Intervenções nutricionais na promoção da perda de peso: faseolamina - revisão sistemática com metanálise e alimentos com possíveis benefícios - revisão sistemática para construção de tecnologia educacional / Nutritional interventions in weight loss promotion: phaseolamine - systematic review with meta-analysis and foods with possible benefits - systematic review for building educational technology

A obesidade é uma doença crônica não transmissível e considerada epidemia mundial com prevalência alarmante. Está associada à morbimortalidade e é fator de risco para doença cardiovascular (DCV), diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), hipertensão arterial sistêmica(HAS), dislipidemias, osteoartrite e alguns tipos de câncer. As Diretrizes Brasileiras de Obesidade 2009/2010 da Associação Brasileira para o Estudo da Obesidade e da Síndrome Metabólica referem ser pequeno o número de estudos que comprovem os efeitos termogênicos, anorexígenos ou redutores de peso de suplementos nutricionais de cafeína e capsaicina e mencionam poucos alimentos. No entanto a mídia cita rotineiramente vários alimentos como tratamento consolidado para perda de peso, sem que existam evidências científicas que suportem esta indicação. Com o objetivo de elaborar uma tecnologia educacional para indivíduos obesos de um hospital universitário, com esclarecimento sobre intervenções nutricionais efetivas para promoção da perda de peso foram conduzidas duas revisões sistemáticas. A busca de referências foi feita nas Bases eletrônicas ­ Pubmed, Cochrane Central de Ensaios Clínicos, Cinhal e Lilacs. Uma das revisões incluiu metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre a utilização da faseolamina na promoção de perda ponderal e redução de massa gorda. A outra revisão incluiu apenas revisões sistemáticas com metanálise avaliando a efetividade de alimentos ou substâncias extraídas destes na promoção da perda de peso. Na metanálise foram incluídos 5 ensaios clínicos. A perda ponderal foi maior e estatisticamente significativa com a utilização da faseolamina -1,70Kg (IC de -2,44 a -0,97) e também a redução de massa gorda foi superior e estatisticamente significativa nos pacientes tratados com faseolamina -1,85Kg (IC de -2,49 a -1,21). Na outra revisão sistemática foram incluídos 7 artigos ,4 sobre chá verde ( na forma de infusão ou como suplemento), 2 sobre pimenta vermelha ( nos alimentos ou como suplemento) e 1 sobre peixes fonte de ômega 3 ou suplemento de ômega 3. De acordo com o resultado da metanálise, o uso da faseolamina promove perda ponderal e de massa gorda em pacientes obesos e com sobrepeso. A utilização da faseolamina é alternativa auxiliar no tratamento da obesidade. Considerando a revisão sistemática, a utilização de peixes fonte de ômega 3 pode auxiliar a perda de peso, assim como o consumo de pimenta vermelha em dosagem de pelo menos 2mg/dia de capsaicina antes das refeições. O consumo de chá verde não promoveu perda de peso clinicamente relevante. O presente estudo levou a elaboração de uma tecnologia educacional descrita como uma cartilha, para ser utilizada na educação em saúde da população obesa, com orientações no tratamento da obesidade e foi intitulada "Perda de Peso: Alimentos e Fitoterápicos que realmente podem ajudar você"

Obesity is a chronic nontransmissible disease that is considered a worldwide epidemic with alarming prevalence. It is associated with morbidity and mortality and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), systemic hypertension (SHT), dyslipidemias, osteoarthritis and some types of cancer. Brazilian Obesity Guidelines 2009/2010 of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome report that there is a scarcity of studies that confirm the thermogenic, anorexigenic and weight reducing effects of nutritional supplements of caffeine and capsaicin and mention few food items. However, the media routinely cites a number of foods as treatment for weight loss, with no scientific evidence to support these allegations. Two systematic reviews were conducted to create an educational technology for obese individuals from a university hospital, with information about effective nutritional interventions that promote weight loss. The search for references was carried out in the following electronic databases: Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cinhal and Lilacs. One of the reviews included meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on the use of phaseolamin to promote weight loss and a reduction in fat mass. The other review involved only systematic reviews with meta-analysis, assessing the effectiveness of foods or substances extracted from them in the promotion of weight loss. Meta-analysis included 5 clinical trials. Weight loss was greater and statistically significant with the use of phaseolamin -1.70Kg (CI between -2.44 and -0.97) and the reduction in fat mass was higher and statistically significant in patients treated with phaseolamin -1.85Kg (CI between -2.49 and -1.21). The other systematic review involved 7 articles, 4 on green tea (in the form of infusion or a supplement), 2 on red pepper (in food or as supplement) and 1 on omega-rich fish or omega 3 supplement. According to the results of meta-analysis, the use of phaseolamin promotes weight and fat mass loss in obese and overweight patients. The use of phaseolamin is an auxiliary alternative in the treatment of obesity. The systematic review revealed that the use of omega 3-rich fish can contribute to weight loss, as well as consuming red pepper in a dose of at least 2mg/dia of capsaicin before meals. Green tea intake did not promote clinically relevant weight loss. The present study led to the creation of an educational technology in the form of a booklet, to be used in health education for obese individuals, with orientation regarding the treatment of obesity, and entitled "Weight Loss: Foods and Phytotherapics that can really help you"

