Impact of testicular sperm extraction and testicular sperm aspiration on gonadal function in an experimental rat model

ABSTRACT Purpose To assess the impact of sperm retrieval on the gonadal function of rats with impaired spermatogenesis by comparing testicular sperm extraction (TESE) to aspiration (TESA). The efficacy of these procedures to sperm obtainment was also compared. Materials and Methods A pilot study showed impaired spermatogenesis, but normal testosterone (T) production after a bilateral orchidopexy applied to 26 rats, which were randomly assigned into four groups: TESE (n=7), TESA (n=7), SHAM (n=6) and Control (n=6). The T levels were measured through comparative analysis after the orchidopexy. Results There was no statistical difference in the animal's baseline T levels after orchidopexy in comparison to the controls: the TESE and TESA groups, 6.66±4.67ng/mL; the SHAM group (orchidopexy only), 4.99±1.96ng/mL; and the Control, 4.75±1.45ng/mL, p=0.27. Accordingly, no difference was found in the postoperative T levels: TESE, 5.35±4.65ng/mL; TESA, 3.96±0.80ng/mL; SHAM, 3.70±1.27ng/mL; p=0.4. The number of sperm cells found through TESE (41.0±7.0) was significantly larger than that found through TESA (21.3±8.1, p=0.001). Moreover, higher tissue weight was found through TESE (0.09±0.02g versus 0.04±0.04g, p=0.04). Conclusions The testicular sperm capture performed in rats through extraction or aspiration, after orchidopexy, did not significantly decrease the T levels. The amount of sperm found through testicular sperm extraction was higher than that through testicular sperm aspiration.

Surgical correction of ectopic penis and scrotum associated with bilateral orchidopexy / Correção cirúrgica de pênis e escroto ectópicos associada à orquidopexia bilateral

ABSTRACT Ectopic penis is usually associated with penoscrotal transposition, and it is rarely observed in isolation. We report a surgical approach for an extremely rare case. A 10-year-old male patient with bilateral cryptorchidism and ectopic penis and scrotum in perineal area, with no penoscrotal transposition, representing an association not yet described in literature. A previous orchiopexy failed due to ectopic scrotum. By means of an inverted Y incision, the penis was mobilized and a perineal skin flap in form of a testicular sac was prepared. Finally orchiopexy was performed. The surgery was essential to treat cryptorchidism and to improve the self-image of the patient.

RESUMO O pênis ectópico geralmente ocorre associado à transposição peno-escrotal, sendo raro isoladamente. Relatamos uma abordagem cirúrgica para um caso extremamente raro. Tratava-se de paciente do sexo masculino, 10 anos, com criptorquidia bilateral e pênis e escroto ectópicos, na região perineal, sem transposição peno-escrotal, representando uma associação ainda não descrita na literatura. Orquidopexia prévia sem sucesso, devido à ectopia do escroto. Por meio de uma incisão em Y invertido, mobilizou-se o pênis e preparou-se um retalho da pele perineal em forma de bolsa testicular. Por fim, realizou-se a orquidopexia. A cirurgia foi fundamental para tratar a criptorquidia e promover ganho na autoimagem do paciente.

Single scrotal incision orchiopexy - a systematic review

Objective To conduct a systematic review on single scrotal incision orchiopexy. Materials and Methods: A search was performed using Pubmed, through which 16 articles were selected out of a total of 133. The following conditions were considered exclusion criteria: other surgical methods such as an inguinal procedure or a laparoscopic approach, retractile testes, or patients with previous testicular or inguinal surgery. Results A total of 1558 orchiopexy surgeries initiated with a transcrotal incision were analyzed. Patients' ages ranged between 5 months and 21 years. Thirteen studies used high scrotal incisions, and low scrotal incisions were performed in the remainder of the studies. In 55 cases (3.53%), there was a need for inguinal incision. Recurrence was observed in 9 cases, testicular atrophy in 3, testicular hypotrophy in 2, and surgical site infections in 13 cases. High efficacy rates were observed, varying between 88% and 100%. Conclusions Single scrotal incision orchiopexy proved to be an effective technique and is associated with low rates of complications. .

Laparoscopic orchiopexy for high intra abdominal undescended testis, one stage or two stages fowler-stephens orchiopexy; a comparative study

Laparoscopic management of the high intra abdominal testis is still a matter of controversy. Laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy [FSO] is performed either by one stage [laparoscopic clipping and division of the spermatic vessel and proceed for orchiopexy at the same time] or by two stages FSO [laparoscopic clipping and division of the spermatic vessel only and performing laparoscopic release of the testis along with orchiopexy 3-6 months later]. To study the outcome of Laparoscopic one stage and two stages FSO for the management of high intra abdominal testes. A prospective comparative clinical Study included 25 patients [21 unilateral and 4 bilateral non palpable abdominal testes, 29 testes in total] and laparoscopic surgical procedures [One stage FSO was done for 18 testicles and Two stages FSO was done for 11 testicles] were performed at the urology department, Medical city complex, Iraq, during the period between December 2010 and March 2013. Their mean age was 3.2 years. The comparative criteria include; Time of surgery, postoperative complications, testicular position, and testicular viability. Testicular Doppler study revealed four atrophied testes of one stage F.S.O. [22.2%], two atrophied testes among two stages FSO group [18%], this difference was statistically non significant. The difference in the proper scrotal position also was not significant. The operative time difference was significant between both groups [86.6 +/- 10.1 min. for one stage vs 122.7 +/- 13.5 min. for two stages FSO]. One-stage FSO avoids repeated anesthesia and the potential for extensive, sometimes tedious, dissection that is occasionally required during re operation, and shorter operative time, making it more optimal than two stages FSO