Modeling Mediated Crossover Acute and Subacute Damage to the Pulmonary System During Systemic (Subcutaneous) Administration of Bleomycin in Mice to Test the Potential Therapeutic Effect of Polyphenols / Modelado del Daño Agudo y Subagudo Cruzado Mediado al Sistema Pulmonar Durante la Infección Sistémica (Subcutánea) de Administración de Bleomicina a Ratones para Probar el Posible Efecto Terapéutico de los Polifenoles

SUMMARY: The potential anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity of polyphenolic extracts of blueberry and grape was evaluated in a mouse model of lung damage induced by subcutaneous administration of bleomycin. The results of testing the polyphenolic extracts on two different systemic administration variants of bleomycin (intraperitoneal and subcutaneous) were compared. It was found that regardless of the method of bleomycin administration, indirect cross-acute and subacute damage to the pulmonary system was observed. Both patterns exhibited the same prevalence and severity. The administration of polyphenolic extracts of blueberry and grape to mice resulted in a significant decrease in theseverity of acute and subacute patterns of lung damage, suggesting their protective properties for the microcirculatory bed and a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.

La potencial actividad antiinflamatoria y antifibrótica de los extractos polifenólicos de arándano y uva se evaluó en un modelo de daño pulmonar en ratón inducido por la administración subcutánea de bleomicina. Se compararon los resultados de las pruebas de los extractos polifenólicos en dos variantes diferentes de administración sistémica de bleomicina (intraperitoneal y subcutánea). Se encontró que, independientemente del método de administración de bleomicina, se observaba daño indirecto cruzado, agudo y subagudo al sistema pulmonar. Ambos patrones exhibieron la misma prevalencia y gravedad. La administración de extractos polifenólicos de arándano y uva a ratones dio como resultado una disminución significativa en la gravedad de los patrones agudos y subagudos de daño pulmonar, lo que sugiere sus propiedades protectoras del lecho micro- circulatorio y un efecto antiinflamatorio pronunciado.

Potential antifibrotic effect of blueberry and grape polyphenol extracts in acute and subacute bleomycin-induced lung tissue injury models in mice / Potencial efecto antifibrótico de los extractos de polifenoles de arándano y uva en modelos de lesión tisular pulmonar aguda y subaguda inducida por bleomicina en ratones

SUMMARY: An experimental morphological and morphometric study of the antifibrotic function of blueberry and grape extracts was carried out on a model of lung injury in mice induced by intraperitoneal administration of bleomycin. During intraperitoneal administration of bleomycin to mice, acute and subacute damage to the pulmonary system was noted. Both patterns had the same prevalence and severity. The administration of polyphenolic extracts of blueberry and grape to mice showed a significant reduction in the severity of the acute and subacute pattern of lung injury. Blueberry and grape extracts reduce the acute phase of damage to the microvasculature, enhance phagocytic function, have an anti-inflammatory effect, reducing the degree of lymphohistiocytic infiltration and locoregional foci of residual inflammatory effects.

Se realizó un estudio experimental morfológico y morfométrico de la función antifibrótica de extractos de arándano y uva en un modelo de lesión pulmonar en ratones inducida por la administración intraperitoneal de bleomicina. Durante la administración intraperitoneal de bleomicina a ratones, se observaron daños agudos y subagudos en el sistema pulmonar. Ambos patrones tuvieron la misma prevalencia y severidad. La administración de extractos polifenólicos de arándano y uva a ratones mostró una reducción significativa en la severidad del patrón agudo y subagudo de lesión pulmonar. Los extractos de arándano y uva reducen la fase aguda del daño a la microvasculatura, mejoran la función fagocítica, tienen un efecto antiinflamatorio, reducen el grado de infiltración linfohistiocítica y los focos locorregionales de efectos inflamatorios residuales.

Efectos sobre el comportamiento de ratas Wistar tratadas con el compuesto fenólico DM1 / Behavioral effects of the DM1 phenolic compound in Wistar rats

