Vólvulo de ciego desde dos variantes de tratamiento / Cecal Volvulus from two Treatment Variants

Introducción: El vólvulo de ciego es infrecuente en Occidente y representa solo el 1 por ciento de los casos de oclusión intestinal en el adulto. Los pacientes con esta entidad presentan habitualmente un cuadro clínico de dolor abdominal intermitente, vómitos, ausencia de expulsión de gases y heces por el recto. Objetivo: Describir dos alternativas de tratamiento ante el vólvulo de ciego. Presentación de caso: Se presentan dos casos de pacientes masculinos, ambos de la tercera edad que presentan cuadro clínico sugestivo de oclusión intestinal mecánica de intestino grueso por vólvulo de ciego. Se realizó laparotomía explorada con los diagnósticos antes referidos y se encontró vólvulo del ciego. Luego se aplicaron técnicas quirúrgicas distintas para cada caso según el estado individual de cada uno de ellos. Conclusiones: Fue factible la aplicación de técnicas quirúrgicas diferentes, tras valorar el estado individual de los pacientes, pues ambos presentaron una evolución favorable(AU)

Introduction: Cecal volvulus is uncommon in the West and represents only 1 percent of cases of intestinal occlusion in adults. Patients with this entity usually present a clinical picture of intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, as well as absence of gas and stool expulsion through the rectum. Objective: To describe two treatment alternatives for cecal volvulus. Case presentation: The cases are presented of two cases of male patients, both elderly, with clinical symptoms suggestive of mechanical intestinal occlusion of the large intestine caused by cecal volvulus. Exploratory laparotomy was performed with the aforementioned diagnoses and cecal volvulus was found. Then different surgical techniques were applied for each case according to the individual condition of each case. Conclusions: It was feasible to apply different surgical techniques after assessing the individual condition of the patients, since both presented a favorable evolution(AU)

Surgical approach of megacecum secondary to descending colon tumor / Abordagem cirúrgica de megaceco secundário a tumor de cólon descendente

Intestinal obstruction is the most frequent clinical manifestation of colon tumors, most of which are located in the descending and recto-sigmoid colon. Emergency bowel obstruction surgery is associated with high mortality and morbidity risks and the ideal approach remains controversial. Multi-stage procedures and the use of stents as bridges for surgery are promising options. A case of a 61-year-old patient with an acute obstructive abdomen secondary to colorectal neoplasm is presented, with emphasis on its diagnosis and treatmen (AU)

Obstrução intestinal é a manifestação clínica mais frequente de tumores de cólon sendo esses, em sua maioria, localizados no cólon descendente e reto-sigmoide. A cirurgia de emergência para obstrução intestinal é associada a altos riscos de mortalidade e de morbidade e a abordagem ideal permanece controversa. Procedimentos em vários estágios e o uso de stents como ponte para cirurgia são opções promissoras. É apresentado um caso de paciente de 61 anos, com abdome agudo obstrutivo secundário à neoplasia colorretal, com ênfase em seu diagnóstico e tratamento (AU)

Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in cystic fibrosis / Síndrome da obstruc¸ão intestinal distal: um desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico na fibrose cística

