Coronectomia em terceiro molar superior: relato de caso / Maxillary third upper molar coronectomy: case report

Introdução: A extração de terceiros molares é um dos procedimentos mais realizados em cirurgias orais. As indicações para esse procedimento estão ligadas à doença cárie, doença periodontal, pericoronite, entre outras. Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um relato de caso e discussão com a técnica aplicada a um terceiro molar superior com risco de comunicação oroantral, demonstrando os benefícios deste procedimento. Relato de Caso: Paciente sexo masculino, 49 anos, ausência de comorbidades, encaminhado para remoção de terceiro molar superior por dificuldade de higienização e acúmulo de placa bacteriana, ao exame tomográfico, apresentou proximidades das raízes com o seio maxilar, onde foi optado pela contra indicação de extração devido a grande chance de comunicação oroantral e sugerido coronectomia para resolução do caso. Conclusão: A coronectomia é uma técnica bastante difundida nos casos em que o terceiro molar está intimamente relacionado ao nervo alveolar inferior, com chances de parestesia. Não há relatos na literatura dessa técnica aplicada ao terceiro molar superior... (AU)

Introduction: Extraction of third molars is one of the most commonly performed procedures in oral surgeries. The indications for this procedure are linked to caries disease, periodontal disease, pericoronitis, among others. Case Report: Male patient, 49 years old, absent from comorbidities, referred for removal of the upper third molar due to difficulty in cleaning and bacterial plaque accumulation, on tomographic examination, proximity of the roots to the maxillary sinus, where it was opted for the contraindication of extraction due to great chance of oroantral communication and suggested coronectomy to resolve the case. Objective: The purpose of this article is to present a case report and discussion with the technique applied to a maxillary third molar at risk of oroantral communication, demonstrating the benefits of this procedure. Conclusion: Coronectomy is a widespread technique in cases where the third molar is closely related to the lower alveolar nerve, with chances of paresthesia. There are no reports in the literature of this technique applied to the upper third molar... (AU)

Ten reasons to not ignore the third molar

ABSTRACT Introduction: The third molars are forgotten because they are the last in the dental arch, they do not directly influence the smile and they appear only in adolescence, when they do. Objectives: 1) to provide the clinician with a "checklist" to assess and diagnose changes to be screened in the third molar region in new patients; 2) to reveal the importance of not discharging the patient submitted to any dental treatment without first analyzing the third molars region clinically and on imaging examinations, since many diseases are associated to them. Result: A list of 10 situations that cover all diagnostic possibilities involving the third molars is presented. Conclusion: Adopting this protocol is a matter of habit, since the need is fundamental. The next professional assisting your patient may ask: "Did he not request examinations for the third molars?".

RESUMO Introdução: Os terceiros molares são esquecidos por serem os últimos dentes na arcada dentária, por não influenciarem diretamente no sorriso e por aparecerem apenas na adolescência - quando aparecem. Objetivos: 1) Fornecer ao clínico um checklist de conferência e diagnóstico de alterações a serem checadas na região dos terceiros molares em novos pacientes; e 2) Destacar a importância de não dar alta ao paciente submetido a qualquer tratamento odontológico sem antes analisar, clínica e imagiologicamente, a região dos terceiros molares, pois muitas doenças estão a eles associadas. Resultado: Criou-se uma lista de 10 situações que englobam todas as possibilidades diagnósticas envolvendo os terceiros molares. Conclusão: Adotar esse protocolo é uma questão de hábito, pois a necessidade é imperiosa. O próximo profissional a atender o seu paciente vai perguntar: "Ele não solicitou exames para os terceiros molares?".

Microbial profile of symptomatic pericoronitis lesions: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective: The microbial composition of pericoronitis (Pc) is still controversial; it is not yet clear if the microbial profile of these lesions is similar to the profile observed in periodontitis (Pd). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe the microbial profile of Pc lesions and compare it directly with that of subjects with Pd. Methodology: Subjects with Pc and Pd were selected, and subgingival biofilm samples were collected from (i) third molars with symptomatic Pc (Pc-T), (ii) contralateral third molars without Pc (Pc-C) and (iii) teeth with a probing depth >3 mm from subjects with Pd. Counts and proportions of 40 bacterial species were evaluated using a checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. Results: Twenty-six patients with Pc and 18 with Pd were included in the study. In general, higher levels of microorganisms were observed in Pd. Only Actinomyces oris and Eubacterium nodatum were present in higher mean counts in the Pc-T group in comparison with the Pc-C and Pd-C groups (p<0.05). The microbiota associated with Pc-T was similar to that found in Pc-C. Sites with Pc lesions had lower proportions of red complex in comparison with the Pd sites. Conclusion: The microbiota of Pc is very diverse, but these lesions harbour lower levels of periodontal pathogens than Pd.