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del compuesto fenólico polifuncional DM1 sobre el comportamiento motor, exploratório y ansiedad en ratas Wistar, analizadas en campo abierto (CA) y laberinto en cruz elevada (LCE). Se utilizaron 40 ratas Wistar adultas, divididas en 5 grupos (n= 8): Control (vehículo), DZP (Diazepam-2 mg/kg), DM1-150 mg/kg, DM1-300 mg/kg y DM1-450 mg/kg. Los animales fueron evaluados por un período de cinco minutos en CA y en el LCE, 30 min después de las administraciones (vía intraperitoneal). La evaluación en CA demostró reducción de la locomoción en los grupos DZP, DM1-300 y DM1-450 en relación al grupo control. Aumentó la locomoción en el grupo DM1-150 en relación al grupo DZP y disminuyó la locomoción en el grupo DM1-300 en relación al grupo DM1-150. Hubo disminución del levantar del grupo DZP en relación al grupo control. El grupo DM1-150 presentó aumento del levantar en relación al grupo DZP. Aumentó el tiempo estático (TE) en el grupo DZP y se redujo en el grupo DM1-300, ambos en relación al grupo control. El grupo DM1-150 presentó disminución del TE en relación al grupo DZP. La evaluación LCE presentó reducción del número de entradas en los brazos abiertos en el grupo DZP en relación al grupo control. Hubo reducción del número de entradas en los brazos cerrados en el grupo DZP en relación al grupo control y aumento de este parámetro en el grupo DM1-150 mg en relación al grupo DZP. Se redujó el número de cruzamientos entre los brazos cerrados en el grupo DZP en relación al grupo control. Los resultados en conjunto, sugieren que las dosis del compuesto fenólico polifuncional DM1 por sobre 150mg, tienen influencia en el estado emocional de los animales, indicando posible acción sedativa con probable inducción de relajamiento muscular.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of polyfunctional phenolic compound DM1 on the motor behavior, exploratory and anxiety in Wistar rats tested in open field (OF) and in elevated plus-maze (EPM). We used 40 adult Wistar rats divided in 5 groups (n= 8): Control (vehicle), DZP (diazepam-2 mg/kg), DM1-150 mg/kg, DM1-300 mg/kg and DM1-450 mg/kg. The animals were evaluated for a period of five minutes in the OF and EPM, 30 min after administrations (intraperitoneally). The evaluation in OF showed reduction in the locomotion in the DZP, DM1-300 and DM1-450 groups relative to the control group. It increased locomotion in DM1-150 group relative to the DZP group and decreased locomotion in DM1-300 group relative to the group DM1-150. There was decrease of the lifting action in the DZP group relative to the control group. The DM1-150 group presented increase of the lifting action compared to DZP group. It increased the static time (ST) in the DZP group and decreased in the DM1-300 group, both in relation to the control group. The DM1-150 group presented decrease of the ST compared to DZP group. The EPM evaluation presented reducing the number of entries into the open arms in the DZP group relative to the control group. There was reduction in the number of entries into the closed arms in the DZP group relative to the control and increase of this parameter in the DM1-150 group in relation to DZP group. The number of crossings between the closed arms in the DZP group relative to the control group decreased. The overall results suggest that the dose of polyfunctional phenolic compound DM1 above 150 mg have influence on the emotional state of the animals, indicating possible sedative action likely induction of muscle relaxation.

La acción cardioprotectora del uso moderado de alcohol / Cardio protector action of the alcohol moderated usage

Introducción: el objetivo de esta revisión fue enfocar el conocimiento de los beneficios cardiovasculares del consumo moderado de alcohol, así como para analizar los efectos de los diferentes tipos de bebidas alcohólicas. Discusión: el consumo fuerte de alcohol indiscutiblemente lleva a una morbimortalidad aumentada, el consumo moderado del alcohol, especialmente las bebidas alcohólicas ricas en polifenoles, como el vino y cerveza, parece conferir efectos de protección cardiovascular en los pacientes portadores de esta enfermedad, e incluso en las personas saludables. Conclusiones: en conclusiones, el vino y la cerveza (pero el vino especialmente tinto) parece conferir protección cardiovascular mayor que las espirituosas debido a su volumen de polifenoles. Sin embargo, la bebida debe tomarse con cautela y seguir las recomendaciones sociales relacionadas al consumo del alcohol.

Introduction: the aim of this review was focusing on the knowledge of the cardiovascular benefits of moderate alcohol consumption, as well as analyzing the effects of the different kinds of alcoholic beverages. Discussion: heavy or binge alcohol consumption unquestionably leads to an increased morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, moderate alcohol consumption, especially alcoholic beverages rich in polyphenols, such as wine and beer, seems to confer cardiovascular protective effects in patients with documented CVD and even in healthy subjects. Conclusions: in conclusion, wine and beer (and especially red wine) seem to confer greater cardiovascular protection than spirituous beverages because of their polyphenolic content. However, caution should be taken when drinking and social recommendations related to alcohol consumption should be followed.

