Retenção de placenta e endometrite subclínica: prevalência e relação com o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas leiteiras mestiças / Retained placenta and subclinical endometritis: prevalence and relation with reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do tipo de parto (eutócico vs. distócico) e do período do ano (chuvoso vs. seco) sobre a prevalência de retenção de placenta (RP) e de endometrite subclínica (ES), verificar a relação entre as duas patologias, e os efeitos dessas sobre a taxa de descarte, o período de serviço (PS) e número de IA/concepção. A RP foi avaliada no primeiro dia pós-parto (DPP). A citologia endometrial foi realizada entre 30 e 80 DPP, considerando positivos casos contendo acima de 5% de neutrófilos. Os dados foram analisados por regressão logística e análise de variância no programa Minitab (P<0,05). A prevalência de RP foi de 14,93% (69/462) e de ES de 27,49% (127/462). Foi detectada tendência de efeito (P=0,10) da RP sobre a prevalência da ES. Partos distócicos aumentaram a prevalência de RP e vacas que pariram nos meses chuvosos tiveram maior prevalência de ES (P<0,05). A RP elevou a taxa de descarte (P<0,05), a duração do período de serviço (P<0,05) e o número de IA por concepção (P<0,05), enquanto a ES não afetou essas variáveis (P>0,05). Conclui-se que a retenção de placenta tende a ser um fator de risco para endometrite subclínica, distocia predispõe à retenção de placenta e partos ocorridos no período chuvoso aumentam os casos de endometrite subclínica. Há um impacto negativo na eficiência reprodutiva de vacas leiteiras mestiças acometidas por retenção de placenta.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of type of calving (eutocic vs. dystocic), season of the year (rainy vs. dry) on retained placenta (RP) and subclinical endometritis (SE) prevalence, to verify the relation between these diseases, as well as its effects on culling rate, days open and number of AI/conception. Retention of fetal membranes was recorded on first day postpartum. Endometrial cytology was performed between 30 and 80 days in milk (DIM) and positive cases were considered ≥5% neutrophils. Data were analysed by logistic regression and analysis of variance on Minitab program (P<0.05). The prevalence of RP was 14.93% (69/462) and of SE was 27.49% (127/462). A tendency of effect of RP on SE prevalence was detected (P=0.10). Dystocia increased RP prevalence (P<0.05). Cows that calved during rainy months had greater SE prevalence (P<0.05). RP increased culling rate (P<0.05), calving to conception interval (P<0.05) and number of AI/conception (P<0.05), although SE occurrence did not affect these variables (P>0.05). In conclusion, RP tended to be a risk factor for SE, dystocia is a predisposing factor for RP and calvings that happens during rainy period increases SE. There is a negative impact on reproductive efficiency of crossbred dairy cows that had retained placenta.(AU)

Retained placenta: still a cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in a Nigerian semi-urban population

Retained placenta is associated with morbidity and mortality when left untreated. This study was done to determine the occurrence of retained placenta in our setting as well as to ascertain the possible risk factors, morbidities and mortality. This was a retrospective review of all cases of retained placenta over a three year period [March 2005 to March 2007]. There were 3542 deliveries, and of which 64 cases were of retained placenta. The incidence of retained placenta was 1.8% of all deliveries with a higher incidence in unbooked patients and a case fatality of 3.12%.The commonest complication was postpartum haemorrhage in 51[79.68%] of cases with blood transfusion rate of 47%. Complications associated with retained placenta could be reduced by adequate utilisation of health care facilities manned by skilled attendants; availability of blood transfusion services as well as effective and safe anaesthesia

Risk factors of retained placenta in Siriraj Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with retained placenta after vaginal delivery. DESIGN: Case-control study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Medical records of 234 pregnant women whose gestational age > or =28 weeks were reviewed. Cases comprised of 78 women with retained placenta after vaginal delivery and controls comprised of 156 women with spontaneous placental delivery. Associated risk factors were examined Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used for analysis of data. RESULTS: Cases were significantly older than controls (29.3 +/- 6.4 vs. 27.0 +/- 6.4 years respectively, p = 0.01). Cases were likely more significant than controls to have a previous history of uterine curettage (20.5% vs. 6.4% respectively, p = 0.001) and premature rupture of membranes (35.9% vs. 22.4% respectively, p = 0.029). Between the two groups, there were no differences in gestational age, parity, previous abortion, induction of labor, oxytocin, and pethidine usage. Logistic regression analysis showed that independent risk factors for retained placenta were age (adjusted OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.11), previous uterine curettage (adjusted OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.7-9.9), and PROM (adjusted OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-4.1). CONCLUSION: Maternal age, previous uterine curettage, and PROM were independently associated with increased risk of retained placenta. The condition should be aware of among pregnant women with such risk factors.