Connaissances et attitudes face aux péricoronarites: enquête auprès des chirurgiens-dentistes de Dakar (Sénégal)

INTRODUCTION: Une prise en charge efficace des urgences parodontales contribue au bien-être physique et psychologique du patient. L'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des chirurgiens dentistes de Dakar face aux péricoronarites. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Il s'est agi d'une enquête transversale descriptive réalisée auprès des chirurgiens dentistes de la région de Dakar et exerçant dans des structures privées, publiques et parapubliques. L'inclusion était basée sur la liste officielle de l'ordre national des chirurgiens dentistes du Sénégal (ONCD) de la région de Dakar de l'année 2015, et de celle du service de santé des Armées Sénégalaises. RÉSULTATS: L'échantillon comprenait 122 chirurgiens dentistes, dont 65 hommes. Le secteur public est le plus représentatif avec un pourcentage de 44,26%. Dans notre échantillon, 84,43% des dentistes prescrivent des antibiotiques et des analgésiques et 41,80% réalisent une détersion des lésions avec une boulette de coton imbibée de peroxyde d'hydrogène à 10 volumes. Cependant, 64,75% des dentistes font une excision du capuchon muqueux en urgence. CONCLUSION: La prise en charge de la péricoronarite n'est pas toujours conforme aux recommandations scientifiques actuelles. Afin de ne pas compromettre le potentiel de cicatrisation du parodonte, la formation continue des chirurgiens dentistes sénégalais devrait être un impératif éthique et légal

Bifid mandibular canal ­an anesthetic challenge for maxillofacial surgeons­ case report

Bifid mandibular canal is a variation of the normal anatomy. such anomalies can result in difficult anesthesia while performing surgeries of the posterior mandible under local anesthesia. moreover there is a high chance of damaging the neurovascular bundle leading to complications. here we present a case of a bifid mandibular canal which posed difficulty in achieving appropriate anesthesia. the inferior alveolar nerve is of special interest for maxillofacial and oral surgeons. its relation with mandibular third molar plays an important role while performing disimpaction surgery, in cases of bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, prosthesis placement in resorbed ridges, mandibular trauma procedures, and may be traumatized by penetration of the implant drill.

Valoración clínico-epidemiológica de pacientes con pericoronaritis aguda de los terceros molares / Clinical-epidemiological valuation of patients with acute pericoronaritis of the third molars

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de los 68 pacientes con pericoronaritis, atendidos en los servicios estomatológicos del Policlínico Docente Camilo Torres Restrepo y del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas de Santiago de Cuba, de junio de 2016 a enero del 2017, con vistas a caracterizarles según algunas variables de interés, mediante una amplia anamnesis y un examen clínico bucal minucioso. Los resultados de la serie mostraron que la pericoronaritis fue más frecuente en jóvenes del sexo femenino (63,2 por ciento) y de las edades de 21 a 26 años (63,2 por ciento), con predominio de su forma clínica aguda serosa (76,4 por ciento); de igual modo, el molar más afectado fue el tercero inferior (95,5 por ciento) y sobresalieron como signos y síntomas el dolor intenso (55,8 por ciento) y moderado (39,7 por ciento), el tejido enrojecido y edematoso (100,0 por ciento) y la linfoadenopatía cervical (60,0 por ciento). Pudo concluirse que es muy importante el diagnóstico clínico-radiológico para aplicar un tratamiento más eficaz y correcto, a fin de restablecer la salud del paciente y evitar complicaciones y secuelas

An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of the 68 patients with pericoronaritis assisted in the stomatological services of Camilo Torres Restrepo Teaching Polyclinic and Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from June, 2016 to January, 2017, aimed at characterizing them according to some variables of interest, by means of a wide anamnesis and a meticulous oral clinical examination. The results of the series showed that the pericoronaritis was more frequent in young female patients (63.2 percent) aged 21 to 26 (63.2 percent), with prevalence in its serious acute form (76.4 percent); likewise, the most affected molar was the lower third (95.5 percent) and the most notable signs and symptoms were the moderate (39.7 percent) and intense pain (55.8 percent), red and edematous tissue (100.0 percent) and cervical lymphadenopathy (60.0 percent). It was concluded that the clinical-radiological diagnosis is very important to implement a more effective and correct treatment, in order to reestablish the patient's health and avoid complications and sequelae