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the demographics, genotype, and clinical presentation of pediatric patients presenting with distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), and factors associated with DIOS recurrence. Methods: Case series of ten patients (median age 13.2 years), followed-up in a reference center, retrospectively assessed. Data analyzed included age, gender, cystic fibrosis genotype, meconium ileus at birth, hydration status, pulmonary exacerbation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization, pancreatic insufficiency (PI), body mass index (BMI) at the episodes, clinical manifestations of DIOS, imaging studies performed, acute management of DIOS, maintenance therapy, and recurrence on follow-up. Results: All patients had two positive sweat chloride tests, and nine of ten also had genotype study. The most common genotype identified was homozygosis for the delta F508 mutation. In seven cases, a previous history of meconium ileus was reported. All patients had pancreatic insufficiency. Diagnosis of DIOS was based on clinical and imaging findings. Of the total number of episodes, 85% were successfully managed with oral osmotic laxatives and/or rectal therapy (glycerin enema or saline irrigation). Recurrence was observed in five of ten patients. Conclusion In this first report of pediatric DIOS in South America, the presence of two risk factors for DIOS occurrence was universal: pancreatic insufficiency and severe genotype. Medical history of meconium ileus at birth was present in most patients, as well as in the subgroup with DIOS recurrence. The diagnosis relied mainly on the clinical presentation and on abdominal imaging. The practices in the management of episodes varied, likely reflecting changes in the management of this syndrome throughout time.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar os dados demográficos, o genótipo e o quadro clínico de pacientes pediátricos que apresentam síndrome da obstrução intestinal distal (DIOS) e os fatores associados à recidiva da DIOS. Métodos: Casuística de 10 pacientes (média de 13,2 anos) monitorados em um centro de referência e avaliados de forma retroativa. Os dados analisados incluíram idade, sexo, genótipo da fibrose cística, íleo meconial no nascimento, estado de hidratação, exacerbação pulmonar, colonização por Pseudomonas aeruginosa, insuficiência pancreática (IP), IMC nos episódios, manifestações clínicas da DIOS, estudos de diagnóstico por imagem realizados, manejo agudo da DIOS, terapia de manutenção e recidiva no acompanhamento. Resultados: Todos os pacientes apresentaram dois exames de cloreto no suor positivos e 09/10 também apresentaram estudo do genótipo. O genótipo mais comum identificado foi a homozigose da mutação delta F508. Em sete casos foi mencionado um histórico de íleo meconial. Todos os pacientes apresentaram insuficiência pancreática. O diagnóstico da DIOS teve como base achados clínicos e de imagem; 85% do número total de episódios foram tratados com sucesso com laxantes osmóticos orais e/ou terapia retal (enema de glicerina ou irrigação salina). A recidiva foi observada em 5 de 10 pacientes. Conclusão: Neste primeiro relatório da DIOS pediátrica na América do Sul, a presença de dois fatores de risco na ocorrência da DIOS foi universal: insuficiência pancreática e genótipo associado a doença grave. O histórico de íleo meconial no nascimento esteve presente na maioria dos pacientes, bem como no subgrupo com recidiva da DIOS. O diagnóstico dependeu principalmente do quadro clínico e do diagnóstico por imagem abdominal. As práticas de manejo de episódios variaram, provavelmente refletiram as mudanças no tratamento dessa síndrome ao longo do tempo.

Obstrucción intestinal por brida postquirúrgica en gestante: a propósito de un caso / Intestinal obstruction due to postsurgical bridle in pregnant woman: on the subject of a case

RESUMEN El dolor abdominal en gestantes supone un diagnóstico complejo por el múltiple diagnóstico diferencial que existe. Es necesaria la realización de un diagnóstico precoz para reducir el número de complicaciones. Para ello, nos apoyamos no sólo en criterios clínicos si no en pruebas de imagen como la resonanacia magnética nuclear. Nuestro objetivo es la realización de una revisión bibliográfica sobre el dolor abdominal en gestantes, centrándonos en la obstrucción intestinal, a propósito de un caso de una gestante con dolor abdominal agudo a la que se le diagnosticó de isquemia intestinal secundaria a obstrucción intestinal por brida postquirúrgica. La obstrucción intestinal es una causa infrecuente y potencialmente grave de dolor abdominal agudo en gestantes, que cursa con clínica insidiosa y que precisa cirugía como tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Abdominal pain in the pregnant woman is complex to diagnose because of the multiple differential diagnosis that exists. It is necessary to perform an early diagnosis to reduce the number of complications. For this, we rely not only on clinical criteria but on imaging tests such as nuclear magnetic resonance. Our objective is to review the literature on abdominal pain in pregnant women, focusing on intestinal obstruction, and with regard to the case of a pregnant woman with acute abdominal pain who was diagnosed of intestinal ischemia due to intestinal obstruction by post-surgical bridle. Intestinal obstruction is an infrequent and potentially serious cause of acute abdominal pain in the pregnant woman, which is insidious and requires surgery as a treatment.

Incidental diagnosis of breast cancer in the pursuit of the treatment of intestinal obstruction

