Application of PRVEP Waveform Amplitude Ratio to Evaluate Visual Acuity and Its Forensic Significance / 法医学杂志

Objective To research the correlation between the visual acuity ratio and pattern reversal visual evoked potential （PRVEP） P100 waveform amplitude ratio of both eyes. Methods Forty-seven volunteers were selected, and the visual chart visual acuity of both eyes was measured. The visual acuity ratio of the eye with poor vision to the eye with better vision was calculated by five grade notation method. The amplitudes of P100 waveforms of both eyes were recorded respectively by using black-and-white checkerboard PRVEP and chosing 1°, 15' stimulating visual angle, and the ratio of amplitudes between the two eyes was also calculated. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the correlation between the visual acuity ratio and the ratio of P100 waveform amplitudes between the two eyes. Return test and linear regression analysis with the binocular ratio of P100 waveform amplitudes as the independent variable （x） and the binocular visual acuity ratio as the dependent variable （y） were made. Results There was a positive correlation between the binocular visual acuity ratio and the ratio of P100 waveform amplitudes under 15' stimulating visual angle （Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.62, P=0.000）. The fitting linear regression equation was y=0.090 x+0.846 （F=20.954, P=0.000）. There was no significant correlation between the binocular ratio of visual acuity and the binocular ratio of P100 waveform amplitudes under 1° stimulating visual angle （P>0.05）. Results of return test showed that there was no statistical significance in the difference between visual acuity estimated by equation and actual detected visual acuity. Conclusion In forensic appraisal of monocular injury, fitting linear regression equation of binocular visual acuity ratio and the binocular ratio of P100 waveform amplitudes under 15' stimulating visual angle, is helpful for visual acuity level estimation of the injured eye to some extent.

Dysfunction in the fellow eyes of strabismic and anisometropic amblyopic children assessed by visually evoked potentials / Alterações dos potenciais visuais evocados nos olhos contralaterais de crianças com ambliopia estrabísmica e anisometrópica

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate visual acuity and transient pattern reversal (PR) visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in the fellow eyes of children with strabismic and/or anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: Children diagnosed with strabismic and/or anisometropic amblyopia were recruited for electrophysiological assessment by VEPs. Monocular grating and optotype acuity were measured using sweep-VEPs and an Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart, respectively. During the same visit, transient PR-VEPs of each eye were recorded using stimuli subtending with a visual angle of 60', 15', and 7.5'. Parameters of amplitude (in μV) and latency (in ms) were determined from VEP recordings. Results: A group of 40 strabismic and/or anisometropic amblyopic children (22 females: 55%, mean age= 8.7 ± 2.2 years, median= 8 years) was examined. A control group of 19 healthy children (13 females: 68.4%, mean age= 8.2 ± 2.6 years, median= 8 years) was also included. The fellow eyes of all amblyopes had significantly worse optotype acuity (p=0.021) than the control group, regardless of whether they were strabismic (p=0.040) or anisometropic (p=0.048). Overall, grating acuity was significantly worse in the fellow eyes of amblyopes (p=0.016) than in healthy controls. Statistically prolonged latency for visual angles of 15' and 7.5' (p=0.018 and 0.002, respectively) was found in the strabismic group when compared with the control group. For the smaller visual stimulus (7.5'), statistically prolonged latency was found among all fellow eyes of amblyopic children (p<0.001). Conclusions: The fellow eyes of amblyopic children showed worse optotype and grating acuity, with subtle abnormalities in the PR-VEP detected as prolonged latencies for smaller size stimuli when compared with eyes of healthy children. These findings show the deleterious effects of amblyopia in several distinct visual functions, mainly those related to spatial vision.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a acuidade visual e os potenciais visuais evocados transientes por reversão de padrões no olho contralateral de crianças com ambliopia estrabísmica e/ou anisometrópica. Métodos: Foram avaliados os potenciais visuais evocados de crianças com ambliopia estrabísmica e/ou anisometrópica. As acuidades visuais monoculares de grades e de optotipos foram mensuradas utilizando o PVE de varredura e a tabela EDTRS, respectivamente. Na mesma visita, foram registrados os PVERP transients de cada olho usando estímulos de ângulo visual de 60'; 15' e 7,5'. Parâmetros de amplitude (em microvolts) e latência (em milissegundos) foram determinados para os registros dos potenciais visuais evocados. Resultados: Um grupo de 40 crianças amblíopes estrábicas e/ou anisometrópicas (22 meninas - 55%, media idade= 8,7 ± 2,2, mediana= 8) foi examinado. Um grupo de 19 crianças saudáveis (13 meninas 68,4%, media idade= 8,2 ± 2,6, mediana= 8) de controle também foi incluído. A acuidade visual por optotipos foi significativamente pior (p=0,021) nos olhos contralaterais de todos os amblíopes, quando comparado com o grupo controle, independentemente se estrábico (p=0,040) ou anisometrópico (p=0,048). No geral, a acuidade visual por grades foi significativamente pior nos olhos contralaterais dos amblíopes (p=0,016), quando comparados com o grupo controle. Foi encontrada latência estatisticamente prolongada para ângulos visuais de 15' (p=0,018) e 7,5' (p=0,002) no grupo estrábico, quando comparado com o grupo controle. Para o menor estímulo visual (7,5') foi encontrada latência estatisticamente prolongada nos olhos contralaterais de todas crianças amblíopes (p<0,001). Conclusões: Os olhos contralaterais de crianças amblíopes mostraram pior acuidade visual de optotipo e de resolução de grades, com alterações sutis nos PVERP, detectadas pelas latências prolongadas para estímulos de menor tamanho, quando comparados com os olhos de crianças saudáveis. Estes resultados mostram os efeitos deletérios da ambliopia em várias funções visuais distintas, principalmente relacionadas à visão espacial.

