Evaluation of bone alterations in the jaws of HIV-infected menopausal women

The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has caused a reduction in mortality, thus contributing to an increase in the number of women with HIVࢧAIDS who reach the climacteric period, experience decline in ovarian function, and develop complications of viral infection and HAART, which can accelerate bone loss. The aim of this study was to detect possible alterations in the jaws of HIV-infected women by panoramic radiography. The study comprised a total of 120 women above 40 years of age who were divided into the following two groups: women who are HIV positive (Group I) and women with no known HIV infection (Group II). Measurement of the following three radiomorphometric indexes was performed by panoramic radiography: Mental Index (MI), Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI) and Antegonial Depth (AD). A total of 70% of women in the control group and 50% of women in the HIV group were in the postmenopausal period, and the average values of both MI (p = 0.0054) and AD (p < 0.0001) for this period were lower in the HIV group than in the control group. For patients who were in the premenopausal period, the average AD was lower in the HIV group than in the control group (p = 0.0003). Despite the difference in the average age between groups, greater bone resorption in the mandible was found in the group of HIV-positive women.

Valoración de una dieta hipercalórica en el desarrollo de osteoporosis en ratas Sprague-Dawley gonadectomizadas / Hypercalorific diet evaluation in the development of osteoporosis in gonadectomized Sprague-Dawley rats

El trabajo se inició con 34 ratas Sprague-Dawley de siete semanas de edad, de las cuales 26 se sometieron a gonadectomía bilateral para inducirles la menopausia. El grupo control quedó constituido por las restantes 8 ratas no gonadectomizadas. Para evaluar la influencia de la dieta hipercalórica en el desarrollo de osteoporosis, a 13 ratas gonadectomizadas se les suministró una dieta rica en grasa (grupo A), mientras que las otras 13 ratas (grupo B) y el grupo controlk recibieron una dieta regular. Cinco meses después de la ovariectomía, la dieta hipercalórica causó la disminución del contenido de calcio en vértebras lumbares (L3, L4 y L5), mostrándose el efecto de la dieta en cuanto a que, bajo la ingesta de los demás nutrientes, se modificó su utilización, causando una desnutrición generalizada y cooperando así con el proceso de génesis de la osteoporosis. La ovariectomía indujo cambios hormonales que favorecieron el proceso de desmineralización condicionante de osteoporosis, validándose así el modelo experimental