Role of cone-beam computed tomography in the evaluation of a paradental cyst related to the fusion of a wisdom tooth with a paramolar: A rare case report

Fusion is an abnormality of tooth development defined as the union of two developing dental germs, resulting in a single large dental structure. This irregular tooth morphology is associated with a high predisposition to dental caries and periodontal diseases. As a result of recurring inflammatory periodontal processes, disorders such as periodontal pocket, pericoronitis, and paradental cysts may develop. A rare mandibular anatomic variation is the retromolar canal, which is very significant for surgical procedures. The fusion of a paramolar and mandibular third molar associated with a paradental cyst co-occurring with the presence of a retromolar canal is rare, and the aim of the present study is to describe the evaluation of this anatomical configuration using cone-beam computed tomography.

Complicaciones infecciosas relacionadas con la posición de las cordales mandibulares impactadas en paciente atendidos en el primer semestre 2013 en el Hospital Dr. Leonardo Martínez. San Pedro Sula, Honduras

El estudio se realizó en las clínicas odontológicas del Hospital Dr. LeonardoMartínez Valenzuela durante el primer semestre del año 2013. Para estainvestigación de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal cuyo objetivofue identificar las complicaciones infecciosas relacionadas con la posición de lacordal según la clasificación de Winter, se tomaron en cuenta las variables de,edad, sexo, procedencia, escolaridad, la posición de la cordal según laclasificación de Winter y las patologías infecciosas relacionadas con las cordales.Siguiendo los criterios de inclusión y exclusión del estudio, se seleccionaron yrevisaron 105 historias clínicas y se estudiaron sus respectivas radiografíaspanorámicas y periapicales, entre los resultados encontramos que la mayorasistencia a este centro hospitalario por problemas de cordales se presentó en losgrupos de edad de 21 a 30 años y más de 30 años con el 41.9% en ambosgrupos. En la distribución por sexo, fue el sexo femenino la mayoría que acudió aconsulta odontológica por afección de terceras molares mandibulares. Laprocedencia de estos pacientes que acudieron a consulta en su mayoría son delárea urbana con un nivel educativo secundario en más de la mitad.Casi la mitad de cordales mandibulares se encuentran en posición vertical y unpoco menos en posición mesioangular según la clasificación de Winter. Noobstante, la posición de cordal que presenta mayor patología infecciosa es lamesioangular seguida de la posición vertical.

Pericoronitis en pacientes del departamento de ciencias odontológicas en la universidad nacional autónoma de Honduras-Valle de Sula. 2013

Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se encontró que los pacientes con más frecuencia de presentar pericoronitis son las mujeres jóvenes, en edad comprendida entre 18 a 27. El tratamiento que más se realizó fue la intervención quirúrgica seguida de la antibioticoterapia

O que é, e como diagnosticar, a pericoronarite / What is pericoronitis and how is it diagnosed

A pericoronarite é um quadro inflamatório no tecido mole que recobre parcialmente a coroa de um dente semi-irrompido. Os terceiros molares inferiores são, geralmente, os mais acometidos; clinicamente, é observada a presença de tecido eritematoso; e, muitas vezes, pode evoluir para um estado infeccioso, apresentando coleção purulenta, drenando espontaneamente ou não...

Reconsideration of decision making for third molar extraction

INTRODUCTION: Third molar extraction is one of the most common procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The impacted third molar causes many pathological conditions, such as pericoronitis, caries, periodontitis, resorption of adjacent teeth, and cyst or tumors associated with impacted teeth. Extraction is often considered the treatment of choice for impacted lower third molars. On the other hand, imprudent extraction of deeply impacted third molars can cause permanent complications, such as inferior alveolar nerve damage. Therefore, guidelines for the extraction of lower third molars should be set to prevent embarrassing complications. This study examined the indication and current trends of the extracted lower third molars in the dental hospital of a dental college. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 557 extracted third molars were evaluated at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Yonsei University. The chief complaint, diagnosis, age and degree of impaction were analyzed to determine the tendency for the extraction of asymptomatic lower third molars. RESULTS: The percentage of asymptomatic third molars was 40.8%. In cases of full impacted tooth or full erupted tooth, the percentage of asymptomatic teeth was more than 50% (52.4% and 54.3, respectively). Among those partially impacted teeth, 73.1% of them showed symptoms, such as pain, tenderness and swelling. In terms of age, pericoronitis was evident at a younger age, and dental caries/periodontitis was the main cause of removal in those aged over 50. Twenty nine cases (1.6%) had teeth associated with pathological changes. CONCLUSION: The incidence of pathological changes to the lower third molar was relatively low. Surgical extraction is recommended in cases of partially impacted teeth. In Korea, the incidence of asymptomatic third molar extraction was relatively higher than in European countries. More careful attention would be desirable to consider the risks and benefits of lower third molar extraction.