Intestinal lipomatosis is rare and often asymptomatic but can present with intestinal obstruction. Occasionally, metastatic breast cancer is identified in the ovary before a breast primary is discovered. We report the case of a 50-year-old woman diagnosed with synchronous intestinal obstruction due to lipomatosis, and incidental ovarian metastases from breast cancer. The patient presented with a 12-day history of nausea, diffuse abdominal pain, and constipation. An abdominal x-ray showed air-fluid levels, and computed tomography documented small bowel distention. An explorative laparotomy was performed, which revealed small bowel distention, an obstructive lesion of the ileocecal valve, three terminal ileum lesions, ascites, and heterogeneous ovaries. Right ileocolic resection and left oophorectomy were performed. The pathological diagnosis revealed lipomatous submucosal lesion of the ileocecal valve and ileum, and 17 lymph nodes, which were all negative for malignant cells. The oophorectomy revealed ovarian metastasis from breast carcinoma. Ascitic fluid was positive for malignant cells. Mammography and breast/axillary ultrasonography showed a solid nodule of the left breast, ductal carcinoma, and multiple enlarged left axillary lymph nodes, which were positive for neoplastic cells. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed hormonal receptor positivity and C-erb2 negativity. Breast magnetic resonance imaging showed a 14 mm left nodule and a positron emission tomography scan revealed 18F-FDG uptake in the left breast, left axillary lymph nodes, right ovary, and peritoneum. The tumor was staged as stage IV ductal breast carcinoma, cT1N1M1, Grade 2, Luminal B-like. The multidisciplinary oncological meeting proposed chemotherapy, and a re-staging breast MRI after chemotherapy, which showed a complete response. The patient started treatment with letrozole and remains disease-free 22 months after finishing chemotherapy.

Tratamiento paliativo endoscópico con stents en pacientes con una oclusión neoplásica de colon izquierdo estadio IV: estudio multicéntrico / Endoscopic palliative treatment with stents in patients with a neoplastic occlusion of left colon stage IV: multicenter study / Tratamento paliativo endoscópico com stents em pacientes com oclusão neoplásica de cólon esquerdo em estágio IV: estudo multicêntrico

Buscamos analizar los resultados obtenidos con el uso de stents en el tratamiento de la oclusión neoplásica de colon izquierdo en pacientes estadio IV. 23 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. De los 19 pacientes donde se logró la colocación del stent (82,6%), 2 pacientes (10,5%) sufrieron una complicación que requirió cirugía y confección de una colostomía. No se registraron otras complicaciones. Los restantes 17 pacientes (89,5%) pudieron culminar su evolución libres de oclusión y sin haber sido necesario confeccionarles una colostomía, con una media de stent funcionante de 82 días. No se registró mortalidad vinculada al procedimiento. Evidenciamos un éxito técnico del 82,6% (colocación exitosa del stent) y un éxito clínico del 89,5% (pacientes que resolvieron la oclusión luego de la colocación del stent). En estos pacientes no se registró mortalidad y se evidenció una morbilidad del 10,5%. Estos valores son similares a los publicados en series internacionales.

We sought to analyze the results obtained with the use of stents in the treatment of neoplastic occlusion of the left colon in stage IV patients. Twenty three patients met the inclusion criteria. Among the 19 patients in whom the stent placement was achieved (82.6%), 2 patients (10.5%) suffered a complication requiring surgery and colostomy. No other complications were recorded. The remaining 17 patients (89.5%) were able to complete their evolution without occlusion and without the need to perform a colostomy, with a mean of 82-day functioning stent. There was no mortality associated with the procedure. We demonstrated a technical success of 82.6% (successful placement of the stent) and a clinical success of 89.5% (patients who resolved occlusion after stent placement). Mortality was not recorded in these patients and a morbidity of 10.5% was observed. These values are similar to those published in international series.

Procuramos analisar os resultados obtidos com o uso de stents no tratamento da oclusão neoplásica do cólon esquerdo em estágio IV. Os requisitos de inclusão foram preenchidos por 23 pacientes. Entre os 19 pacientes (82,6%) nos quais se conseguiu colocar o stent, dois (10,5%) sofreram uma complicação que requeriu cirurgia e confecção de uma colostomia. Nenhuma outra complicação foi registrada. Os restantes 17 pacientes (89,5%) completaram sua evolução livres de oclusão sem que fosse necessário confeccionar-lhes uma colostomia, com uma média de stent funcionante de 82 dias. Não se registrou mortalidade associada ao procedimento. Obtivemos um sucesso técnico de 82,6% (colocação bem sucedida do stent) e sucesso clínico de 89,5% (pacientes nos quais foi resolvida a oclusão após a colocação do stent). Nesses pacientes não foi registrada mortalidade e foi evidenciada uma morbilidade de 10,5%. Estes valores são semelhantes aos publicados em séries internacionais.

