Characteristics of oral health literacy in Senegal: A cross-sectional study among women in the Department of Pikine

Senegal having a significant prevalence of socially differentiated oral diseases, oral health literacy (OHL), an individual and social resource, should be considered alongside a remedial response. This work aimed to analyze women's OHL characteristics. A cross-sectional study on 315 women in Pikine County was carried out, using the Oral Health Literacy-Adult Questionnaire (OHL-AQ) for the OHL data collection and a questionnaire for the women's socioeconomic characteristics data. These women had an OHL average score of 6.5±3.1 and a median of 6. Among them, 56.5% had a seemingly low OHL level, a little over 68.9% had a score above the median as regards the "listening, communication and understanding" aspect, 58.4% to "decision making", 55.2% to "understanding numbers" and 33% to "reading and understanding". According to a multivariate analysis, secondary and higher educated women (p<0.001) with an active social network (p<0.023), in a wealthy household (p<0.0001) and of nuclear household type (p<0.036) had a higher OHL level. Women in Pikine have low OHL and are from working- class households. Therefore, oral health policies must take into account the women's social network contribution to the OHL improvement.

The feminization of dentistry and the perceptions of public service users about gender issues in oral health / A feminização da odontologia e as percepções dos usuários do serviço público sobre as questões de gênero em saúde bucal

Abstract It was investigated the perception of service users in relation to the professional practice of dentists, based on gender differences. The Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) was applied to 900 users of the Public Service in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Sixty clinics were selected using random sampling, divided between conventional Primary Health Care (PHC) Units and PHC with Family Health System Units. The attributes of PHC that compound the PCATool were analyzed. A question was added about user preference regarding the gender of the dental professional, thus generating four dyads derived from user gender/dentist gender (FF, FM, MM, MF). The attributes were linked to the dyads by applying the independent sample t test. Using logistic regression, the dyads were linked to 23 factors relating to scaled-up care in PHC. Many users showed a clear preference for being attended by female dentists. Users who prefer to be cared for by women tend to better evaluate PHC on issues related to "active listening", while those who prefer to be cared for by male dentists highlight the attributes of "care integration" and "community guidance". In other factors and attributes studied, there is no difference between the care given by men or women, regardless the unit.

Resumo Investigou-se a percepção dos usuários do serviço quanto à prática profissional dos dentistas, com base em diferenças de gênero. O Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) foi aplicado a 900 usuários do Serviço Público de Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Sessenta clínicas odontológicas foram selecionadas usando amostragem aleatória, divididas entre unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) convencional e unidades de APS com Estratégia Saúde da Família. Os atributos da APS no PCATool foram analisados. Uma questão foi adicionada acerca da preferência do usuário em relação ao gênero do dentista, gerando quatro díades derivadas da combinação do gênero do usuário/gênero do dentista (FF, FM, MM, MF). Os atributos foram ligados às díades pelo teste t para amostras independentes. Por regressão logística, as díades foram relacionadas a 23 fatores referentes aos cuidados ampliados na APS. Muitos usuários mostraram preferência por dentistas mulheres. Esses tendem a avaliar melhor os cuidados de saúde primários quanto à "escuta ativa e qualificada", enquanto aqueles que preferem ser atendidos por homens destacam os atributos de "integração do cuidado" e "orientação comunitária". Em outros fatores e atributos estudados, não há diferença entre o atendimento prestado por homens ou mulheres, independentemente da unidade.

Prevalencia de dolor musculoesquelético y factores asociados en odontólogos de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador, 2016 / Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and associated factors in dentists of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, 2016

Introducción: el dolor es uno de los síntomas principales de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos y tiene alta frecuencia en los profesionales de la odontología. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia del dolor musculoesquelético y los factores sociodemográficos y laborales asociados en odontólogos que laboran en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal en 240 odontólogos inscritos en la Dirección Provincial de Salud del Azuay de la ciudad de Cuenca hasta el año 2015. Se usó el cuestionario de Kuorinka para determinar síntomas musculoesqueléticos. Se creó un formulario con variables sociodemográficas y las características del dolor para establecer asociaciones estadísticas. La información fue procesada en el programa SPSS versión 22. Resultados: el 58,7% eran mujeres. El promedio de edad fue de 37 años con una DE de 11,6. La prevalencia de dolor musculoesquelético fue del 73,3%. El 90,3% atribuyó el dolor a causas laborales. Los factores asociados al dolor fueron: sexo femenino, sedentarismo, trabajar en el sector público y carga horaria mayor a 30 horas semanales. El dolor musculoesquelético en los odontólogos está asociado estadísticamente a: sexo femenino (OR= 2,60; IC 95%= 1,35 ­ 4,99; p= 0,004), sedentarismo (OR= 2,42; IC 95%= 1,20 ­ 4,89; p= 0,013), ejercer en el área pública (OR= 2,97; IC 95%= 1,26 ­ 6,99; p= 0,012) y carga horaria mayor a 30 horas sema- nales (OR= 2,21; IC 95%= 1,15 ­ 4,21; p= 0,017). Conclusiones: el ejercicio de la práctica clínica odontológica constituye un factor de riesgo para la generación de trastornos musculoesqueléticos.