Epidemiología y tratamiento de la pericoronaritis aguda en el Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Chile / Epidemiology and treatment of acute pericoronitis at Barros Luco Trudeau Hospital, Santiago, Chile

La pericoronaritis se caracteriza por la inflamación de los tejidos blandos, que rodean la corona de un diente total o parcialmente erupcionado, acompañado por dolor. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la epidemiología y el tratamiento de la pericoronaritis aguda, en pacientes que acuden al servicio de urgencia del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se analizaron 9531 fichas clínicas correspondientes a pacientes atendidos en la urgencia dental del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, tomando como muestra 456 atenciones con el diagnóstico de pericoronaritis aguda. Se consideraron como variables la edad, el género, la pieza dentaria involucrada y el tratamiento realizado. El análisis de los resultados arrojó una edad promedio de 24 años, con una proporción aproximada de 1:2 de hombres frente a mujeres. Las piezas dentarias más afectadas fueron los terceros molares mandibulares. Respecto al tratamiento, aproximadamente el 70 por ciento de los casos se medicó con antibioterapia y analgésicos no esteroidales (AINES),mientras que sólo en un 40 por ciento se realizó el debridamiento mecánico de la zona. Independientemente del manejo inicial, la mayor parte de las piezas involucradas fueron extraídas de forma inmediata o derivadas para su remoción. Los resultados obtenidos concuerdan con la literatura disponible, en relación a las variables edad, género y piezas dentarias involucradas. Con respecto al tratamiento, la evidencia reporta que lo óptimo es la realización conjunta de una terapia mecánico-local y sistémica, medidas que fueron poco frecuente en el servicio estudiado.

Pericoronitis is characterized by inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a tooth wholly or partially erupted, accompanied by pain. To describe the epidemiology and treatment of acute pericoronitis in patients attending the emergency department of the Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau. A descriptive retrospective study was carried out. We analized 9531 files of patients treated in the Emergency Department Dental Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau and we obtained a sample of 456 files with the diagnosis of acute pericoronitis. The variables considered were age, gender, tooth and the treatment involved. The analysis of the results showed an average age of 24 years, with an approximate ratio of 1:2 of men versus women. The most affected teeth were mandibular third molars. Regarding treatment, approximately 70 percent of cases medicated with antibiotics and analgesics nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), where as only 40 percent had mechanical debridement of the area. Regardless of initial treatment, most of the parts involved were immediately extracted or derived for removal. Our results are consistent with the available literature regarding the variables age, gender and teeth involved. With regard to treatment, the literature reported that the best evidence is the joint realization of a local mechanical therapy and systemic measures that were rare in the service studied.

Evolución clínica de las pericoronaritis tratadas con OLEOZON® en urgencias estomatológicas / Clinical evolution of pericoronaritis treated with OLEOZÓN® in stomatologic urgencias

La pericoronaritis es una patología bucal que aparece con frecuencia en consultas de urgencias estomatológicas. Se considera un proceso infeccioso agudo caracterizado por inflamación del tejido blando que rodea el diente retenido, lo cual provoca efectos indeseables en el paciente. El tratamiento indicado es la aplicación de sustancias caústicas que pueden ocasionar daños en los tejidos dentarios, por lo cual se decidió utilizar la ozonoterapia para realizar un ensayo clínico fase III, aleatorizado, controlado y abierto, lo cual permitió estudiar la eficacia del OLEOZON® en el tratamiento de la Pericoronaritis, en la Clínica Estomatológica Docente César Escalante, del municipio Matanzas, de enero 2003 a enero de 2008. El universo de estudio fueron los pacientes que en ese período asistieron con Pericoronaritis a la consulta de urgencia, y la muestra abarcó 90 pacientes, conformándose dos grupos: uno experimental, donde se aplicó el OLEOZON®, y otro control, donde se empleó el tratamiento convencional. Se caracterizaron los grupos desde el punto de vista sociodemográfico y clínico, determinándose la eficacia del OLEOZON®, la cual resultó ser alta en los pacientes tratados.