Occlusion intestinale pendant la grossesse au Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Treichville (Abidjan - Côte d'Ivoire)

Introduction : La survenue d'une occlusion intestinale pendant la grossesse est une situation rare qui met en jeu rapidement le pronostic materno-fœtal.Observation : Nous rapportons un cas d'occlusion intestinale diagnostiquée à la 33ème semaine de grossesse chez une patiente de 23 ans, ayant un antécédent de salpingectomie. Le diagnostic a été posé tardivement, sur des arguments cliniques. Le traitement qui a consisté à réaliser en urgence une césarienne première suivi d'une iléostomie proximale, a permis de sauver l'enfant et la mère.Discussion : Cette observation nous permet de discuter les mécanismes physiopathologiques, et les difficultés de la prise en charge de l'occlusion intestinale aiguë au cours de la grossesse dans nos pays tropicaux à plateau technique limité

Tratamiento médico o quirúrgico de la obstrucción intestinal alta / Medical or surgical treatment of small bowel obstruction

Introducción: La obstrucción intestinal (OI) es una causa frecuente de consulta en los servicios de urgencia. Los avances en los métodos de diagnósticos y la implementación de unidades de paciente crítico han logrado disminuir la morbimortalidad de esta afección. El proceso diagnóstico incluye desde la anamnesis y examen físico al uso de exámenes de laboratorio e imagenológicos para definir el mejor tratamiento en cada caso, ya sea médico o quirúrgico. Objetivo: Describir la respuesta al tratamiento médico o quirúrgico en pacientes con diagnóstico de OI alta en nuestro hospital.Materiales y métodos: Serie de casos retrospectiva de todos los casos egresados con diagnóstico de OI alta (parcial o completa) como diagnóstico primario, atendidos en el hospital desde enero de 2012 hasta mayo de 2014. Resultados: Hubo 134 casos incluidos, con 101 OI completas, 81 de ellas se resolvieron de forma quirúrgica. En las 20 restantes se decidió tratamiento médico, sin presentar este subgrupo mayor morbimortalidad asociada; sin embargo dada la evolución de estos pacientes se requirió en un 75% de los casos cirugía definitiva. Todas las OI parciales (33 casos), se resolvieron de forma conservadora, sin requerir cirugía. Conclusión: El tratamiento conservador de la OI no presentó mayores complicaciones que el tratamiento quirúrgico, por lo que se mantiene como una posibilidad válida de tratamiento teniendo en cuenta que es necesaria una vigilancia estricta para evitar mayor morbimortalidad. Sin embargo, esto no significa que operar o no operar sea lo mismo, siendo importante considerar la etiología de la OI.

Background: Small bowel intestinal obstruction (IO) is a frequent problem presenting in emergency rooms. Advances in diagnostic methods and the creation of intensive case units have diminished the morbidity and mortality of this disease. The diagnostic tool includes a careful clinical examination, the use of laboratory tests plus radiological procedures, which together allow to define the best treatment option for each patient wit IO. Aim: To report the response to medical or surgical treatment of patients with a small bowel IO. Material and methods: Review of a retrospective case series of 134 patients discharged from a clinical hospital with the primary diagnosis of small bowel intestinal obstruction between 2012 and 2014. Results: One hundred and one patients had a complete obstruction and 81 of these were treated surgically. In the remaining 20, a medical treatment was chosen, without observing a higher frequency of complications. However, 75% of these patients required surgery during their evolution. All partial obstructions were treated conservatively, without requiring surgery. Conclusion: Conservative treatment of intestinal obstruction is not associated with a higher rate of complications but requires a close clinical follow up. The etiology of the obstruction must be taken in consideration for decision making.

Mechanisms of growth inhibition of Phytomonas serpens by the alkaloids tomatine and tomatidine

Phytomonas serpens are flagellates in the family Trypanosomatidae that parasitise the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.), which results in fruits with low commercial value. The tomato glycoalkaloid tomatine and its aglycone tomatidine inhibit the growth of P. serpens in axenic cultures. Tomatine, like many other saponins, induces permeabilisation of the cell membrane and a loss of cell content, including the cytosolic enzyme pyruvate kinase. In contrast, tomatidine does not cause permeabilisation of membranes, but instead provokes morphological changes, including vacuolisation. Phytomonas treated with tomatidine show an increased accumulation of labelled neutral lipids (BODYPY-palmitic), a notable decrease in the amount of C24-alkylated sterols and an increase in zymosterol content. These results are consistent with the inhibition of 24-sterol methyltransferase (SMT), which is an important enzyme that is responsible for the methylation of sterols at the 24 position. We propose that the main target of tomatidine is the sterols biosynthetic pathway, specifically, inhibition of the 24-SMT. Altogether, the results obtained in the present paper suggest a more general effect of alkaloids in trypanosomatids, which opens potential therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of the diseases caused by these pathogens.