Síndrome de Burnout en odontólogos de la XVIII Región Sanitaria del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Paraguay / Burnout Syndrome in dentists working at the XVIII Sanitary Region of the Ministry of Public Health and Social, Paraguay

INTRODUCCIÓN: El Síndrome de Burnout (SB) es la disfunción psicológica que aparece como consecuencia a una respuesta inadecuada al estrés laboral crónico. OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia del Síndrome de Burnout y describir aspectos de las esferas personal y laboral en odontólogos que prestan servicio en la XVIII Región Sanitaria (Asunción-Paraguay) del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, en el año 2015. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. Fueron registradas las características demográficas y laborales a través de un cuestionario. El SB fue evaluado mediante el Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) en su versión en español. RESULTADOS: La muestra quedó conformada por 83 odontólogos. El 92,77% fue sexo femenino. El promedio de edad fue de 42,06años (DE=9,77). El 67,47% de los odontólogos presentó valores bajos de cansancio emocional. El 3,61% y el 66,27% obtuvieron niveles altos de despersonalización y realización personal, respectivamente. El 36,15% se hallaba en riesgo de padecer SB y el 1,20% presentó SB. CONCLUSIÓN: La baja frecuencia de SB hallada podría atribuirse a la sensación de optimismo, así como a las valoraciones laboral y económica favorables observadas, que servirían a los odontólogos de estímulo positivo para el desempeño de sus labores profesionales.

INTRODUCTION: Burnout Syndrome (BS) is the psychological dysfunction that appears as a consequence of an inadequate response to chronic work stress. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of Burnout Syndrome and to describe aspects of the personal and professional spheres in dentists working at the XVIII Sanitary Region (Asunción-Paraguay) of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare in 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was performed. Demographic and labor characteristics were recorded through a questionnaire. The SB was evaluated by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) in its spanish version. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 83 dentists, corresponding 92.77% of the same to the female sex. The average age found was 42.06 years (SD = 9.77). 67.47% of dentists presented low values of emotional exhaustion. 3.61% and 66.27% obtained high levels of depersonalization and personal fulfillment, respectively. 36.15% of the sample was at risk for BS and 1.20% had BS. CONCLUSION: The low frequency of SB found could be attributed to the feeling of optimism, as well as to the favorable labor and economic valuations observed, that would help dentists with positive stimulus to perform their professional duties.

Apuntes históricos sobre la presencia de la mujer en la Estomatología villaclareña / Historical notes on the presence of women in Villa Clara's Dentistry

Fundamento: la presencia de la mujer en la Estomatología a lo largo de la historia, no ha sido un hecho irreverente o casual; el presente estudio indaga al respecto por la ausencia de textos que refieran su contribución en la citada profesión. Objetivo: caracterizar la presencia de la mujer en el desarrollo de la Estomatología en Villa Clara. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, empleando métodos empíricos: análisis documental y entrevistas a gestores de la historia e informantes clave; teóricos: análisis- síntesis, hermenéutico-dialéctico e histórico-lógico, al estudiar la evolución histórica de la profesión y el papel de la mujer en dicho proceso. Resultados: se destaca la participación de las féminas villaclareñas que alcanzaron su título universitario en los siglos XIX y XX, por su relevante labor. Se resaltó la dimensión humanista de las mencionadas en el estudio, verdaderos paradigmas, en función de formar valores en los futuros profesionales. Conclusiones: la mujer ha estado presente en el decursar histórico de la carrera de Estomatología, desde su labor docente, asistencial, investigativa y gerencial. Villa Clara cuenta con profesionales que por sus aportes científicos han contribuido a su desarrollo, y por su dimensión ético moral, a la formación de valores en las nuevas generaciones.

Background: the presence of women in Dentistry throughout history has not been a fortuitous or irreverent fact. The present study investigates this issue because of the lack of literature referring their contribution to this profession. Objective: to characterize the presence of women in the development of Dentistry in Villa Clara. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted using empirical methods that included a documentary analysis and interviews with history promoters and key informants. The theoretical methods used included analysis-synthesis, hermeneutic-dialectical method and historical-logical method, studying the historical development of the profession and the role of women in the process. Results: the participation of Villa Clara's women who achieved their undergraduate degree in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries stands out for their outstanding work. The humanistic dimension of these women is highlighted in the study, as true paradigms, with the aim of forming values in future professionals. Conclusions: women have been in the course of the history of Dentistry undergraduate studies, in teaching, assistance, research and managerial activities. Villa Clara has professionals who, for their scientific contributions, have help toward its development, and for their ethical and moral dimension have contributed to the formation of values in the new generations.