Pericoronaritis is an oral pathology frequently found in stomatologic urgency consultations. It is considered an acute infectious process characterized by inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the retained tooth, causing unwanted effects in the patient. The indicated treatment is applying caustic substances that may damage dental tissues, so we decided using ozonotherapy to develop a clinical assay Phase III, randomized, controlled and open, allowing us to study the efficacy of OLEOZÓN® in treating Pericoronaritis at the Teaching Stomatologic Clinic Cesar Escalante, municipality of Matanzas, from january 2003 to january 2008. The universe of study were the patients assisting to the urgency consultation with Pericoronaritis in that period of time, and the sample were 90 patients, divided in two groups, an Experimental one where OLEOZÓN® was applied, and a Control one where the conventional treatment was used. Both groups were characterized from the sociodemographic and clinic points of view, stating the efficacy of OLEOZÓN®, high in treated patients.

Conservative infection control on acute pericoronitis in mandibular third molar patients referred from the prison

In the presence of acute pericoronitis of mandilbular third molar, antibiotic therapy and early incision and drainage are the method of choice, followed by definitive surgical extraction of the tooth as soon as it becomes subacute. If excision of the overlying tissues is decided on, it should be done adequately. All overlying tissues must be throughly excised, and the crown portion of the unerupted tooth should be completely exposed. After excision has been completed, the wound should be managed with a surgical dressing. This should be allowed to remain approximately 7 days. And then, surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar can be done usually. In this operation, there are many complications, such as, postoperative bleeding, infection, trismus, dysphasia and paresthesia. The surgeon are discredited and medicolegal problem may be occurred in the presence of many distressed complications. Therefore, the relatively nonsurgical treatment is the method of choice. So, authors selected the conservative treatment methods of incision and drainage, primary endodontic drainage, operculectomy without surgical extraction of the mandibular third molars. The results were more favorable without the postoperative complication in Wonju old offender prison.

Estudo retrospectivo de cisto paradentário na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil / Retrospective study of paradental cyst in the city of Recife/PE, Brazil

Objetivo: Analisar retrospectivamente a ocorrência do Cisto Paradentário (CP) em uma população brasileira. Método: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, avaliando os aspectos epidemiológicos de 25 casos de pacientes com diagnostico de Cisto Paradentário no período de janeiro de 1992 a abril de 2008 no Laboratório de Patologia Oral da Faculdade de Odontologia de Pernambuco - FOP/UPE. Foram avaliados os indicadores gênero, faixa etária, raça, localização topográfica, tamanho das lesões e presença de sintomatologia dolorosa ao exame clínico. A análise estatística foi realizada através do programa SPSS (v. 13.0), sendo criado um banco de dados para análise dos resultados obtidos. Foi aplicado o teste Qui-quadrado para analisar a significância estatística dos achados (p<0,05). Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante da prevalência desta lesão em relação ao gênero (p=0,992). A terceira década de vida mostrou-se a faixa etária de maior prevalência da referida patologia (76%), assim como a ocorrência em indivíduos leucodermas em detrimento a feodermas e melanodermas (72%), a mandíbula mostrou-se como a localização anatômica mais freqüente (96%). Estas lesões apresentaram pequenas dimensões independentemente da região topográfica acometida. Não houve diferença significante quanto a presença ou ausência de sintomatologia. Conclusão: O cisto paradentário foi mais prevalente em pacientes do gênero feminino, leucodermas, representado principalmente por lesões de pequenas dimensões e que se apresentaram em grande parte na mandíbula. A terceira década de vida foi a mais acometi da pelo fato de ser nessa época, em quem observamos mais episódios de pericoronarite.

