Ansiedade cardíaca no perioperatório de cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio e de correção de valvopatias / Cardiac anxiety in the perioperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting and valvular heart disease surgeries

Objetivo: Comparar os sintomas de Ansiedade Cardíaca (AC) em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca no pré-operatório, no dia da alta hospitalar e no primeiro retorno, e investigar a associação desses sintomas com variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e com os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Método: Estudo observacional analítico, de coorte prospectivo, realizado em um hospital universitário do interior paulista. Uma amostra consecutiva e não probabilística foi constituída por pacientes de ambos os sexos, maiores de 18 anos, submetidos a Cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio (CRM) e cirurgias para correção de valvopatia. Para a avaliação dos sintomas de AC foi utilizado o "Questionário de Ansiedade Cardíaca". A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas individuais e consulta aos prontuários dos participantes em três momentos: T0 (pré-operatório), T1 (pós-operatório, no dia da alta hospitalar) e T2 [primeiro retorno, que ocorre 14 dias (± 7 dias) após alta hospitalar]. Para compararmos os sintomas de AC nos três tempos, utilizamos o teste de Friedman e para investigarmos a correlação dos sintomas de AC com os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, utilizamos o teste de Correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 92 pacientes, sendo 34 submetidos à CRM e 58 a correção cirúrgica de valvopatia. Com relação aos pacientes submetidos a CRM, a média de idade encontrada foi de 62,4 anos, maioria do sexo masculino (64%) e com companheiro (67,6%). Os valores dos postos dos sintomas de AC total foram maiores no dia da alta quando comparados com o préoperatório, assim como os sintomas de AC no dia do primeiro retorno quando comparados com o pré-operatório. Pacientes idosos apresentaram maiores escores de AC no pré-operatório. Quanto aos sintomas de ansiedade, foi encontrada correlação moderada com os sintomas de AC nos três tempos. Já nos pacientes submetidos a correção cirúrgica de valvopatia, a média de idade encontrada foi de 54,4 anos, maioria do sexo feminino (51,7%) e com companheiro (70,7%). Os valores dos postos dos sintomas de AC total foram maiores no primeiro retorno quando comparados com o pré-operatório. Pacientes inativos no pré-operatório apresentaram maiores escores de AC. Encontramos fraca correlação da AC dos pacientes com sintomas de ansiedade no pré-operatório e correlação moderada com os sintomas de depressão no préoperatório. Conclusão: Pacientes submetidos à CRM apresentaram maior sintomatologia de AC no dia da alta e no primeiro retorno quando comparados com o pré-operatório, e quanto mais sintomas de AC, mais sintomas de ansiedade nos três tempos estudados. Pacientes idosos apresentaram maior sintomatologia de AC. Os pacientes submetidos à correção de valvopatias apresentaram maior sintomatologia de AC no primeiro retorno quando comparada com o préoperatório, e quanto mais sintomas de AC no pré-operatório, mais sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Pacientes inativos apresentaram maior sintomatologia de AC.

Objective: To compare the symptoms of Cardiac Anxiety (CA) in patients who underwent cardiac surgery preoperatively, on the day of hospital discharge and on the first return, and investigate the association of these symptoms with sociodemographic and clinical variables and with the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Method: Analytical observational study, with prospective cohort, held in a university hospital in the countryside of São Paulo. A consecutive and non-probabilistic sample consisted of patients of both genders, over 18 years old, who underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) and surgeries for correction of valvular heart disease. The "Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire" was used to assess the symptoms of CA. Data collection took place through individual interviews and consultation of the participants' medical records in three moments: T0 (preoperative), T1 (postoperative, on the day of hospital discharge) and T2 [first return, which happens 14 days (± 7 days) after hospital discharge]. To compare the symptoms of CA in the three stages, we used the Friedman's test; and, to investigate the correlation of the symptoms of CA with the symptoms of anxiety and depression, we used the Spearman's Correlation test. The level of significance was 5%. Results: The study was attended by 92 patients, 34 underwent CABG and 58 surgical correction of valvular heart disease. Regarding patients who underwent CABG, the average age found was 62.4 years, mostly male (64%) and with a partner (67.6%). The presented values of the total symptoms of CA were higher on the day of discharge when compared to the preoperative period, as well as the symptoms of CA on the day of the first return when compared to the preoperative period. Elderly patients presented higher preoperative scores of CA. Regarding the symptoms of anxiety, we found a moderate correlation with the symptoms of CA in the three moments. As for the patients who underwent the surgical correction of valvular heart disease, the average age found was 54.4 years, mostly female (51.7%) and with a partner (70.7%). The presented values of the total symptoms of CA were higher in the first return when compared to the preoperative period. Preoperative inactive patients presented higher scores of CA. We found a weak correlation of CA in patients with symptoms of anxiety in the preoperative period and a moderate correlation with symptoms of depression in the preoperative period. Conclusion: Patients who underwent CABG presented a greater number of symptoms of CA on the day of discharge and on the first return when compared with the preoperative period; and the more symptoms of CA, the more symptoms of anxiety in the three studied periods. Elderly patients presented a greater number of symptoms of CA. Patients who underwent correction of valvular diseases presented a greater number of symptoms of CA in the first return when compared to the preoperative period; and the more symptoms of CA in the preoperative period, the more symptoms of anxiety and depression. Inactive patients presented a greater number of symptoms of CA.