Evacuación del meconiointestinal para mejorar tolerancia alimentaria en prematuro de muy bajo peso (protocolo Emita) / Meconium evacuation to improve feeding tolerance in very low birth weight preterm infants (Emita protocol)

Se ha descrito que la tolerancia alimentaria en el extremo prematuro se asocia a una precoz eliminación de meconio. Estudios prospectivos, randomizados o con controles históricos de estimulación de evacuación de meconio reportan diferentes resultados. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el uso sistemático de enemas que aceleren la evacuación de meconio, y por ende la tolerancia alimentaria. Pacientes y Método: Estudio controlado, aleatorizado y multicéntrico que evaluó el uso de enemas de solución fisiológica con glicerina (0,8 ml de glicerina + 3 ml de solución fisiológica o 1 ml de glicerina + 5 ml de solución fisiológica según peso al nacer menor o mayor de 800 g, respectivamente) versus simulación, iniciado en los primeras 96 h de vida, en prematuros con peso al nacimiento entre 500 y 1.250 g. Se registraron antecedentes maternos (parto prematuro, infección ovular, síndrome hipertensivo del embarazo, administración de sulfato de magnesio, y corticoides prenatales, doppler fetal alterado, tipo de parto, sexo, peso y edad gestacional, evaluación de apgar y necesidad de ventilación asistida y oxígenoterapia) y nutricionales (edad al alcanzar volúmenes de alimentación de 100 ml//kg/día y alimentación enteral completa, edad para eliminar meconio, número de días en nutrición parenteral, peso a los 28 días, volúmenes semanales de leche materna y fórmula de prematuros). Resultados: En 101 sujetos incluidos en el estudio, no se obtienen diferencias significativas en la variable principal de edad para alcanzar el aporte enteral total o los 100 ml por kg por día. Tampoco se observan diferencias en las variables secundarias: número de episodios de sepsis tardías con o sin hemocultivo positivo, hiperbilirrubinemia, enterocolitis necrotizante o hemorragia intracraneana...

Introduction: It has been reported that feeding tolerance in preterm infants is associated with an early passage of meconium. Prospective, randomized or historical control studies that stimulate meconium evacuation have reported varied results. This study was intented to evaluate the use of enemas to speed up meconium evacuation, facilitating feeding tolerance. Patients and Method: A controlled multicenter randomized trial that evaluated the use of physiological saline enemas with glycerol (0.8 ml glycerol + 3 ml saline or 1 ml glycerol + 5 ml saline depending on babies weighing less or more than 800 g at birth, respectively) versus simulation. This procedure was performed in the first 96 hours of life in infants with birth weight between 500 and 1,250 g. Maternal (preterm delivery, clinical chorioamnionitis, gestational hypertension, administration of magnesium sulfate and prenatal corticosteroids, fetal Doppler altered, type of delivery, gender, weight and gestational age, assessment of Apgar and need for assisted ventilation and oxygenotherapy) and nutritional history (age when feeding volumes of 100 ml/kg/day and full enteral feeding were reached, age to remove meconium, number of days on parenteral nutrition, weight at 28 days, weekly volumes of breast milk and preterm formula) were described. Results: No significant differences were obtained regarding the age to reach full enteral intake or 100 ml/kg/day were found among the 101 patients in the study. Also, no differences in the following secondary variables are observed: number of episodes of late sepsis with or without positive blood culture, hyperbilirubinemia, necrotizing enterocolitis and intraventricular hemorrhage...

Manejo del vólvulo de sigmoides en tres hospitales integrales comunitarios de la misión médica cubana en Bolivia / Management of Sigmoid Volvulus in Three General Community Hospitals of the Cuban Medical Mission in Bolivia

Fundamento: el vólvulo de sigmoides es una emergencia que se presenta con frecuencia en los hospitales del área andina sudamericana. Representa más del 50 % de todas las obstrucciones intestinales y aún mantiene altos índices de mortalidad.Objetivo: caracterizar el manejo del vólvulo de sigmoides. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de los pacientes con vólvulo de sigmoides que acudieron a tres hospitales integrales comunitarios de la misión médica cubana en Bolivia desde junio de 2006 hasta junio de 2007 y fueron atendidos por cirugía general. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos, diagnóstico operatorio, tipo y clasificación de la cirugía, operación realizada, evolución, complicaciones, uso de antibiótico-profilaxis, ingreso en sala de cuidados intensivos. La información se obtuvo del expediente clínico, informe operatorio y un modelo recolector de datos. Resultados: el vólvulo de sigmoides se presentó con mayor frecuencia en el hospital de Yapacaní, departamento de Santa Cruz; predominó el grupo de edades de 55 a 64 años y el sexo masculino; la enfermedad de Chagas estuvo presente en la mayoría de los pacientes; entre los síntomas predominaron la distención, el dolor abdominal y la detención de heces fecales. La descompresión, desvolvulación y el tratamiento quirúrgico fue la conducta tomada en todos los casos, la colostomía de Rankin-Mikulicz fue la más utilizada. No se reintervinieron pacientes, ni existió mortalidad. Conclusiones: la descompresión, desvolvulación y el tratamiento quirúrgico fue la conducta tomada en todos los casos; la colostomía de Rankin-Mikulicz fue la más utilizada. La mayoría de los pacientes evolucionaron de forma satisfactoria.

