The effect of Niclosamide in acetic acid induce colitis: an experimental study

Ulcerative colitis is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of the colon for which a lot of treatment modalities are present. However, significant side effects are associated with them, and there is a need for a search for other tretment options. This study was aimed to assess the contribution of niclosamide in experimentally established colitis in rats. Animals were categorized into 5 groups; the control group undergoes no induction of UC, colitis group in which UC was induced, and animals receive no treatment, the niclosamide group that received niclosamide and sulfasalazine group that received sulfasalazine. Each group was composed of 10 animals. After the completion of a one-month period of the experiment animals were sacrificed and the following meausres were done: the weight of the colon, determination of the area of mucosal damage by mm2, histological scoring after hematoxylin and eosin stain together with MAC score and immunohistochemistry of IL-6, TNF-alpha, MPO, MDA, CD62, and ICAM1. The results of the current study revealed that Nicosamide was able to reduce the area of mucosal damage, colon weight, histological and Mac scores and immunohistochemical scores of inflammatory and oxidative markers, significantly when contrasted to a group of colitis (P< 0.05). It has been concluded that Niclosamide was proved to have a significant effect as an adjuvant mode of therapy for colitis through its, anti-inflamatory and anti-oxidant effects (AU)

The first human infection with Bertiella studeri in Vietnam.

This is the first case report of Bertiella studeri infection in Vietnam. The patient was a 4 year old boy in Cai Lay district of Tien Giang Province, noting some proglottids in his feces. The time and mode of infection were unknown, but anorexia, weight loss, and intermittent diarrhea were noted. Niclosamide (Yomesan) 1 gram was prescribed, and then albendazole (Zentel) 400mg daily for 3 days. Proglottids were found in the feces three months after the first treatment, and 1 month after the second course.

Mepacrine therapy in niclosamide resistant taeniasis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of mepacrine (quinacrine) in patients with niclosamide resistant Taenia saginata infection. METHODS: Eighty six cases with niclosamide resistant Taenia saginata (unresponsive to 2-8 courses of niclosamide) were treated with quinacrine (1 g) administered orally or via a nasogastric tube, and followed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks for recurrence of passage of proglottids and presence of Taenia eggs in the stool examinations. Pre and post-therapy egg counts were obtained and egg viability was tested by staining with methylene blue. RESULTS: Eighty-one (94.2%) patients responded promptly with passage of the worm within 4-72 hours. The egg counts showed a drastic fall in 79 cases and a fall in viability from a median of 100% to 0% was observed. Only one patient demonstrated a relapse at 4 weeks. Gastrointestinal side effects occurred in 9 cases but were controlled easily by symptomatic therapy. CONCLUSION: We conclude that quinacrine is a safe, inexpensive, effective and generally well tolerated drug for the treatment of niclosamide resistant Taenia saginata infestations.

Infección por dypilidium caninum en un lactante / A case of infection by dypilidium caninum in an infant

Dypilidium caninum es un cestode común en perros y gatos distribuido en todo el mundo. El ser humano, huesped accidental, adquiere la infección a través de las pulgas en asociación con las mascotas infectadas, siendo esta enfermedad más frecuente en niños. Presentamos el caso de una niña de un año y medio de edad, que durante siete meses eliminó proglótidas en las deposiciones, consultando en numerosas oportunidades siendo tratada con fármacos dirigidos a protozoos y nematelmintos. Finalmente, luego de la identificación del Dypilidium caninum se trató a la paciente con niclosamida, evolucionando satisfactoriamente

Estudo de variáveis que podem influenciar na evoluçäo da esquistossomose mansônica: efeito da terapêutica específica e da interrupçäo da transmissäo / Study of variables that may influence in the evolution of the hepatosplenic form of Schistosomiasis mansoni: effect of specific therapy and interruption of the transmission

