Avaliação do potencial fitotóxico de Persea venosa Nees & Mart. (Lauraceae) sobre sementes e plântulas de diferentes espécies cultivadas / Evaluation of the phytotoxic potential of Persea venosa Ness & Mart. (Lauraceae) on seeds and seedlings of different species grown

Este estudo objetiva a análise dos efeitos alelopáticos de Persea venosa (pau-de-andrade) frente a diversas espécies cultivadas. Para os testes, foram utilizados extratos alcoólicos da casca do caule de pau-de-andrade, conforme sua utilização medicinal, em quatro concentrações. A atividade alelopática foi testada frente às cultivares de milho, soja, alface e rabanete. O experimento foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. A análise de cromatografia em camada delgada, utilizando-se sílica como fase estacionária e solventes de diferentes polaridades como fase móvel, foi utilizada para obtenção do perfil fitoquímico, sendo utilizado reveladores específicos para cada classe de metabólitos secundários testada. Observou-se que com o aumento da concentração do extrato de P. venosa, houve o aumento do número de plântulas anormais em todas as cultivares, chegando a percentuais de anormalidade de 100% para milho e soja, 93% para alface e 67,48% para rabanete na concentração de 160 g/L. Ademais, as anormalidades evidenciadas foram predominantes no sistema radicular das plântulas, ocasionando em todos os casos, necrose, truncamento, engrossamento, atrofia e aumento do número de pêlos absorventes. Devido à severidade com que os extratos afetaram o crescimento e a normalidade das plântulas, este estudo evidencia a possibilidade da ocorrência de citotoxicidade por parte da espécie P. venosa, vastamente utilizada na medicina tradicional.

This study aims to analyze the allelopathic effects of Persea venosa (pau-de-andrade) on several cultivars. For the tests, we used alcoholic extracts from the bark of pau-de-andrade, according to their medicinal use in four concentrations. The allelopathic activity was tested on different cultivars of corn, soybeans, lettuce and radish. The experiment was completely randomized, with four replications of 50 seeds. The chromatographic analysis of a thin layer, using silica as the stationary phase and solvents of different polarities as the mobile phase, was used to obtain the phytochemical profile, using specific developers to each class of secondary metabolites tested. It was observed that with an increasing concentration of the extract of P. venosa, there was an increase in the number of abnormal seedlings in all cultivars, reaching percentages of abnormality of 100% for corn and soybeans, 93% for lettuce, and 67.48% for radish at a 160 g/L concentration. Furthermore, the evidenced abnormalities were predominant in the seedling root system, causing, in all cases, necrosis, truncation, atrophy and increased number of hairs. Due to the severity with which the extracts affected the growth of seedlings and their normality, this study highlights the possible occurrence of cytotoxicity by the P. venosa species, which is widely used in traditional medicine.

Efecto del consumo de aguacate (persea amaricana mill): sobre el perfil lipídico en adultos con dislipidemia / Effect of consumption of avocado (persea americana mill): on the lipid profile in adults with dyslipidemia

Las dislipidemias son desórdenes metabólicos frecuentes, que se constituyen en un importante factor de riesgo de enfermedades, las cuales tienen como sustrato anatómico la aterosclerosis. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto del consumo de aguacate sobre los niveles plasmáticos de lípidos en individuos con dislipidemia. La muestra se conformó con 14 hombres: 6 (Grupo control) (GA) y 8 (Grupo experimental) (GB). Ambos grupos se evaluaron antropométricamente según los criterios de OMS y cumplieron una dieta (según los criterios de American Heart Association), más GA consumió 30 cc de aceite de maiz y el GB consumió 30 cc de grasa basados en aguacate en el almuerzo durante 30 días. Se midió Colesterol total, lipoproteínas de alta densidad (c-HDL), lipoproteínas de baja densidad (c-LDL), lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad (c-VLDL) y triacilglicéridos (TG) al inicio, 15 y 30 días. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicó T-student para datos no pareados (p < 0,005) con el programa SPSS 10 para Windows. El GA inició con CT= 232,6±37,1 mg/dL y finalizó con 206,7±34,8 mg/dL (p<0,000) (-13%). El GB inició con valores de CT= 222,9±15,2 mg/dL y finalizo en 206,3±17,2 mg/dL (p<0,000)(-9,2%). A los 30 días se encontró que TG disminuyeron 10,3% y c-HDL aumentó 6,3% en el grupo B; mientrasque c-LDL y c-VLDL tuvieron una disminución porcentual similar para ambos grupos. Se concluye que el consumo de aguacate en una comida mixta hipograsa puede ser beneficioso como estrategia terapéutica en la alimentación de adultos con esta patología.

Dyslipidemia are common metabolic disorder, which constitute a major risk factor for diseases which have the anatomic substrate atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the avocado on the plasma levels of lipids in subjects with dyslipidemia. The sample was formed with 14 men: 6 (control group) (GA) and 8 (experimental group) (GB). Anthropometrically Both groups were evaluated according to WHO criteria and met a diet (as determined by American Heart Association), consumed more GA 30 cc of corn oil and the GB consumed 30 cc of fat in the avocado-based lunch for 30 days. Measured total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL-c) and Triacilglycerides (TG) at baseline, 15 and 30 days. For statistical analysis was applied to T-student data is not matched (p < 0.005) with the program SPSS 10 for Windows. The GA started with TC = 232.6 ± 37.1 mg/ dL and ended with 206.7 ± 34.8 mg/dL (p < 0.000) (-13%). GB began with the values of CT = 222.9 ± 15.2 mg/dL and finished at 206.3 ± 17.2 mg/dL (p < 0.000) (-9.2%). For the 30 days it was found that TG decreased 10.3% and increased HDL-c 6.3% in group B, while c-c-VLDL and LDL had a similar percentage decline for both groups. We conclude that consumption of avocado in a mixed meal hipograsa can be beneficial as a therapeutic strategy in the nutrition of adults with this condition.