The eye-tracking of social stimuli in patients with Rett syndrome and autism spectrum disorders: a pilot study / Rastreamento do olhar para estímulos sociais em pacientes com síndrome de Rett e transtornos do espectro do autismo: estudo piloto

Objective To compare visual fixation at social stimuli in Rett syndrome (RT) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) patients. Method Visual fixation at social stimuli was analyzed in 14 RS female patients (age range 4-30 years), 11 ASD male patients (age range 4-20 years), and 17 children with typical development (TD). Patients were exposed to three different pictures (two of human faces and one with social and non-social stimuli) presented for 8 seconds each on the screen of a computer attached to an eye-tracker equipment. Results Percentage of visual fixation at social stimuli was significantly higher in the RS group compared to ASD and even to TD groups. Conclusion Visual fixation at social stimuli seems to be one more endophenotype making RS to be very different from ASD. .

Objetivo Comparar a fixação visual em estímulos sociais em pacientes com síndrome de Rett (SR) e com transtornos do espectro do autismo (TEA). Método Fixação visual em estímulos sociais foi analisada em 14 pacientes do sexo feminino com SR (idades entre 4 e 30 anos), 11 pacientes do sexo masculino com TEA (idades entre 4 e 20 anos), e 17 crianças do sexo feminino com desenvolvimento típico (DT). Os participantes foram expostos a três figuras diferentes (duas figuras de faces humanas e uma figura contendo estímulo social e não social) apresentadas por 8 segundos cada uma no monitor de um computador acoplado a um equipamento de rastreamento de olhar. Resultados A porcentagem de fixação visual em estímulos sociais foi significativamente maior no grupo SR do que no grupo TEA e mesmo no grupo DT. Conclusão A fixação visual em estímulos sociais parece ser mais um dos endofenótipos que esclarecem as diferenças entre SR e TEA. .

Ocular manifestation, complications and aetiological factors in Stevens Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis

To describe the ocular manifestations of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrosis among inpatients at a tertiary care hospital. The retrospective observational descriptive study was carried out at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data on age, gender, aetiology and ocular findings related to patients diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrosis between January 2000 and December 2011. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis. There were 87 patients; 48[55.2%] of them being males. The overall mean age was 33.2 +/- 22.2 years, ranging from 1 month to 84 years. The most common aetiology was idiopathic 20[23%] followed by non-steroidal inflammatory drugs and anti-epileptics 11[12.6%] each. Besides, 84[96.6%] patients had oral mucosal involvement whereas 45[51.7%] had ocular and 27[31.0%] had genital-mucosal involvement. Glassroding was performed in 16[18.4%] patients due to minor conjunctival adhesions. Ocular manifestations of varying severity were frequent, with drugs being the most common aetiology