Background: Sigmoid volvulus is an emergency that occurs very frequently in the South American Andean area hospitals. It accounts for over 50% of all intestinal obstructions and still retains high mortality rates. Objective: To characterize the management of sigmoid volvulus. Methods: A prospective and descriptive study was conducted including all patients with sigmoid volvulus who attended three general community hospitals of the Cuban medical mission in Bolivia from June 2006 to June 2007 and were treated trough general surgery. We analyzed the following variables: age, sex, medical history, surgical diagnosis, classification and type of surgery, surgery performed, evolution, complications, use of antibiotic-prophylaxis and admission to intensive care units. The information was obtained from medical records, operative reports and a data collector model. Results: Sigmoid volvulus occurred more frequently in the Yapacaní hospital, department of Santa Cruz; the predominant age group was that from 55 to 64 years old as well as the predominant sex was that of males. Chagas disease was detected in most of the patients studied. Among symptoms those that predominated were distension, abdominal pain and stool detention. Decompression, devolvulation and surgical treatment were the processes followed in all cases, being the Rankin-Mikulicz colostomy the most widely used. No patients underwent a second surgery, and there were no mortality rates. Conclusions: Decompression, devolvulation and surgical treatment were the processes followed in all cases, being the Rankin-Mikulicz colostomy the most widely used. Most patients had a satisfactory evolution.

Manejo terapéutico actual de la oclusión intestinal maligna no quirúrgica / Current therapeutic handling of non-surgical malignant intestinal

Introducción: la oclusión intestinal (OI) es una complicación frecuente de los pacientes oncológicos en etapa terminal.Cuando no es posible la cirugía, el tratamiento es médico, sin embargo este aún no está protocolizado. Objetivo: analizar el tratamiento de pacientes con diagnóstico de oclusión intestinal maligna (OIM) fuera de sanción quirúrgica. Material y método: trabajo retrospectivo descriptivo de diezpacientes atendidos por la Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos del Servicio de Oncología del Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, diagnóstico de OIM desde el 1° de enero de 2009 al31 de diciembre de 2010. Resultados: separamos a los pacientes según resultado terapéutico: en quienes revirtió la OIM (6/10) y en quienes no revirtió la OIM (4/10). En el primer grupo la edad media fue de 55 años, la causa de oclusión en 5/6 pacientes fue íleo adinámico. El tratamiento terapéutico comenzó entre el primer y elsexto día de iniciado los síntomas. Todos los pacientes utilizaron dexametasona, metoclopramida, antiácidos y analgésicos, hioscina en 5/6 pacientes, neostigmina fue utilizada en dos pacientes con dolor mínimo, haloperidol y levomepromazina en dos pacientes en que predominaron los vómitos. Lasobrevida media fue de 39 días. En el segundo grupo la edad media fue de 75 años. La causa de OIM fue mecánica en 2/4 pacientes. Todos presentaban más de tres comorbilidades. Todos los pacientes utilizaron metoclopramida, dos de ellos haloperidol y tres dexametasona. Sobrevida media: nuevedías. Discusión: obtuvimos buenos resultados al iniciar tempranamenteun plan con corticoides, haloperidol, analgesia y neostigmina, que deberán ser validados en un estudio prospectivoy con mayor número de pacientes.

