Osteosarcopenia and trabecular bone score in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of osteosarcopenia and the association of osteosarcopenia with trabecular bone score (TBS) in a group of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DMG) compared with a paired control group (CG). Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with men and women ≥ 50 years recruited by convenience. Patients in both groups answered questionnaires and underwent evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD), handgrip strength (HGS), and TBS. The T2DMG also underwent a gait speed (GS) test. Sarcopenia was defined as low lean mass plus low HGS or GS according to the Foundation for the National Institute of Health Sarcopenia Project, and osteosarcopenia was deemed present when sarcopenia was associated with osteopenia, osteoporosis, or low-energy trauma fractures. Results: The T2DMG (n = 177) and CG (n = 146) had, respectively, mean ages of 65.1 ± 8.2 years and 68.8 ± 11.0 years and 114 (64.4%) and 80 (54.7%) women. T2DMG versus the CG had higher rates of osteosarcopenia (11.9% versus 2.14%, respectively, p = 0.010), sarcopenia (12.9% versus 5.4%, respectively, p < 0.030), and fractures (29.9% versus 18.5%, respectively, p = 0.019), and lower HGS values (24.4 ± 10.3 kg versus 30.9 ± 9.15 kg, respectively, p < 0.001), but comparable BMD values. Mean TBS values were 1.272 ± 0.11 and 1.320 ± 0.12, respectively (p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, age, greater waist circumference, fractures, and osteoporosis increased the risk of degraded TBS. Osteosarcopenia was associated with diabetes complications (p = 0.03), calcium and vitamin D supplementation (p = 0.01), and all components of osteosarcopenia diagnosis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with the CG, the T2DMG had a higher prevalence of osteosarcopenia, sarcopenia, and fractures and lower bone quality assessed by TBS.

Prediction Method of Elastic Modulus of Trabecular Bone Based on SE-DenseVoxNet / 中国医疗器械杂志

Osteoporosis is one of the common metabolic diseases, which can easily lead to osteoporotic fractures. Accurate prediction of bone biomechanical properties is of great significance for the early prevention and diagnosis of osteoporosis. Bone mineral density measurement is currently used clinically as the gold standard for assessing bone strength and diagnosing osteoporosis, but studies have shown that bone mineral density can only explain 60% to 70% of bone strength changes, and trabecular bone microstructure is an important factor affecting bone strength. In order to establish the connection between trabecular bone microstructure and bone strength, this paper proposes a prediction method of trabecular bone modulus based on SE-DenseVoxNet. This method takes three-dimensional binary images of trabecular bone as input and predicts its elastic modulus in the z-axis direction. Experiments show that the error and bias between the predicted value of the method and the true value of the sample are small and have good consistency.

Calidad ósea en poblaciones contemporáneas. Análisis de la estructura trabecular calcánea en una muestra esqueletal / Bone Quality in Contem porary Populations. Calcaneal Trabecular Structure Analysis in a Skeletal Sample

Resumen Objetivo: La osteoporosis es una condición de relevancia a nivel epidemiológico en Argentina, así como en el resto del mundo. Si bien actualmente la herramienta diagnóstica más relevante es la densitometría ósea, los análisis radiológicos pueden aportar información, principalmente en lo referente a la calidad ósea. En ese sentido, nos proponemos evaluar la estructura trabecular calcánea de una población local. Métodos: El material para dicho estudio consistió en 91 calcáneos de esqueletos pertenecientes a una muestra esqueletal. Fueron analizados individuos adultos, de ambos sexos, mediante imágenes radiográficas, a fin de clasificar su estructura trabecular de acuerdo al índice propuesto por Jhamaria y col., en una escala de V (normal) a I (osteoporosis severa). Resultados: Las prevalencias estimadas fueron de 23,1% de osteoporosis (fases I y II), 16,5% de borderline (fase III) y 48,4% se clasificó como estructura trabecular normal (fases IV y V). En relación a la edad de los individuos, se encontró una correlación significativa negativa entre ella y la pérdida trabecular (tau-b = -0,524, p = 0,00). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la afección dimórfica de la patología. Discusión: La relación entre envejecimiento y osteoporosis hallada es coincidente con estudios nacionales e internacionales que reconocen una disminución en la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y una mala calidad ósea en individuos adultos mayores. La ausencia de afección dimórfica podría deberse a la edad promedio de la muestra, sumada a la posible resistencia de la estructura esponjosa del calcáneo a los cambios generados por el déficit estrogénico en las mujeres, característica de la osteoporosis tipo I. Conclusión: Creemos que es necesario revalorizar el análisis óseo por medio de radiografías, puesto que pueden ser de utilidad tanto en la clínica como en la investigación básica, debido a la mayor disponibilidad de equipos y a que posibilitan el análisis de otras propiedades del tejido óseo.

Abstract Objective: Osteoporosis is an important condition in an epidemiologic level in Argentina as in the rest of the world. Even though nowadays the most relevant diagnostic technique is bone densitometry, radiological studies can provide useful information, mainly in relation to bone quality. For this purpose, we aim to evaluate the calcaneus trabecular structure in a contemporary local population. Methods: The sample for this study consisted of 91 calcaneus from skeletons belonging to the skeletal repository. Adult individuals from both sexes were analyzed, to classify their trabecular structure according to the index proposed by Jhamaria et al., on a scale of V (normal) to I (severe osteoporosis). Results: The estimated prevalence were 23,1% of osteoporosis (phase I and II), 16,5% of borderline (phase III) and 48,4% were classified as normal trabecular structure (phase IV and V). In relation to the age of the individuals, a significant negative correlation was found between the first and the trabecular loss (tau-b = -0.524, p = 0.00). No significant differences were found in relation to the sex prevalence of this pathology. Discussion: The association found between aging and osteoporosis matches with the results of national and international studies that recognize that a decrease in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and a bad bone quality in older adults. Absence of differences between sexes in this condition could be due to age average of the sample, added to the possible resistance of the calcaneus spongy structure to changes generated by estrogen deficit in women, characteristic of osteoporosis type I. Conclusion: We believe that it is necessary to revalue bone analysis by radiographic means, since they can be of use both in clinic and in basic research, due to a greater equipment availability and because they allow the analysis of other properties of bone tissue.

Prevalence of horizontal alveolar changes in edentulous patients: a retrospective tomographic study

Abstract Horizontal bone loss after tooth extraction is a common finding that demands bone reconstruction in various cases. The aim of this study was to assess the horizontal alveolar status in partially and completely edentulous patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In total, 1516 CBCT scans of 1404 adult patients were analyzed. Assessment of the images was performed in accordance with the previously published horizontal alveolar change (HAC) classification, which categorizes horizontal bone defects into four classes: HAC 1, HAC 2, HAC 3 and HAC 4 (from the least severe to the most severe condition). Analysis of 1048 scans from partially edentulous patients presented a distribution of 63.55%, 22.14%, 13.36% and 0.95% in HAC 1, HAC 2, HAC 3 and HAC 4, respectively. Analysis of 468 scans from completely edentulous patient images presented a distribution of 19.87%, 28.63%, 41.67% and 9.83% in HAC 1, HAC 2, HAC 3 and HAC 4, respectively. Based on these results, as in HAC 4, no cancellous bone was found between the cortical buccal and lingual/palatal bone plates, it seems reasonable to state that the absence of cancellous bone is higher in completely edentulous patients than in partially edentulous patients. Therefore, the absence of cancellous bone seems to be higher in completely edentulous than in partially edentulous patients.