Modificaciones del segmento anterior ocular posterior a iridotomía láser periférica mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica / Modifications of posterior ocular anterior segment with peripheral laser iridotomy

OBJETIVO: Evaluar los cambios a corto plazo en el segmento anterior ocular pos-iridotomía láser periférica, mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica de segmento anterior. MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo de serie de casos en 30 pacientes (46 ojos) con sospecha de cierre angular primario. Las imágenes fueron tomadas con el equipo SL-OCT Heidelberg Engineering en el preoperatorio y a los 7 días posoperatorios. Se evaluaron variables relacionadas con mensuraciones de las estructuras del segmento anterior. RESULTADOS: Las mensuraciones de cada cuadrante fueron similares en el preoperatorio mientras en el posoperatorio hubo diferencias significativas en todas las variables a expensas de los cuadrantes nasal e inferior, excepto para la distancia iris-espolón (p = 0,926) y distancia de apertura angular a 750 Ám (p = 0,069). Los cambios posláser fueron significativos en todas las variables relacionadas con mensuraciones angulares (p = 0,000), volumen de cámara anterior (p = 0 000) y profundidad central de cámara anterior (p =0,011). La amplitud angular se incrementó como promedio en 8,7 ±,5,9 grados pos-láser y se correlacionó negativamente con las variables preoperatorias distancia iris-espolón (p =0,007), distancia de apertura angular a 500 Ám (p = 0,031), área del espacio irido-trabecular a 500 Ám (p = 0,003) y 750 Ám (p =0,026). Al comparar los cambios pos-operatorios entre ojos adelfos las diferencias no fueron significativas. CONCLUSIÓN: La iridotomía láser es efectiva en incrementar la amplitud angular, asociándose a incremento en el volumen y profundidad central de la cámara anterior en la sospecha de cierre angular primario

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate post-laser peripheral iridotomy variations of anterior ocular segment by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. METHOD: Prospective observational case series in 30 patients (46 eyes) diagnosed with primary angle- closure suspect. The tomography was obtained pre-operative and at seven days post-operative by SL-OCT Heidelberg Engineering. Quantitative variables related to anterior segment structures were analyzed before and after the laser peripheral iridotomy treatment. RESULTS: There were no pre-operative statistical differences between quadrants. In the pos-op period all variables showed significant differences particularly at inferior and nasal quadrant, except for iris-scleral spur distance (p=0.926) and angle opening distance at 750Ám (p=0.069). Pos-laser changes were significant for variables related to the angle (p=0.000), anterior chamber volume (p=0.000), and anterior chamber depth (p=0.011). The average increase in post-laser anterior chamber angle was 8.7±5.9 degrees and it was correlated negatively to pre-operative iris-scleral spur distance (p=0.007), angle opening distance at 500Ám (p=0.031), trabecular-iris space area at 500 Ám (p=0.003), and 750Ám (p= 0.026). Inter-eye differences were non significant for post-operative changes. CONCLUSION: Laser iridotomy is effective to increase the anterior chamber angle, and it is associated with the increase in anterior chamber volume and central depth in primary angle- closure suspect

Evaluation of the Perkins handheld applanation tonometer in horses and cattle

The objective of this study was to evaluate and validate the accuracy of the Perkins handheld applanation tonometer for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in horses and cattle. Both eyes of 10 adult horses and cattle were evaluated in a postmortem study. The eyes from 10 clinically normal adult horses and cattle were also examined after bilateral auriculopalpebral nerve block and topical anesthesia for an in vivo study. IOP was measured postmortem using direct manometry (measured with an aneroid manometer) and tonometry (measured with a Perkins handheld applanation tonometer). The correlation coefficients (r2 ) for the data from the postmortem manometry and Perkins tonometer study were 0.866 for horses and 0.864 for cattle. In the in vivo study, IOP in horses was 25.1 +/- 2.9 mmHg (range 19.0~30.0 mmHg) as measured by manometry and 23.4 +/- 3.2 mmHg (range 18.6~28.4 mmHg) according to tonometry. In cattle, IOP was found to be 19.7 +/- 1.2 mmHg (range 18.0~22.0 mmHg) by manometry and 18.8 +/- 1.7 mmHg (range 15.9~20.8 mmHg) by tonometry. There was a strong correlation between the IOP values obtained by direct ocular manometry and the tonometer in both horses and cattle. Our results demonstrate that the Perkins handheld tonometer could be an additional tool for accurately measuring IOP in equine and bovine eyes.