Compuestos bioactivos e inflamaciónligada a obesidad / Bioactive compounds and inflammation linked to obesity

Obesity has emerged among the major worldwide health threats. This pathology is characterized by the presence of a chronic inflammatory state in the overgrowing adipose tissue. This state has been related with an increased monocyte infiltration, and consequently with an establishment of an adipocyte-macrophage interaction, which in turn has been linked with the onset of obesity-related insulin resistance. Consequently, reducing this pathogenic crosstalk could comprise an interesting approach to counteract this inflammation. In this context, the screening of natural compounds with known anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties over this crosstalk could be of highly significance. Popular culture and some investigations have point out that foods richs in polyphenols and essential fatty acids are known to possess these characteristics. It has been described that isolated bioactive compounds presents promising beneficial properties against the expression or secretion of inflammatory markers that are induced by the adipocyte-macrophage communication. Therefore, the proper evaluation of these compounds or the identification of new ones with potential characteristics is actually needed in aiming to reduce the increasing tendency of obesity-related pathologies, such as type 2 diabetes...

Protective effect of secondary plant metabolites from Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. against carbofuran induced damages.

Plausible interactions between food contaminants and natural constituents in vivo and protective effect of polyphenols present in I. aquatica against carbofuran toxicity in Charles Foster rats were evaluated. Determinations based on antioxidant enzyme activities showed significant alterations in glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in tissues (liver and brain) and plasma of pesticide treated group while polyphenolic extracts from I. aquatica (IAE) attenuated their activities when given alongwith carbofuran. IAE decreased enhanced lipid peroxidation levels in plasma and erythrocyte membrane and cholesterol levels in brain and plasma. IAE also minimized histopathological degenerative changes produced by carbofuran. While single cell gel electrophoresis showed that secondary metabolites in leafy vegetables produced a combinatorial effect with pesticide at cellular level, DNA fragmentation level in bone marrow cells showed a decline in the IAE treated rats. Food safety adversely affected by various chemical contaminants can be retained by plant polyphenols and secondary plant constituents that can be found together in bolus. Therefore, the present study gives an insight into the protective role of naturally found polyphenols against pesticide toxicity.

Restrição materna de polifenóis e dinâmica ductal fetal na gestação normal: um ensaio clínico aberto / Maternal restriction of polyphenols and fetal ductal dynamics in normal pregnancy: an open clinical trial

FUNDAMENTOS: Recentemente demonstramos reversão da constrição ductal fetal após redução da ingesta materna de alimentos ricos em polifenóis (ARP), por sua ação inibidora da síntese das prostaglandinas. OBJETIVOS: Testar a hipótese de que fetos normais no 3º trimestre também melhoram a dinâmica ductal após restrição materna de polifenóis. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico aberto com 46 fetos com idade gestacional (IG) > 28 semanas submetidos a dois estudos Dopplerecocardiográficos com intervalo de duas semanas, sendo os examinadores cegados para os hábitos alimentares maternos. Um questionário de frequência alimentar validado para esse objetivo foi aplicado e uma dieta com alimentos pobres em polifenóis (< 30 mg/100 mg) foi orientada. Um grupo controle de 26 fetos no 3º trimestre foi submetido ao mesmo protocolo. Utilizou-se o teste-t para amostras independentes. RESULTADOS: A IG média foi 33 ± 2 semanas. A média do consumo materno diário de polifenóis (CMDP) foi 1277 mg, caindo para 126 mg após orientação (p = 0,0001). Ocorreu diminuição significativa nas Velocidades Ductais Sistólica (VSD) e Diastólica (VDD) e na relação dos diâmetros ventriculares (VD/VE), assim como aumento do índice de pulsatilidade (IP) [VSD = 1,2 ± 0,4 m/s (0,7-1,6) para 0,9 ± 0,3 m/s (0,6-1,3) (p = 0,018);VDD = 0,21 ± 0,09 m/s (0,15-0,32) para 0,18 ± 0,06 m/s (0,11-0,25) (p = 0,016); relação VD/VE = 1,3 ± 0,2 (0,9-1,4) para 1,1 ± 0,2 (0,8 - 1,3) (p = 0,004); IP do ducto = 2,2 ± 0,03 (2,0-2,7) para 2,4 ± 0,4 (2,2-2,9) (p = 0,04)]. A IG média dos controles foi de 32 ± 4 semanas, não ocorrendo diferenças significativas no CMDP, nas velocidades ductais, no IP do ducto e na relação VD/VE. CONCLUSÃO: A restrição da ingesta de alimentos ricos em polifenóis no 3º trimestre por duas semanas melhora a dinâmica do fluxo no ducto arterioso fetal e as dimensões do VD.