O desenvolvimento da forma hepatatoesplênica da esquistossomose mansônica, ainda näo foi completamente esclarecido. Geralmente säo invocadas a intensidade da carga parasitária, as reinfecçöes sucessivas ou periódicas, a resposta imunológica do hospedeiro, a raça e a terapêutica específica, como fatores marcantes para explicar a razäo pela qual, somente pequeno percentual dos parasitados desenvolve essa forma de doença. O presente trabalho faz parte do "Projeto sobre Esquistossomose na Chapada Diamantina - Bahia - Brasil", tendo como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento do papel das variáveis intensidade de carga parasitária, reinfecçöes sucessivas, terapêutica específica e raça, no desenvolvimento da forma hepatoesplênica, por ser esta, a mais frequênte das formas graves da doença. Um programa de controle da esquistossomose foi desenvolvido em uma área hiperendêmica de esquistossomose, através do uso de moluscicida durante dez anos, com a ajuda da comunidade local. Exames clínicos e parasitológicos de fezes foram realizados antes, durante o período de interrupçäo da transmissäo e após o retorno da transmissäo da parasitose. Ao longo dos quinze anos de seguimento dessa populaçäo, algumas pessoas fizeram uso de medicaçäo anti-esquissomótica, por demanda espontânea e outras näo. A avaliaçäo parasitológica foi feita através os exames de fezes qualitativo e quantitativo, determinando a prevalência e a intensidade da carga parasitária, pelo número de ovos eliminados nas fezes e sua média geométrica. A avaliaçäo da evoluçäo clínica foi feita pela análise do tamanho do fígado e do baço, e pela classificaçäo das formas clínicas, comparando-se o exame inicial com os exames subsequentes. Os principais parâmetros clínicos de evoluçäo - hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia e forma hepatoesplênica - foram analisados em relaçäo à populaçäo geral e ao tratamento específico. Em cada uma dessas situaçöes, os dados foram analisados de acordo com a idade e a raça. O processamento e a análise dos dados foram feitos de acordo com o modelo estatístico mais apropriado para determinado caso, utilizando-se pacotes estatísticos adequados e considerando-se como significante o encontro de p menor que 0,05. Os resultados obtidos permitem confirmar que a intensidade da carga parasitária está diretamente relacionada com o desenvolvimento da forma hepatoesplênica e que o grupo racial negro apresenta maior resistência a desenvolver esta forma clínica da doença...

Orbital cysticercosis.

Orbital cysticercosis is a rare condition. We report here 3 cases with orbital cysticercosis who presented with proptosis and ptosis (Case no. 1 and 2) and focal seizures (Case no. 3). All of them had a vision of 6/6. Diagnosis of cysticercosis was made on CT Scan. The lesions isolated in Cases 1 and 2 and were excised. Drug therapy was given to treat any persisting infestation. Case no 3 had multiple brain cysticerci in addition to the orbital one. However, the patient was lost to follow-up.

Características clínicas de la infección por Hymenolepis nana en niños / Clinical characteristics of Hymenolepis nana infections in children

Con el objeto de evaluar las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y bioquímicas de esta infección en población infantil, se estudió a 55 niños infectados exclusivamente por Hymenolepis nana y que consultaron en forma consecutiva al Policlínico de Parasitología del Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna. La edad promedio de ellos fue de 6 años 6 meses. A todos se les indicó una completa anamnesis, examen físico, examen coproparasitológico seriado de deposiciones, hemograma, carotinemia y proteinemia. Fueron tratados con niclosamida en dosis de 2g el 1- día y 1 g/día hasta completar 7 días de tratamiento, repitiéndose los controles y estudios ya enunciados al mes siguiente. Los síntomas más frecuentes resultaron dolor abdominal 74,5%, meteorismo 52,7%, diarrea crónica 49,1%, y falta de progreso ponderal en el 32,7%. El tratamiento fue efectivo sólo en el 74,5%de los niños. Las proteínas plasmáticas fueron normales en la totalidad de los casos infectados y un 20%presentó niveles de caroteno bajo 60 mg/dl las que se normalizaron una vez tratada la parasitosis. El 49%presentó eosinofilia que en promedio fue de 768 eosinófilos/ul. Los pacientes tratados subieron 1,4 kg en un lapso de 2 meses. Se destaca la importancia de la adecuada sospecha y tratamiento de esta parasitosis

Tratamiento de las Parasitosis del aparato digestivo. / Treatment in parasitic of digestive sistem.

Se hace una actualización referente a los tratamientos delas parasitosis del aparato digestivo, poniendo énfasis en las características de los más importantes antiparasitarios y señalando los esquemas de tratamiento establecidos para cada uno de ellos.

A case report of Hymenolepis diminuta in Bangkok, Thailand.

A 20-month-old Thai girl was brought to the Phramongkutkao Hospital in Bangkok. The girl's stool was examined and ova of Hymenolepis diminuta were found. She was treated with Niclosamide and magnesium sulphate. Six hours after medication three tapeworms without the scolex were expelled in stool.