Verapamil and loperamide; to compare the inhibitory effects on isolated guinea pig ileum

In smooth muscle cells, an increase in cytosolic free calcium concentration is an essential step for the cells to contract. The increase in calcium concentration occurs by influx from the extra cellular medium through calcium ion channels. Calcium channels have potential role in regulation of motility in gastrointestinal tract so there is growing interest in calcium channel blockers as a potential pharmacological approach to the treatment of various gastrointestinal motor disorders. In this study we evaluate the inhibitory effects of verapamil on spontaneous contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum and compare them with inhibitory effects of loperamide. Isolated intestinal segments of sixteen guinea pigs were used in this study. Serial dilutions [10-18 -10-3 gm/ml] of loperamide and verapamil were administered; effects observed and recorded by 7B Grass Polygraph machine. We observed that at lower concentrations, loperamide showed more inhibitory effects than verapamil while at higher concentrations [10-4 and 10-3 gm/ml] verapamil showed more inhibitory effects than loperamide on the contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum. This study gave us a clue that verapamil found a potent inhibitor of small intestinal contractions as loperamide. However one can presume further that calcium channel blocker verapamil acting on calcium channel receptor on GIT will be developed with more specific effects on smooth muscle of intestinal tract

Application of pulsed Doppler ultrasound for the evaluation of small intestinal motility in dogs

The purpose of this study was to verify whether small intestinal peristalsis could be observed and quantitatively assessed using pulsed-Doppler ultrasound. Pulsed-Doppler ultrasound was used to evaluate small intestinal peristalsis after a meal in ten normal dogs and ten sedated dogs. The small intestinal peristalses were measured 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours after a 24-hour fast and after feeding. The number of small intestinal peristalsis were 0.133/min, 0.100/min, 0.033/min, 0.167/min, 0.070/min, 0.067/min, and 0.100/min in the fasted dogs, and 1.667/ min, 0.933/min, 1.133/min, 1.234/min, 1.933/min, 1.533/ min, and 0.533/min in fed dogs, respectively. In the dogs sedated with xylazine HCl, the number of small intestinal peristalsis was significantly reduced (p<0.01). However, in the dogs treated with ketamine HCl and acepromazine, the number of small intestinal peristalsis remained unchanged. Therefore, it can be concluded that pulsed-Doppler ultrasound allows graphic visualization of the intestinal movements, which can be subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis, and may be suitable for a non-invasive study of small intestinal motility.

Efecto del clebopride y metaclopramida en la presión del esfínter esófagico inferior y actividad peristáltica esofagica / The effect of clebopride and metoclopramide on lower esophageal sphincter pressure, and on esophageal peristaltic activity

Se investiga en 73 pacientes adultos el efecto de dos Ortopramidas (metoclorpramida y Clebopride) administradas por vía endovenosa, en dos poblaciones de pacientes; un grupo con reflujo Gastro Esofágico Patológico (56 pacientes) y otro grupo sin reflujo Gastro Esofágico Patológico (17 pacientes), en un estudio prospectivo y doble ciego. Se analiza el efecto de ambas drogas sobre el tono del Esfínter Esofágico Inferior (EEI), Intensidad de las Ondas Peristálticas (OP) y Fracción de las Ondas Peristálticas Eficaces (OPE), comparando estos parámetros en condiciones basales y después de la administración de 2 mgs. de Clebopride o 10 mgs de Metoclopramida, con registro a los 5-15 minutos post-inyección. No hubo reacciones adversas con ninguna de las dos drogas. Sólo encontramos pequeñas diferencias en algunos parámetros, que no permiten atribuir a éstos efectos importantes, por lo menos en las dosis usadas en esta experimentación. Nos parece necesario ampliar los estudios al respecto, con casuísticas mayores y dosis más altas

Efeitos respiratórios e cardiovasculares agudos de mascagnea rigida (tingui) no cäo / Acute respiratory and cardiovascular effects of Mascagnea regida (tingui) in dogs

Estudaram-se os efeitos cardiovasculares, respiratórios e peristálticos intestinais de princípio tóxicos de Mascagnea rigida, em cäes e ratos. Foi observado intensa e permanente queda da pressäo arterial média, broncoconstriçäo e exacerbaçäo da propulsäo peristáltica intestinal com reduçäo na freqüência cardíaca. Esses efeitos näo säo revertidos por agentes anticolinérgicos, nem säo bloqueados pelo propranolol, nem por agentes antihistamínicos, sugerindo um efeito por princípio ativo de natureza desconhecida