BACKGROUND:We have recently demonstrated reversal of fetal ductal constriction after dietary maternal restriction of polyphenol-rich foods (PRF), due to its inhibitory action on prostaglandin synthesis. OBJECTIVE: To test the hyphotesis that normal third trimester fetuses also improve ductus arteriosus dynamics after maternal restriction of polyphenols. METHODS: Open clinical trial with 46 fetuses with gestational age (GA) > 28 weeks submitted to 2 Doppler echocardiographic studies with an interval of at least 2 weeks, being the examiners blinded to maternal dietary habits. A validated food frequency questionnaire was applied and a diet based on polyphenol-poor foods (<30mg/100mg) was recommended. A control group of 26 third trimester fetuses was submitted to the same protocol. Statistics used t test for independent samples. RESULTS: Mean GA was 33±2 weeks. Mean daily maternal estimated polyphenol intake (DMPI) was 1277mg, decreasing to 126mg after dietary orientation (p=0.0001). Significant decreases in systolic (SDV) and diastolic (DDV) ductal velocities, and RV/LV diameters ratio, as well as increase in ductal PI were observed [DSV=1.2±0.4m/s (0.7-1.6) to 0.9±0.3m/s (0.6-1.3) (p=0.018); DDV=0.21±0.09m/s (0.15-0.32) to 0.18±0.06m/s (0.11-0.25) (p=0.016); RV/LV ratio =1.3±0.2 (0.9-1.4) to 1.1±0.2 (0.8-1.3) (p=0.004); ductal PI=2.2±0.03 (2.0-2.7) to 2.4±0.4(2.2-2.9) (p=0.04)]. In the control group, with GA of 32±4 weeks, there were no significant differences in DMPI, mean SDV, DDV, PI and RV/LV ratio. CONCLUSION: The oriented restriction of third trimester maternal ingestion of polyphenol-rich foods for a period of 2 weeks or more improve fetal ductus arteriosus flow dynamics and right ventricular dimensions.

Utilización de extractos de avena sativa l. en dermatitis / Utilization of avena sativa l. extract in dermatitis

Los polifenoles (flavonoides y antocianinas) están ampliamente distribuidos entre las diferentes especies vegetales. Estos poseen gran capacidad antioxidante; existiendo correlación positiva entre la actividad antioxidante y los polifenoles totales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar: 1° El contenido de polifenoles y antocianas totales de semillas, glumelas y extracto acuoso de Avena sativa L. 2° El efecto de la aplicación tópica de extracto acuoso de avena en 45 casos (10 mujeres y 35 hombres, entre 1 y 56 años de edad) con dermatitis atópica, dermatitis de contacto irritativa y dermatitis de contacto alérgica; y 30 controles normales (15 mujeres y 15 hombres, entre 1 y 60 años de edad). Tratamiento: aplicación de compresas del extracto crudo de avena en la piel dañada durante 5 minutos, seguida de la colocación de la biomasa (T°= 33 + 2°C) cubierta por una tela de gasa durante 5 minutos. Dicha biomasa se retira con el extracto de avena líquido. Entre 1 y 36 meses de iniciado el tratamiento se observó remisión de los síntomas cutáneos. El extracto acuoso, la biomasa de Avena sativa L., glumelas y semillas enteras contenían 6.12+0,45, 46,11+0,36, 212,81+0,19 y 286,60+0,50 mg/100 g ác. Gálico, respectivamente, de polifenoles totales.

Polyphenols (flavonoids and anthocyanins) are widely spread among the different vegetables species. They have a big antioxidant capacity. One important correlation exists between the antioxidant activity and the quantity of total polyphenols. The objective of this work was to evaluate: 1- the contents of polyphenols and anthocyanins of whole seeds, glumes and aqueous extract of Avena Sativa L., 2- the effects of topical application of aqueous extract of Avena sativa L. in 45 patients (10 females and 35 males, between 1 and 56 years olds) with Atopic Dermatitis, Contact Irritative Dermatitis and Contact Allergic Dermatitis, and 30 normal controls (15 females and 15 males, between 1 and 60 years olds). Treatment: were applications of compress of aqueous extract Avena Sativa L over the damaged skin for approximately five minutes, immediately after, one must cover with the biomass of oat (T° = 33 + 2 C°) and a clothe for five minutes. The biomass was removed using the Avena Sativa L. acqueous extract. Remissions of the cutaneous symptoms were noticed between 1 and 36 months after the beginning of the treatment. Aqueous extract, Avena Sativa L. biomass, glumes and whole seeds contents were: 6.12+0.45; 46.11+0.36, 212.81+0.19 y 286.60+0.50 mg/100 g gallic ac., respectively, of total polyphenols.