Analysis of forensic identification of traumatic macular hole in 16 cases / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze and summarize the characteristics of traumatic macular hole and to discuss the key points and matters need attention in forensic identification.@*METHODS@#Sixteen cases of traumatic macular hole were collected from Forensic Science Identification Center of China Medical University from 2004 to 2009 and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#All of the 16 cases resulted from closed ocular contusion. Traumatic macular hole was more common in young men and may occur immediately after injury or after a certain interval. Six months after injury, there was a spontaneous closure of macular hole in 2 cases and the vision of the injured in 12 cases improved to different degrees. According to the degree of vision dysfunction, 12 cases were identified as slight injury, 4 cases were identified as severe injury.@*CONCLUSION@#Traumatic macular hole has its characteristics. Its injury degree is all slight or severe injury. The time of identification should be within 3-6 months.

Twenty-four-hour repeatability of diurnal intraocular pressure patterns in glaucomatous and ocular hypertensive individuals

OBJECTIVE: To verify the 24-hour repeatability of diurnal intraocular pressure patterns in glaucomatous and ocular hypertensive individuals. METHODS: A prospective analysis of 88 eyes from 88 ocular hypertensive or open-angle glaucoma patients was conducted on diurnal tension curves obtained by the same examiner on two consecutive days. The intraclass correlation coefficient test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Eighty-eight eyes from 88 patients were analyzed. Fifty-seven patients (64.8 percent) were female. The mean age of all participants was 68.7 (SD 10.8, range 51-79) years. The intraclass correlation coefficient values for measurements at 8 AM, 11 AM, 2 PM, and 4 PM were 0.80, 0.82, 0.83, and 0.86, respectively (all intraclass correlation coefficient values, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Diurnal intraocular pressure data collected on a single day characterize the diurnal intraocular pressure variability over 24 hours in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertensive patients.

Metástasis coroidea como primera manifestación de recaída sistémica en el cáncer de mama / Choroid metastases are a first manifestation of system relapse in breast cancer

La metástasis coroidea es una entidad poco frecuente y está asociada usualmente a un mal pronóstico, siendo el cáncer de mama su principal causa. Se presenta el caso de un paciente femenino de 47 años de edad con antecedente de cáncer de mama estadio IIIA diagnosticado y tratado en 1998, permaneciendo libre de enfermedad locorregional y a distancia hasta julio de 2005 cuando presenta disminución de la agudeza visual basados en los test clínicos se le diagnosticó metástasis coroidea en ojo derecho. Inicia tratamiento local y sistémico con evolución satisfactoria y remisión completa de la lesión corroborada por estudios complementarios.

The choroid metastasis, are not frequent in intraocular malignant tumors, the breast cancer, is the primary tumor more frequently responsible for ocular metastases. These reports describe a feminine 47 years old diagnosed with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of her right breast classified how state III. A treated in 1998, she was free of disease until July of 2005, she complained of diminished visual acuity of her right eye. Based on the clinical and test outcomes the following diagnosis was reached: Choroid metastasis in the right eye, from a known primary tumor. The patient started treatment local and systemically chemotherapy with excellent response.

The relationship between eyeball structure and visual acuity in high myopia / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between eyeball structure and visual acuity in high myopia.@*METHODS@#Totally, 152 people (283 eyeballs) with different levels of myopia were tested for visual acuity, axial length, and fundus. All cases were classified according to diopter, axial length, and fundus. The relationships between diopter, axial length, fundus and visual acuity were studied. The mathematical models were established for visual acuity and eyeball structure markers.@*RESULTS@#The visual acuity showed a moderate correlation with fundus class, comus, axial length and diopter ([r] > 0.4, P < 0.000 1). The visual acuity in people with the axial length longer than 30.00 mm, diopter above -20.00 D and fundus in 4th class were mostly below 0.5. The mathematical models were established by visual acuity and eyeball structure markers.@*CONCLUSION@#The visual acuity should decline with axial length extension, diopter deepening and pathological deterioration of fundus. To detect the structure changes by combining different kinds of objective methods can help to assess and to judge the vision in high myopia.