Introduction: intestinal or bowel obstruction (BO) is a common complication in terminal cancer patients.When surgery is not an option, therapeutic treatment applies, although there is still no agreed protocol for it.Objective: to analyse the medical treatment of patients with a diagnosis of malignant bowel obstruction when surgery is not an option. Method: retrospective, descriptive study of ten patients who were seen at the Palliative Center Unit of the Oncology Department at the Armed Forces Central Hospital and were diagnosed with malignant bowel obstruction from 1 January, 2009 through 31 December 2010. Results: we classified patients according to their therapeutic response: those whose malignant bowel obstruction evidenced reversion (6/10) and those whoseMBOevidenced no reversion (4/10). Average age in the first group was 55 years old, and an adynamic ileus caused the obstruction in 5 out of 6 patients . Therapeutic treatment was initiated between the first and sixth day after symptoms became evident. All patients received dexamethasone, metoclopramide, antacids and analgesics. Five patients also received hyoscine, neostigmine was used in two patients with minimal pain, haloperidoland levomepromazine was used in two patients with intense vomiting. Average survival was 39 days. In the secondgroup, average age was 75 years old. The cause for the MBO was mechanic in two out of the four patients. All patients presented over three comorbilities. All patients received metoclopramide, two of them haloperidol and dexamethasone was used in three patients. Average survival was 9 days Discussion: Good results were obtained thanks to the early initiation of treatment with corticoids, haloperidol, analgesics and neostigmine. These results need to be validated by a prospective study over a larger population.

Introdução: a oclusão intestinal (OI) é uma complicação freqüente dos pacientes oncológicos em fase terminal.Quando não é possível realizar uma cirurgia, o tratamento é médico, no entanto ainda não existe umprotocolo. Objetivo: analisar o tratamento de pacientes com diagnóstico de oclusão intestinal maligna (OIM) sem possibilidades cirúrgicas. Material e método: trabalho retrospectivo descritivo de dez pacientes atendidos na Unidade de Cuidados Paliativos do Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital Central das Forças Armadas com diagnóstico de OIM no período 1° de janeiro de 2009 ao 31 de dezembro de 2010. Resultados: separamos os pacientes por resultado terapêutico: com reversão da OIM (6/10) e sem reversão (4/10). No primeiro grupo a idade média foi de 55 anos, a causa da oclusão em5 dos 6 pacientes foi íleo adinâmico. O tratamento terapêutico começo entre o primeiro e o sexto dia depois do inicio dos sintomas. Todos los pacientesutilizaram dexametasona, metoclopramida, antiácidos e analgésicos, hioscina en 5dos 6 pacientes, neostigmina foi utilizada em dois pacientes com dor mínima,haloperidol e levomepromazinaemdois pacientes com predomínio de vômitos. La sobrevida média foi de 39 dias. No segundo grupo a idade média foi de 75 anos. A causa de OIM foi mecânica en 2 dos 4 pacientes. Todos tinham mais de três comorbidades. Todos os pacientes utilizaram metoclopramida, dois haloperidol e três dexametasona. Sobrevida média: nove dias. Discussão: obtivemos bons resultados quando o tratamento com um plano com corticóides, haloperidol, analgesia y neostigmina, foi iniciado precocemente; esestes resultados deveriam ser validados em um estudo prospectivo e com um número maior de pacientes.

Complicações em pacientes com fibrose cística / Complication of cystic fibrosis

A Fibrose Cística é uma doença genética, complexa, que compromete principalmente os aparelhos respiratório e digestivo. O diagnóstico precoce e o avanço das estratégias terapêuticas têm levado a um marcado aumento da sobrevida; no entanto, as complicações respiratórias e digestivas têm contribuído significativamente para importante morbimortalidade especialmente nos pacientes adultos. A progressão da doença respiratória pode causar complicações tais como hemoptise, pneumotórax e reações de hipersensibilidade pela colonização da via aérea por fungos. A doença gastrintestinal pode também ser complicada pela síndrome da obstrução intestinal distal.

Cystic Fibrosis is a complex genetic disease that damages especially the respiratory and the digestive systems. An early diagnosis and the advances in therapeutic strategies have led to a remarkable increase in survival rates. However, respiratory and digestive complications still contribute significantly to important mortality, especially in adult patients. The progress of respiratory disease may result in complications such as hemoptysis, pneumothorax and hypersensibility reactions due to fungi colonization of the airways. The gastrintestinal disease has also led to complications such as the distal intestinal obstruction disease.

Resolución endoscópica de la obstrucción de colon mediante el uso de prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles / Endoscopic treatment of colonic obstruction by self-expandable metallic stent placement

