Simplified micromethod for the HPLC measurement of diclofenac in plasma

A simple and senmsitive micromethod based on HPLC is described for the measurement of diclofenac in 200 ul plasma. A single extraction with dichlormethane in acidic medium was an essential clean-up step. Diclofenac and its internal standard (cyclohexendiphenyl propionic acid) were eluted at 3.3 and 6.5 min from a 4-micron C18 reverse-phase column using a mobile phase consisting of 0.75 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0, and acetonitrile (55:45, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min with detection at 282 nm. The method, validated on the basis of parameters evaluated nfor the confidence limits of diclofenac measurements in spiked plasma, presented 1 ng/ml sensitivity, 10-10,000 ng/ml linearity, and 3.5% and 5.7% intra-and interassay precision, respectively. Peak plasma diclofenac levels ranging from 177 to 841 ng/ml and from 276 to 1008 ng/ml were obtained for two slow-release formulations. A wide range (1 ng/ml-3 ug/ml) was observed for plasma diclofenac levels of volunteers during a 24-h study period

Determinacao de fenobarbital por cromatografia gas-liquido sem derivacao / Phenobarbital determination by gas-liquid chromatography without derivatization

Foi proposto um metodo para determinacao de fenobarbital em plasma de pacientes submetidos a terapia antiepiletica. O metodo inclui uma extracao com cloroformio seguida de purificacao com n-hexano e acetonitrila. A quantificacao do fenobarbital foi feita por cromatografia em fase gasosa (CGL), detector de ionizacao de chama (DIC) e coluna empacotada GP 2% SP-2110/1% SP 2510-DA. O coeficiente de variacao (3,8 a 9%) e a sensibilidade do metodo (1 micro g/ml plasma) mostraram-se adequados para detectar o farmaco em concentracoes subterapeuticas, sem a necessidade de derivacao

Zinc y cobre en embarazadas y efecto en el zinc plasmático de una suplementación en el tercer trimestre de la gestación / Zinc and copper in pregnant women and effect on plasma zinc of a supplementation in the third trimester of pregnancy

Se evaluó el estado nutricional de zinc y cobre en 40 embarazadas con índice de peso normal del Area Norte de Santiago. Las madres del Grupo Control (21) recibieron atención regular de Consultorio mientras que las del Experimental (19) recibieron además, 20 mg de sulfato de zinc, diariamente, desde la semana 25. A las 13 y 37 semanas de gestación, se realizó una encuesta alimentaria y se determinó zinc y cobre en suero. La ingesta global fue insuficiente en ambos controles, especialmente la de los nutrientes estudiados (más del 70% de las madres tenían un consumo <75% de la recomendación). Los valores plasmáticos promedio fueron normales, con disminución del zinc y aumento del cobre en el control final. Sin embargo, un 22,5% tuvo valores de zinc deficientes, aumentando a 42,9% al término en el grupo no suplementado (p< 0,05). La deficiencia de cobre fue muy baja en ambos controles sin diferencias entre los grupos. No se registraron anomalías del embarazo, parto ni recién nacidos. El escaso efecto clínico de la deficiencia de estos nutrientes así como el mínimo efecto bioquímico de una suplementación con zinc sugiere la necesidad de utilizar indicadores más sensibles para evidenciar el déficit.

Efecto del ejercicio físico agudo sobre la distribución y el metabolismo de la vitamina A / Effect of acute physical exercise on the distribution and metabolism of vitamin A

Se evaluó el efecto del ejercio físico agudo sobre la distribución y el metabolismo de la vitamina A en un modelo experimental animal. Se estudiaron las concentraciones plasmáticas, hepaticas, renales, testiculares y de glándulas suprarrenales de la vitamina A y de sus principales formas moleculares: retinol y ésteres de retinol, en animales sometidos a ejercicio físico durante 2 h sin previo entrenamiento. Se observó una disminución en la concentración hepática y testicular de la vitamina A y un incremento de ésta en los riñones de los animales ejercitados. Se demostró, además, el incremento del catabolismo hepático del retinol bajo las condiones experimentales

Alteraciones electrolíticas en la hipertensión arterial esencial / Electrolytic changes in essential arterial hypertension

Se determinaron las concentraciones de sodio y potasio en plasma sanguíneo, saliva y eritrocitos en 3 grupos de pacientes. Grupo A (n=27) normotensos sin antecedentes familiares de hipertensión arterial y grupo C (n=35), individuos que padecían de hipertensión arterial. Se encontró un aumento estadísticamente significativo (p < 0,05) del sodio y una disminución del potasio intraeritrocitario, así como un aumento del sodio y potasio en la saliva en el grupo C con respecto a los demás grupos estudiados. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos A y B en ninguno de los parámetros.

