Achados de fundoscopia de pacientes diabéticos e/ou hipertensos / Fundoscopy findings of diabetic and/or hipertensive patients

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de alterações na fundoscopia de pacientes portadores de Diabetes Mellitus (DM) e/ou Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) encaminhados ao Serviço de Referência de Oftalmologia, localizado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Patos, Paraíba (PB). Metodos: Estudo de caráter descritivo, transversal e com abordagem quantitativa, que envolveu um total de 22 pacientes. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário sobre a saúde ocular. Além disso, os integrantes da pesquisa participaram do teste da acuidade visual de Snellen e acuidade visual para perto, da medida da pressão intra-ocular e do exame da oftalmoscopia direta. Os que obtiveram pior acuidade visual foram conduzidos para a realização de retinografia. Os dados foram avaliados através de análises estatísticas utilizando o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS. Resultados: Do total de 22 pacientes, 11 foram submetidos ao exame de retinografia. Destes, 36,3 % eram apenas diabéticos; 27,4% eram apenas hipertensos e 36,3% eram diabéticos e hipertensos. As principais alterações encontradas foram retinopatia diabética, retinopatia hipertensiva, catarata, glaucoma, nevus de coroide, retinose pigmentar e estafiloma peripapilar. Conclusão: Percebe-se que DM e HAS tem grande impacto negativo sobre a saúde ocular. Para diminuir esse efeito nocivo é necessário que o exame de fundo de olho seja realizado anualmente com a finalidade de diagnosticar precocemente certas patologias e evitar complicações futuras, culminando em menores custos para o sistema de saúde e mais qualidade de vida para os pacientes.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the prevalence of alterations in funduscopy of patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and/or Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) referred to the Ophthalmology Reference Service, located in a Basic Health Unit of the city of Patos, Paraíba). Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, which involving a total of 22 patients. For data collection, a questionnaire on ocular health was used. In addition, the research members participated in the Snellen visual acuity test and visual acuity near, intraocular pressure measurement and direct ophthalmoscopy examination. Those who obtained worse visual acuity were conducted for retinography. The data were evaluated through statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS. Results: Of the total of 22 patients, 11 were submitted to retinography. Of these, 36.3% were diabetics only; 27.4% were hypertensive only and 36.3% were diabetic and hypertensive. The main alterations found were diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma, choroidal nevus, pigmentary retinitis and peripapillary staphyloma. Conclusion: It is noticed that DM and SAH have a great negative impact on ocular health. To reduce this harmful effect it is necessary that the fundus eye exam be performed annually for the purpose of early diagnosis of certain pathologies and avoid future complications, culminating in lower costs for the health system and more quality of life for patients.

Angiografía por tomografía de coherencia óptica: una nueva herramienta diagnóstica / Optical coherence tomography angiography: a new diagnostic tool

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre angiografía por tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT-A), sus principales características y potenciales usos como herramienta diagnostica en oftalmología. Diseño del estudio: Revisión de la literatura. Método: Búsqueda de la literatura electrónica en PUBMED, Scopus y Google Scholar. Conclusión: La tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) ha revolucionado el manejo tanto de la patología retiniana como el diagnóstico del glaucoma. La angiografía por OCT (OCT-A), es una técnica de no contacto, no invasiva que utiliza múltiples algoritmos para la detección del flujo sanguíneo permitiendo la visualización en alta resolución de imágenes angiográficas volumétricas de la retina. Esta revisión, resalta las características diferenciales existentes entre los distintos métodos de angiografía disponibles en la actualidad y realiza una revisión de la literatura disponible sobre sus aplicaciones como: retinopatía diabética (RD), degeneración macular relacionada con la edad (DMRE), oclusiones vasculares retinianas (OVR) y glaucoma.

Purpose: To perform a review of the available literature on angiography by optical coherence tomography (OCT-A) its main characteristics and potential uses as a diagnostic tool in ophthalmology. Study Design: Literature Review. Method: A literature search was made in PUBMED, Scopus and Google Scholar. Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has transformed the approach to diagnosis and management of retinal pathology and glaucoma. Recently this technology has also been the object of constant improvement, therefore OCT (OCT-A) angiography can now be performed, which is a noninvasive technique that uses multiple algorithms of fl ow detection allowing the visualization of volumetric images of the retina. The differential characteristics existing between the angiographic methods currently available are denoted below. A review of the available literature on the subject and its applications in ophthalmic pathologies of the retina such as: diabetic retinopathy (RD), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vascular occlusions (OVR), and glaucoma.

Achados oftalmológicos na doença de Gaucher tipo III: caso clínico / Ophthalmologic findings in Gaucher's disease type III: case report

Resumo Relata-se um caso de uma paciente com doença de Guacher tipo III, com mutação no Exon9, 1246G>A e 1251G>C, buscando investigar a suspeita de glaucoma, descrever os achados oftalmológicos, como acumulo de glicolipideo em região pré- retiniana e investigar a possível correlação com a diminuição da camada de fibras nervosas.

Abstract We report a case of a patient with Guacher's disease type III, with mutation in Exon9, 1246G> A and 1251G> C, seeking to investigate the suspected glaucoma, to describe the ophthalmological findings, as glycolipid accumulation in the pre-retinal region and to investigate The possible correlation with the decrease of the layer of nerve fibers.

Ophthalmic manifestations of haematological disorders / Manifestaciones oftálmicas de trastornos hematológicos

Five case histories are presented. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia caused bilateral central retinal vein occlusion, proptosis was the presenting feature of retro-orbital plasmacytoma in relapsed multiple myeloma, a red painful eye was due to neovascular glaucoma in primary polycythaemia, bilateral VIth nerve palsy caused convergent squint and diplopia in meningeal relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphoma of the eyelid caused complete ptosis. Interdisciplinary management is described. Ophthalmological lesions in haematological disease should be promptly recognized and managed. Collabo-ration between ophthalmology and haematology departments may be effective for palliative management.

Se presentan cinco historias de casos. La macroglobulinemia de Waldenström causó la obstrucción bilateral de la vena central de la retina; la proptosis fue la primera manifestación del plasmacitoma retro-orbital en la recaída del mieloma; un ojo enrojecido con dolor debido a un glaucoma neovascular en una policitemia primaria; la parálisis del 7mo nervio bilateral causó estrabismo convergente y diplopía en la recaída meníngea de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda; y un linfoma del párpado causó ptosis total. Se describe el tratamiento interdisciplinario. Es necesario reconocer y tratas lo antes posible las lesiones oftalmológicas en las enfermedades hematológicas. La colaboración entre los departamentos de oftalmología y hematología puede ser efectiva a la hora de buscar tratamientos paliativos.

The missing eyeball--CT evaluation (a case report).

A case of blow out fracture of the medial wall and floor of the orbit with herniation of the eyeball into the ethmoid sinus diagnosed on CT scan is reported. To the best of our knowledge there is no previous report of prolapse of eyeball into the ethmoid sinus.