A Brazilian family with hereditary inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia

Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) is a progressive and usually misdiagnosed autosomal dominant disorder. It is clinically characterized by a triad of features: proximal and distal myopathy, early onset Paget disease of bone (PDB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It is caused by missense mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene. We describe here the clinical and molecular findings of the first Brazilian family identified with IBMPFD. Progressive myopathy affecting the limb girdles was detected by clinical examination followed by muscle biopsy and creatine kinase measurement. PDB was suggested after anatomopathological bone examination and FTD was diagnosed by clinical, neuropsychological and language evaluations. Brain magnetic resonance revealed severe atrophy of the anterior temporal lobes, including the hippocampi. A R93C mutation in VCP was detected by direct sequencing screening in subject W (age 62) and in his mother. Four more individuals diagnosed with "dementia" were reported in this family. We also present a comprehensive genotype-phenotype correlation analysis of mutations in VCP in 182 patients from 29 families described in the literature and show that while IBM is a conspicuously penetrant symptom, PDB has a lower penetrance when associated with mutations in the AAAD1 domain and FTD has a lower penetrance when associated with mutations in the Junction (L1-D1) domain. Furthermore, the R93C mutation is likely to be associated with the penetrance of all the clinical symptoms of the triad.

Tratamento da doença de Paget óssea: importância do ácido zoledrônico / Treatment of Paget's disease of bone: importance of the zoledronic acid / Treatment of Paget's disease of bone: importance of the zoledronic acid

A doença de Paget é uma doença esquelética, de distribuição monostótica ou poliostótica, podendo ser causada por uma infecção viral e/ou fatores genéticos. É caracterizada por um aumento da remodelação óssea, resultando em anormalidade da arquitetura óssea. A excessiva reabsorção óssea osteoclástica, seguida secundariamente de aumento da atividade osteoblástica, leva à substituição do osso normal por osso desorganizado, aumentado, e com estrutura enfraquecida, propensa a deformidades e fraturas. A doença de Paget pode ser diagnosticada através de exames radiológicos, cintilografia e exames bioquímicos. O objetivo primário do tratamento é reduzir a dor e o risco do aparecimento das complicações a longo prazo. Atualmente dispõe-se de drogas anti-reabsortivas potentes, as quais controlam a reabsorção óssea e proporcionam uma grande melhora no tratamento. O ácido zoledrônico, um bisfosfonato de última geração, tem a vantagem de maior potência e remissão mais prolongada, além de um tempo de infusão curto.

Paget's disease is a localised monostotic or polyostotic bone disease of unknown origin. It may be caused by a slow viral infection and/or genetic factors. It is characterised by increased bone remodelling and an initially excessive osteoclastic bone resorption, followed by a secondary increase in osteoblastic activity, leading to replacement of the normal bone by a disorganized, enlarged, and weakened osseous structure prone to deformities and fractures. The disease may be diagnosed by radiography, scintigraphy and biochemical tests. The primary aim of treatment is to reduce pain and risk of developing long-term complications. Potent antiresorptive drugs are now available, which control the increased bone remodelling and have led to a dramatic improvement in treatment. Zoledronic acid, a new generation of bisphosphonates, has the advantage of great potency and long duration of remission and a short infusion time.