Efectos de la manipulación del sueño sobre los niveles plasmáticos de inmunoglobulinas, albúmina y cortisol en sujetos voluntarios sanos / Sleep manipulation effects on plasmatic levels of inmunoglobulins albumin and cortisol in voluntary health subjects

Se estudió el efecto que dos formas de manipulación del sueño tiene sobre las inmunoglobulinas, la albúmina y el cortisol plasmáticos. Los 24 voluntarios sanos estudiados se asignaron al azar, a 3 grupos: en el primero se les privó totalmente de sueño (PST) durante 40 hr, y se recolectaron muestras plasmáticas antes de la manipulación experimental (BSL), durante la privación (TRANS) y en el seguimiento (POST). las muestras se tomaron a las 06:00 hr. A un segundo grupo de voluntarios se le privó del sueño de movimientos oculares rápidos (PSMOR-2); y al tercer grupo de sujetos se le privó de SMOR durante 6 noches (PSMOR-6). A estos dos grupos se les tomó sangre (en la situación basal y en la última nohe de manipulación del sueño), a las 06:00 hrs. En los resultados se obsevó que el grupo de PTS mostraba una disminución de los niveles de IgG en las condiciones TRANS y POST, sin cambios en el resto de las inmunoglobulinas o la albúmina, mientras que el cortisol se elevó en forma significativa en la situación TRANS. En el grupo PSMOR-2, únicamente se encontró una elevación de cortisol plasmático y, finalmente, en el grupo PSMOR-6 se detectó una elevación de la IgM

Plasma como expansor: efeito osmotico ou oncotico / Plasma like expander: osmotic or oncotic efect

Os autores analisaram os componentes do Plasma Fresco Congelado, no que se refere a taxa de albumina, glicose, ureia, sodio, potassio, pressao oncotica e osmotica. Observaram uma taxa de albumina de 3,45g, e um sodio medio de 158,8mEq/1, com uma osmolaridade media de 347,13mOsm/1 e pressao oncotica de 19,2mmHg. Frente a estes dados propoem que a propriedade expansora do plasma, se deva a uma acao mista de efieto oncotico e osmotico. Ressaltam o baixo teor de albumina e consequentemente a baixa pressao oncotica nas amostras de plasma estudadas, e comparam com dados da literatura

Quantificacao da carbamazepina e carbamazepina-10,11-epoxoxido em plasma por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiencia com finalidade de controle terapeutico / Quantification of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide by high performance liquid chromatography for therapeutic control

Foi desenvolvido um metodo empregando a cromatografia liquida de alta eficiencia para a quantificacao de carbamazepina e carbamazepina-10,11-epoxido em plasma com finalidade de controle terapeutico. Os farmacos foram extraidos com diclorometano, em meio alcalino,e cromatografados em coluna de fase reversa (C-18), usando acetonitrila: agua (1:1) como fase movel e deteccao em 220 nm. O metodo mostrou-se preciso com coeficientes de variacao para analise intra-ensaio de 2,8 e 3,8%, para a carbamazepina e seu epoxido, respectivamente. A precisao inter-ensaios foi de 4,4 e 4,7%. O metodo mostrou-se adequado para a analise da carbamazepina em plasma de pacientes sob mono ou politerapia

Changes in some essential elements in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of heroin dependent patients

Heroin is a medical, social and legal problem. In this work, the clinical data obtained from addicts were evaluated and the effect of heroin dependence on some essential elements in their plasma and cerebrospinal fluid was determined. The patients who were examined and investigated during the 1st four hours after their last heroin dose, showed no apparent clinical manifestations except for constricted pupils, while those seen from 12-36 hours after their last dose showed withdrawal manifestations of various degrees of intensity. No changes were observed in the level of the chosed elements in their plasma or CSF up to four hours after the last dose, while in patients investigated after 12-36 hours after the last dose; a significant reduction in the mean CSF concentrations of both Ca [12.02%] and Mg [32.8%] as compared to the control group was present. The concentrations in the plasma did not change

Measurement of plasma tricyclics in a Saudi population

Psychiatrists practicing in the Arab world in general have formed the impression that there is a genetic tendency for Arab people to require less than the recommended dose of tricyclic antidepressant drugs. We have measured plasma levels of tricyclics in 120 patients; the degree of clinical response in relation to diagnosis, drug used, dosage, and plasma tricyclic levels was assessed. Our findings suggest that our patient population is no different from its Western counterpart on the basis of the factors evaluated

Relation of hepatic and muscle iron uptake with plasma iron levels in a land monitor, varanus bengalensis [reptilia]

Attempts were made to relate radioiron uptake of the liver and the muscle with plasma iron levels of Varanus bengalensis using regression and correlation coefficient analysis. With increasing time after radioactive treatment of this lizard, the radioiron uptake increased in the plasma, liver and muscle. However, correlation between plasma radioiron levels and those of liver or muscle decreased with increasing time after treatment. It is expected that the demonstrated relationship between plasma and the tissues examined will be useful in routine estimation of quantity of iron in the liver and muscle of Varanus bengalensis on the basis of known plasma iron values

Serum total lipids and cholesterol in Iraqi individuals of Kufa

Total serum lipids and cholesterol levels were estimated in 112 Iraqi individuals of Kufa. The results were analysed in relation to sex, age and type of activity. The total serum lipid and cholesterol levels were found high. No significant variation was observed in relation to sex. The total serum lipids decrease in individuals engaged in heavy activity. Interest in serum Lipid concentrations in health and disease has been greatly stimulated since a close correlation has recently been shown between the raised fasting serum lipids concentrations and the prevalence of ischaemic heart diseases. Hyper lipaemia may not only accelerate blood clotting but also increases blood viscosity as well as producing increased adhesiveness and aggregation of red blood cells. It has also been shown that variations in both fat and carbohydrate composition of the diet rapidly produce distinct change in serum lipid fraction with slight immediate effects on serum cholesterol and phospholipids. The diet of a common Iraqi individual includes apparently excess amounts of carbohydrate, fat and protein which may influence the serum lipid concentrations. With these facts in mind it was thought pertinent to carry out a study of total serum lipid and cholesterol levels in subjects of either sex, of varying ages and engaged in different types of activities