Objective: To evaluate retrospectively the occurrence of paradental cyst (PC) in a Brazilian population. Method: A retrospective study was performed to investigate the epidemiological aspects of 25 cases of patients with PC diagnosis between January 1992 and April 2008 at the Oral Pathology Laboratory of Pernambuco Dental School - FOP/ UPE. The following indicators were evaluated: gender, age group, ethnical group, topographic localization, lesion size and presence of pain to the clinical exam. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS soft ware (v. 13.0) and a database was created to analyze the obtained results. The chi-square test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the findings. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was no statistically significant difference for the prevalence of this lesion regarding gender (p=0.992). There was higher prevalence of PC in the 3rd decade of life compared to the other age groups (76%) and in whites (72%) compared to blacks and mixed black-white. The mandible was the most frequent anatomic site (96%). These lesions were small sized regardless of the affected topographic region. There was no statistically significant difference as for the presence or absence of painful symptomatology. Conclusion: PC was more prevalent in white female patients and manifested more frequently as small lesions mainly in the mandible. A 3rd decade of life was the most affected because pericoronaritis episodes are more commonly observed in this age group.

Eficacia de la electroacupuntura en la pericoronaritis del tercer molar inferior / Effectiveness of the electroacupuncture in the pericoronitis of the third lower molar

Se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado multicéntrico en 100 pacientes con pericoronaritis en terceros molares inferiores, que acudieron a las respectivas consultas de Cirugía Maxilofacial de los hospitales provinciales Dr Joaquín Castillo Duany y Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba en el período de enero y diciembre del 2006, para ser tratados con electroacupuntura o medicamentos, según estuviesen asignados al grupo 1 (de estudio) o grupo 2 (de control) con 50 integrantes cada uno, a fin de evaluar la eficacia de la primera de ambas terapéuticas en la eliminación del proceso inflamatorio, mediante la activación eléctrica de los puntos acupunturales IG4 , IG11, E6 y VB2, en sesiones diarias durante 7 días; en el segundo grupo se utilizó tratamiento convencional. La evolución fue favorable en 96,0 y 90,0 por ciento, respectivamente, además de que las manifestaciones clínicas desaparecieron al tercer día en los pacientes del grupo de estudio y en un tiempo mayor en los tomados como control, de donde se concluyó que la terapia con electroacupuntura resultó ser más eficaz para eliminar la mencionada inflamación en esas piezas dentarias.

A clinical controlled multicenter trial in 100 patients with pericoronitis in third inferior molars was carried out. They went to their respective visits of Maxillofacial Surgery at Dr Joaquín Castillo Duany and Saturnino Lora provincial hospitals in Santiago de Cuba from January to December, 2006, to be treated with electroacupuncture or drugs, as they were assigned to group 1 (study) or group 2 (control) with 50 members each one, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the first therapy in the elimination of the inflammatory process, through the electric activation of the acupunctural points IG4, IG11, E6 and VB2, in daily sessions during 7 days; in the second group conventional treatment was used. The clinical course was favorable in 96,0 and 90,0 percent, respectively. Besides the clinical manifestations disappeared at the third day in the patients of the study group and in more time in those taken as control. The conclusion was that the therapy with electroacupuncture turned out to be more effective to eliminate the aforementioned inflammation in those teeth.

A Study of Correlation Between Mandibular Angle Fracture and the Mandibular Third Molar

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between incidence of mandibular angle fracture and eruption state of mandibular third molar using clinical and radiographic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data were obtained from the clinical and radiographic records of 205 patients who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital for treatment of the mandibular fracture. Panoramic radiographies were taken for radiographic examination and the mandibular third molars were classified according to age, gender, position and eruption state. Data were analyzed by a chi-square statistics. RESULTS: In this study, the incidence of mandibular angle fracture had a tendency to be greater when a mandibular third molar was present(p>0.05), but there was not a statistically significant difference. Of the 255 cases with a mandibular third molar, 67 had an angle fractures. Of the 155 cases without a mandibular third molar, 138 had not angle fracture. And the incidence of mandibular angle fracture was high at class BII(by Pell & Gregory system) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Although there was not a statistically significant difference, mandibular third molar was more susceptible to mandibular angle fracture. When the reduction of mandibular angle fracture, it was recommended that mandibular third molar should be extracted especially in case of pericoronitis, periodontitis and other infections.

