Green Synthesis of AgNPs Stabilized with biowaste and their antimicrobial activities

In the present study, rapid reduction and stabilization of Ag+ ions with different NaOH molar concentration (0.5 mM, 1.0 mM and 1.5 mM) has been carried out in the aqueous solution of silver nitrate by the bio waste peel extract of P.granatum. Generally, chemical methods used for the synthesis of AgNPs are quite toxic, flammable and have adverse effect in medical application but green synthesis is a better option due to eco-friendliness, non-toxicity and safe for human. Stable AgNPs were synthesized by treating 90 mL aqueous solution of 2 mM AgNO3 with the 5 mL plant peels extract (0.4% w/v) at different NaOH concentration (5 mL). The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM and SEM. Further, antimicrobial activities of AgNPs were performed on Gram positive i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilius and Gram negative i.e. E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The AgNPs synthesized at 1.5 mM NaOH concentration had shown maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) i.e. 49 ± 0.64 in E. coli, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilius had shown 40 ± 0.29 mm, 28 ± 0.13 and 42 ± 0.49 mm ZOI respectively. The MIC value of 30 g/mL observed for E. coli Whereas, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had shown 45 µg/mL, 38 µg/mL, 35 µg/mL respectively. The study revealed that AgNPs had shown significant antimicrobial activity as compared to Streptomycin.

Phaeohyphomycosis.

Phaeohyphomycosis, caused by heterogeneous group of phaeoid fungi causes both subcutaneous and systemic infections. The disease is more of a histopathological than a clinical entity. We present a case of phaeohyphomycosis in a 29-year-old male who presented with the complaint of painful swelling of the right eye of 1-year duration. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed an abnormal hyper dense enhancing soft tissue in the extra coronal aspect of the right orbit along the superolateral and superomedial aspect. A provisional clinical diagnosis of lymphoma or fungal infection was entertained. Histopathology revealed granulomas with numerous multinucleated giant cells and fungal hyphae within and in between the giant cells. Per-iodic acid Schiff (PAS stain) was used to confirm the presence of hyphae. Based on the clinical, CT and histopathological features, a diagnosis of Phaeohyphomycosis was given.

Quetotaxia cercariana de Schistosoma mansoni proveniente de biomphalaria tenagophila naturalmente infectadas / Cercarian chaetotary of Schistosoma mansoni coming from naturally infected Biomphalaria tenagophila

La impregnación con nitrato de plata de cercarias de Schistosoma mansoni obtenidas de Biomphalaria tenogophila naturalmente infectadas y provenientes de la localidad de Taubaté (Brasil), nos permitió evidenciar que: El criterio "12 papilas corporales tanto en la superficie ventral como en la superficie dorsal", clásicamente descrito por los autores, no es constante, ya que en las cercarias por nosostros estudiadas, dicho número de papilas se observó sólo en un 26% de las visitas ventrales y en un 67% de las vistas dorsales. Aunque los autores coinciden en la no existencia de papilas en posición A11V, nosotros encontramos en 43% de cercarias con papilas en posición para un hemicuerpo y un 37% para el otro hemicuerpo. Esta papila A11 V podía estar presente en uno o ambos hemicuerpos. El "Indice cercariano" calculado fue en promedio 1,15 + ou - 0,10