Diabetic retinopathy, visual impairment and ocular status among patients with diabetes mellitus in Yemen: A hospital-based study.

Background: We present a series of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who attended an eye hospital in Sana, Yemen during 2004. Aim: To determine the magnitude and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Design: Cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Ophthalmologists assessed vision, ocular pressure, ocular media and posterior segment to note ocular manifestations among patients with DM. DR was graded by using bio-microscope and Volk lens. The prevalence and 95% confidence interval of ocular complications of DM were calculated. Risk factors of DR like age, sex, duration of diabetes and hypertension were evaluated. Statistical Analysis: Univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Our series comprised 350 patients suffering from DM. The duration of diabetes was ≥15 years in 101 (29%) patients. Physician was treating 108 DM patients with insulin. The prevalence of DR was 55% (95% CI 49.6–60.1). The proportions of background diabetic retinopathy (BDR), preproliferative diabetic retinopathy (PPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema were 20%, 13%, 17% and 22% respectively. The prevalence of blindness among DM patients was 16%. The prevalence of cataract and glaucoma was 34.3% and 8.6%. Duration of DM was the predictor of DR. One-fifth of the patients had sight-threatening DR and needed laser treatment. Conclusions: DR was of public health magnitude among our patients. An organized approach is recommended to address DR in the study area.

Mudanças oculares durante a gestação / Ocular changes during pregnancy

A gestação pode causar várias alterações no funcionamento do olho humano, tanto nas condições sistêmicas quanto em doenças oculares, sendo seus efeitos divididos em três categorias: alterações fisiológicas, mudanças em doenças oculares pré-existentes e alterações patológicas. O presente texto propõe uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema. Os autores pesquisaram os bancos de dados do PubMed (MEDLINE) e LILACS.

Pregnancy can cause several alterations in human eye function in healthy condition as well in ocular disease; these effects on the eyes are divided into three categories: physiologic alterations, ocular diseases changes already existing before the pregnancy, and pathological alterations. The present text proposes a bibliographical revision on the theme. The authors researched PubMed (MEDLINE) and LILACS databases.

Eyeball structure changes in high myopic patients and their significance for forensic assessment / 法医学杂志

There are irreversible eyeball structural changes in high myopic patients. These changes include axial length, corneal radius, anterior chamber depth, fundus degeneration, macula thickness, etc. There is a close relationship between the damage degree of visual function and these changes. The incidence of complications, such as vitreous opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, cataract, glaucoma, posterior staphyloma and retina detachment, is also highly related to the myopia diopter. More and more researches have indicated that the myopia diopter and the level of visual function are affected by multiple factors. It is promising to detect all of these changes by different kinds of methods, and to assess visual function through these changes. By clarifying these changes, it is also useful to distinguish traumatic damage from disease to provide evidence for forensic assessment of eye injuries.

Behcet's disease: an assessment of cutaneous, ocular and articular characteristics in the south of Jordan

To determine the spectrum and the frequency of skin, eye and joint manifestation in patients with Behcet's Disease in the southern parts of Jordan. Twenty three patients diagnosed to have Behcet's Disease were included in the study. The diagnosis was based on the criteria proposed by the International Study Group of Behcet's Disease. In order to detect the various cutaneous, ocular and articular manifestations of the disease, all patients were thoroughly evaluated by a dermatologist, an ophthalmologist, and a rheumatologist. Pathergy test was performed for all patients. Fifteen patients were males [65.1%] and eight were females [34.8%]. The mean age was 32.5 years Oral ulcers were detected in all the patients and genital ulcers were found in 56.5% of the patients. Other skin lesions were detected in 56.5% of the patients. Ocular lesions occurred in 60.8% of the patients. Joint involvement was found in 43.4% of the patients. The pattern of cutaneous, ophthalmic and articular manifestation in our group of patients was different from patterns reported in countries with different races and similar to patterns in neighboring countries. The results may reflect the effect of differences in both the genetic background and environmental factors among different countries