Agenesia de terceros molares en pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la UNAM / Agenesia of the third molars in patients of the Faculty of Odontology of the National Autonomous University of Mexico

ANTECEDENTES: los terceros molares o serotinos son los últimos dientes en erupcionar; su presencia genera diversas patologías como apiñamiento, pericoronitis y dolor, generalmente por falta de espacio en los maxilares. Según la filogenia humana son considerados dientes en vías de extinción. Cada vez más presentan una erupción retrasada e incluso ausencia por falta de formación. OBJETIVO: determinar la frecuencia de agenesia de terceros molares en pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacíonal Autónoma de México. MÉTODOS: se examinaron 915 ortopantomografías de pacientes de 16 a 24 años y se realizó el diagnóstico de presencia de los terceros molares, se recabó información sociodemográfica y se analizó la asociación con el sexo usando X². RESULTADOS: el 20 por ciento de la muestra presentó agenesia de los 4 terceros molares, 56 por ciento tuvo los 4, y 24 por ciento solo de 1 a 3, además se encontró que el sexo no determina la presencia de los terceros molares (X²= 0,503, p= 0,478). CONCLUSIONES: la frecuencia de agenesia de terceros molares fue del 20 por ciento y esta es independiente del sexo(AU)

ANTECEDENTS: the third molars are the last teeth to erupt. Their presence generate diverse pathologies as crowding, pericoronitis and pain, generally due to the lack of space in the maxillae. According to human phylogeny, they are considered teeth on the way to extinction. They present an increasingly delayed eruption and even absence due to lack of formation, OBJECTIVE: to determine the frequency of agenesia of the third molars in patients of the Faculty of Odontology of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. METHODS: 915 orthopantomographies of patients aged 16-24 were examined and the diagnosis of presence of the third molars was made. Sociodemographic information was necessary and the association with sex was analyzed by using X2. RESULTS: 20 percent of the sample presented agenesia of the 4 third molars, 56 percent had the 4, and 24 percent only from 1 to 3. Besides, it was found that sex does not determine the presence of the third molars (X2= 0.503, p= 0.478). CONCLUSIONS: the frequency of agenesia of the third molars was 20 percent and it is independent of sex(AU)

Epidemiologic panorama of lower third molar

The aim of this study was to determine the ratio of the impacted lower third molar. 15.926 Libyan natives reported to Oral Surgery Department-Central Dental Clinic-Tripoli from 1989 to1992. 18.81% of them were complaining of different symptoms related to the wisdom tooth. Results of this study showed that 23.80% had fully impacted lower third molar, whereas 76.20% were partly erupted. The position of lower third molar has been classified on vertical impaction in 31.86%, mesio-angular impaction in 23.89%, horizontal impaction in 14.42%, disto-angular impaction in 6.45%, lingu-angular impaction in 8.34%, bucco-angular impaction in 14.99% and atypical impaction in 0.05%. Recurrent pericoronitis was found to be 37.84%, the most frequent reason for lower third molar removal in our patients. Pain- related directly to wisdom tooth, was diagnosed in 6.03% of patients. The incidence of unrestorable caries was found to be 18.90%. Conservative treatment was provided for 741 patients. We conclude that the results obtained from this study indicate that surgical removal of the lower third molar is the most common intervention required for our patients

Clinical effects of Fu Fang Ya Tong Ding on gingivitis and pericoronitis / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effects of Fu Fang Ya Tong Ding on treatment of gingivitis and pericoronitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>120 clinical patients with gingivitis or pericoronitis were randomly divided into 3 groups (40 patients in each group). After routine rinse treatment for all patients, patients in the test group were treated with Fu Fang Ya Tong Ding, patients in the positive group were treated with iodine glycerol, while that time patients in the negative group received no treatment anymore. Ten minutes after treatment, visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to record the severity of pain for each patient. 3 days and 7 days later, pain and inflammation degree were also recorded by pain three-degree scoring method and index of gingivitis. The total treatment effects were evaluated under a comprehensive clinical treatment standard.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>10 minutes after treatment, 40.0% of patients in the test group had almost no pain, while no obvious reduction of pain was found in the control group. 3 days, 7 days after the treatment, 92.5%, 95.0% of patients in the test group had no pain, and 55.0%, 90.0% of patients in the positive group had no pain. In the negative group, there were 47.5% of patients which pain was still remained in 7 days. 7 days after treatment, gingival index in the test group reduced by 25.0% and 42.8% compared with the positive and negative groups (P<0.05). 3 days after treatment, 62.5%, 45.0% and 30.0% patients separately in the test, positive and negative groups manifested good effects under the comprehensive clinical treatment standard; after 7 days, 97.5%, 92.5% and 77.5% patients in the 3 groups manifested good effect. The group using Fu Fang Ya Tong Ding had better effects than groups using iodine glycerol or only applying routine rinsing treatment group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fu Fang Ya Tong Ding can treat gingivitis and pericoronitis through significantly reducing inflammation and pain.</p>