Introducción: la obstrucción aguda colónica es una situación que requiere un tratamiento urgente y tiene elevada morbi-mortalidad. Las prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles, lograron un lugar en el armamento terapéutico. Se pueden colocar en forma "definitiva" o como "puente a la cirugía electiva". Las ventajas son reducción de la morbi-mortalidad, evitan cirugías de urgencia no apropiadas. Objetivo: Evaluar la factibilidad del uso de las prótesis, en obstrucción colorrectal, revisión de aspectos técnicos, tasas de éxito y complicaciones. Material y Métodos: Se analizaron todos los pacientes con obstrucción colorrectal ingresados en el Servicio de Coloproctología del Hospital Británico entre Junio 2007 y Junio del 2009, los datos fueron vertidos en una base Excel 2007. Se realizó un análisis, retrospectivo, observacional descriptivo y longitudinal. Las variables analizadas fueron: diagnóstico primario, localización de la obstrucción, intención de colocación de la prótesis, evaluación del éxito terapéutico, y complicaciones del procedimiento. Resultados: Sobre 13 pacientes con obstrucción colorrectal, en 11 (84,6 por ciento) se colocaron 15 PMA, con resolución del cuadro agudo. La edad media fue de 66 años. El 61 por ciento (8 pacientes) fueron de sexo masculino. El éxito técnico fue de 84,6 por ciento (11 pacientes), en 3 como "puente" a cirugía electiva y en 8 en foma definitiva. El éxito terapéutico fue del 100 por ciento. Las complicaciones fueron suboclusión en 1 paciente y migración en 2 pacientes con patología benigna. Conclusión: la colocación de las PMA, son eficaces y seguras con resultados preliminares que refuerzan las ventajas de los procedimientos mini-invasivos.

Background: Acute colonic obstruction is a situation that requires urgent treatment and has high morbidity and mortality. The self-expandable metallic stents achieved a place in the therapeutic armamentarium. May be placed in a “palliative” or “bridge to elective surgery”. The advantages are reducing morbility and mortality, prevent inappropriate emergency surgeries. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of using prosthetics in colorectal obstruction, review of technical aspects, success rates and complications. Method: we analyzed all patients with colorectal obstruction admitted to the Colorectal Service at the British Hospital between June 2007 and June 2009, data were analyzed in a database Excel 2007. An analysis, retrospective, observational, descriptive was performed and the variables analyzed were: primary diagnosis, location of obstruction, self-expandable metallic stent, assessment of therapeutic success and complications of the procedure. Results: About 13 patients with colorectal obstruction in 11 (84.6 per cent) were placed 15 self-expandable metallic stents, with resolution of acute disease. The mean age was 66 years. 61 per cent (8 patients) were male. Technical success was 84.6 per cent (11 patients) in 3 as a "bridge" to elective surgery and 8 eight in final forms or palliative. Treatment success was 100 per cent. Complications were partial occlusion in 1 patient and migration in two patients with benign disease. Conclusion: The placement of the self-expandable metallic stents, are effective and safe with preliminary results that reinforce the advantages of mini-invasive procedures.

Constipación: ¿síntoma de enfermedad funcional? ¿Detección precoz del cáncer? / Constipation: symptom of a functional disease? Early cancer detection?

Constipation is one of the most common digestive complaints. Despite this constipation receives less attention than other digestive problems, and usually is self-diagnosed and self-medicated. Constipation can be defined as a symptomatic decrease in frequency of bowel movements. In occasions, this complaint can course as a benign pathoogy, with an easy management. Otherwise, simple constipation, in other times, can be converted in a severe disease, even in a threatening process, which can be a danger for the life of the patient...

Mechanical intestinal obstruction: etiology and management in adults at civil hospital, Karachi

To determine the etiological factors, management and outcome of mechanical intestinal obstruction in adults at Civil Hospital, Karachi. The hospital records of all patients operated on for mechanical intestinal obstruction in Civil Hospital, Karachi, over a period of one year [July 2006 to June 2007] were reviewed. Signs and symptoms with duration, etiology, surgical management, morbidity and mortality, apart from demography, were recorded. Patients were followed until their discharge. A total of 119 patients, 74 male and 45 female, with a mean age [ +/- SD] of 37.29 [ +/- 16.08] years were operated on during the study period. Their mean [ +/- SD] duration of symptoms was 4.1 [ +/- 3.9] days. Obstructed external hernias were the most common cause of intestinal obstruction, seen in 36 [30.2%] patients, followed by intestinal tuberculosis in 24 [20.2%] patients. Stoma formation was the most common surgical procedure performed in 40 [33.6%] patients followed by hernia repair, with or without resection, and anastomosis of bowel in 36 [30.2%] patients. Complications were documented in 34.4% of patients. Mortality was 9.2% during the hospital stay. Obstructed external hernias were the commonest cause of intestinal obstruction followed by intestinal tuberculosis. Stoma formation was the commonest surgical procedure performed. During the first year of surgical training, all residents should master the skills of making an appropriate stoma, while during the second year they should be able to manage obstructed hernias properly