Mucocele frontal lateral, tratamiento combinado endoscópico y externo: caso clínico / Frontal lateral mucocele, combined endoscopic and external treatment: clinical case

El mucocele frontal es la ubicación más frecuente de los mucoceles de senos paranasales, sin embargo aún no hay consenso respecto a la técnica quirúrgica adecuada para su tratamiento. El presente trabajo muestra un caso clínico de un mucocele frontal lateralizado, que desplaza el globo ocular y lóbulo cerebral frontal. Se muestra la técnica quirúrgica empleada (vía externa combinada con vía endoscópica). Se exponen las distintas técnicas de imagenología diagnóstica y técnicas computacionales que ayudan en el procedimiento quirúrgico.

Ocular disorders in renal transplant patients

To evaluate patients with renal transplantation for abnormal ocular findings and to determine the association of these findings with pretreatment dialysis duration, immunosuppressive regimen and underlying disease causing renal failure. This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 patients who had undergone kidney transplantation for at least three months and with serum creatinin < 3 mg/dl. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy and dilated funduscopy. This study included 91 male and 59 female subjects with mean age of 39 years. No abnormal ocular findings was found in 10.7%; there was at least one ocular disorder in 89.3% including visual acuity

Ocular complications of brucellosis: a case report

A 21 -year-old female was referred for severe bilateral visual loss 3 weeks after a diagnosis of brucellosis. On ocular examination she had bilateral optic nerve head swelling, preretinal hemorrhages and retinal vasculitis. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral optic neuritis secondary to brucellosis and developed optic atrophy and severe visual loss despite medical treatment. Brucellosis can lead to various types of ocular involvement including vasculitis, optic neuritis and retinal hemorrhage

Clinical survey of ocular findings in patients with grave's disease

Grave's disease is an autoimmune process manifested by three hallmarks: hyper-thyroidism with diffuse goiter, ophthalmopathy and dermopathy. This disease usually occurs with hyper thyroidism; although the may be euthyroidism. To evaluate the ophthalmic lesion in patients with grave's disease according to sex, age, and the duration of the illness as well as the treatment. Ninety five patients [62% females and 38% males] with grave's disease were included in this study. The subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and the results were recorded. The elevation of IOP and chemosis were significantly higher in males than in females. The prevalence of ophthalmopathy was 60%, and most common ophthalmic signs were proptosis and lid retraction. Eyes lesions were more frequent among 50-70 years old patients. In addition, chemosis, periorbital edema, corneal sensitivity secondary to dry eye, convergence insufficiency, diplopia and proptosis were positively correlated with age. Initially, ophthalmic complains were only given by 15% of the subjects. Lid retraction was decreased with prolonged duration of disease whereas chemosis, conjunctival congestion, and extra-ocular muscle enlargements were increased. Grave's ophthalmopathy was found mostly in males and proptosis with lid retractions were the most important signs of the disease.

Orbital fat prolapse in a Persian cat. Case report

Relata-se o caso de um gato da raça Persa, com dois anos e oito meses de idade, apresentando histórico de secreção ocular crônica bilateral. Ao exame oftálmico rotineiro, observou-se epifora, secreção ocular mucosidade bilateral e aumento de volume na conjuntiva bulbar, no quadrante dorsolateral, do olho direito. A punção por biopsia aspirativa da lesão do quadrante dorsolateral do olho direito demonstrou tratar-se de acúmulo de tecido adiposo, factível com prolapso de gordura orbitária.

[Ocular complications inspirational and haemodialysis]

In this work, we consider the results of a study carried out in our unit about 65 dialysed chronic renal failure patients. The work is based on the study of medical records and the results of ophtalmoscopic examination and phosphocalcic balance evaluation. Ocular manifestations and their relation with initial nephropathy, dialysis and phosphocalcic disturbances are described The following alterations were observed: corneo conjunctival deposits [60%], cataract [26%], hypertensive retinopathy in 21[68%] cases among 31 [48%] who suffered from hypertension hypertensive choroidopathy in one case, vascular thrombosis in one case, diabetic retinopathy in all patients ['7] with diabetes