Phosphate solubilizing ability of Emericella nidulans strain V1 isolated from vermicompost.

Phosphorus is one of the key factors that regulate soil fertility. Its deficiencies in soil are largely replenished by chemical fertilizers. The present study was aimed to isolate efficient phosphate solubilizing fungal strains from Eisenia fetida vermicompost. Out of total 30 fungal strains the most efficient phosphate solubilizing one was Emericella (Aspergillus) nidulans V1 (MTCC 11044), identified by custom sequencing of β-tubulin gene and BLAST analysis. This strain solubilized 13 to 36% phosphate from four different rock phosphates. After three days of incubation of isolated culture with black Mussorie phosphate rock, the highest percentage of phosphate solubilization was 35.5±1.01 with a pH drop of 4.2±0.09. Kinetics of solubilization and acid production showed a linear relationship until day five of incubation. Interestingly, from zero to tenth day of incubation, solubility of soil phosphate increased gradually from 4.31±1.57 to 13.65±1.82 (mg kg-1) recording a maximum of 21.23±0.54 on day 45 in respect of the V1 isolate. Further, enhanced phosphorus uptake by Phaseolus plants with significant pod yield due to soil inoculation of Emericella nidulans V1 (MTCC 11044), demonstrated its prospect as an effective biofertilizer for plant growth.

Phytostabilization of mine waste: growth and physiological responses of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

Greenhouse experiments were carried out for phytoremediation of the Pb/Zn abandoned tailings (pH 3.2 and high metal content) of Rampura-Agucha Mines, Rajasthan. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (cowpea) was chosen as a test crop. On unamended tailings, the seeds of the test plant showed no germination. The tailing was amended with lime (3% on weight basis), 3% lime + NPK (diammonium phosphate at 60 kg/ha, muriate of potash at 40 kg/ ha) and 3% lime + FYM at 15 t/ha and used for experiments. Quantification of various parameters viz. shoot-root length, shoot-root dry weight, chlorophyll contents (a', 'b' and total) and peroxidase activity of test crop revealed T+ S + 3% lime + NPK to be the most suitable amelioration followed by FYM. The above treatments helped in improving the growth and productivity of the test plants by providing a favorable environment.

Impact of anaerobically treated and untreated (raw) distillery effluent irrigation on soil microflora, growth, total chlorophyll and protein contents of Phaseolus aureus L.

Impact of distillery effluent (untreated and treated) irrigation on soil microflora of the pots used for growing Phaseolus aureus L. was investigated. The growth of the P. aureus plants as affected by distillery effluent irrigation was also evaluated. The irrigation of the pots by 1-10% distillery effluent (anaerobically treated) stimulated the growth of the soil microflora (increased number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) and P. aureus plants (increased shoot and root lengths, biomass, chlorophyll and protein contents). Further, 15-20% distillery effluent (anaerobically treated) had toxic effect on soil micro flora as indicated by reduced number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Reduction in shoot, root, lengths, biomass, chlorophyll, protein contents of P. aureus was also observed when irrigated by 15-20% treated distillery effluent. All the concentrations of raw distillery effluent reduced the bacterial population. However, the treated distillery effluent concentrations <10% had stimulatory effect on fungal and actinomycetes population. However, raw effluent concentrations >5% reduced the same. Raw distillery effluent was more toxic to P. aureus than treated distillery effluent as concentrations >5%, had reduced the growth (shoot, root length and biomass) of the test plant. Raw distillery effluent had adverse effect to total chlorophyll contents and all the test concentrations reduced the total chlorophyll level. However, untreated (raw) distillery effluent stimulated the protein content initially. It has been concluded from-present study that lower concentrations of the raw distillery effluent (1-5%) and treated distillery effluent (1-10%) had stimulated the growth of P. aureus and soil microflora except soil bacteria (inhibited by all the concentration of the raw effluent). However, higher concentrations (raw effluent: 10-20%; treated effluent 15-20%) had toxicity to test parameters.