Evaluation of depression and anxiety in coronary artery bypass surgery patients: a prospective clinical study

Abstract Objective: The aim of this clinical study is to determine the depression and anxiety levels in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery patients in the pre and postoperative periods. Methods: This clinical prospective study was done with 65 patients. Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) tests were performed in patients who had a diagnosis of coronary artery disease and were awaiting CABG surgery. These patients presented characteristic symptoms of anxiety and depression and BDI and BAI tests are important to assess these symptoms. Results: We found out that depression and anxiety levels were higher in the postoperative than in the preoperative period (P<0.001). Both anxiety and depression levels were increased significantly following CABG operation when compared with preoperative levels in all patients. Statistical correlation of depression and anxiety in different ages, genders, and professions were evaluated too, but we did not found a correlation between them (P>0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that good management of the psychological condition of cardiac surgery candidates, as well as post-bypass patients, will improve quality of life and cardiovascular outcomes in these patients.

Myocardial revascularization: factors intervening in the reference and counter-reference in the hospital setting / Revascularización miocárdica: factores interventores en la referencia y contrarreferencia en el escenario hospitalario / Revascularização miocárdica: fatores interventores na referência e contrarreferência no cenário hospitalar

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the intervening factors in the process of reference and counter-reference of the individual with heart disease in the scenario of high complexity in the health care network. Method: Research anchored in the Grounded Theory (Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados). It totaled 21 participants. The data collection scenario was a cardiovascular reference hospital in the south of Brazil and occurred between March and June 2014. Results: The intervening factors in the reference process were the difficulty to access the points of the network and telemedicine and the central to manage the flow of patients in the network. In the counter-reference, there was a link with the hospital and the lack of communication among network professionals. Conclusion: It reveals the need to reorganize the service flow in HCN, enhancing PHC, expanding the performance of medium complexity and increasing the capacity of high complexity in order to carry out the process of reference and counter-reference.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender los factores interventores en el proceso de referencia y contrarreferencia del individuo con cardiopatía en el escenario de la alta complejidad en la red de atención a la salud. Métodos: Investigación anclada en la Teoría Fundamentada en Datos. Totalizó a 21 participantes. El escenario de recolección de datos fue un hospital referencia cardiovascular en el sur de Brasil y ocurrió entre marzo y junio de 2014. Resultados: Se evidencia como factores interventores en el proceso de referencia la dificultad del acceso a los puntos de la red y la telemedicina y la central de regulación para gestión del flujo de pacientes en la red. En la contrarreferencia, el vínculo con el hospital y la ausencia de comunicación entre los profesionales de la red. Conclusión: Se revela la necesidad de reorganización del flujo de atención en la RAS, potenciando la APS, expandiendo la actuación de la media complejidad y ampliando la capacidad de la alta complejidad a fin de ejecutar el proceso de referencia y contrarreferencia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender os fatores interventores no processo de referência e contrarreferência do indivíduo com cardiopatia no cenário da alta complexidade na rede de atenção à saúde. Métodos: Pesquisa ancorada na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Totalizou 21 participantes. O cenário de coleta de dados foi um hospital referência cardiovascular no sul do Brasil e ocorreu entre março e junho de 2014. Resultados: Evidencia-se como fatores interventores no processo de referência a dificuldade de acesso aos pontos da rede e a telemedicina e a central de regulação para gestão do fluxo de pacientes na rede. Na contrarreferência, o vínculo com o hospital e a ausência de comunicação entre os profissionais da rede. Conclusão: Revela a necessidade de reorganização do fluxo de atendimento na RAS, potencializando a APS, expandindo a atuação da média complexidade e ampliando a capacidade da alta complexidade a fim de efetivar o processo de referência e contrarreferência.

Impact of experiencing acute coronary syndrome prior to open heart surgery on psychiatric status

Abstract Objective: The incidence of depression and anxiety is higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study is to determine whether experiencing acute coronary syndrome prior to open heart surgery affects patients in terms of depression, hopelessness, anxiety, fear of death and quality of life. Methods: The study included 63 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery between January 2015 and January 2016. The patients were divided into two groups: those diagnosed after acute coronary syndrome (Group 1) and those diagnosed without acute coronary syndrome (Group 2). Beck depression scale, Beck hopelessness scale, Templer death anxiety scale and death depression scale, State-Trait anxiety inventory and WHOQOL-Bref quality of life scale were applied. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the total score obtained from Beck depression scale, Beck hopelessness scale - future-related emotions, loss of motivation, future-related expectations subgroups, death anxiety scale, the death depression scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - social and environmental subgroups. The mental quality of life sub-scores of group 2 were significantly higher. The patients in both groups were found to be depressed and hopeless about the future. Anxiety levels were found to be significantly higher in all of the patients in both groups. Conclusion: Acute coronary syndrome before coronary artery bypass surgery impairs more the quality of life in mental terms. But unexpectedly there are no differences in terms of depression, hopelessness, anxiety and fear of death.

Impact of Cardiovascular Interventions on the Quality of Life in the Elderly

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The elderly population is growing rapidly. Political and socio-economic changes led to the demographic transition in this population with the highest number of surgeries and as well as many comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of cardiovascular intervention on quality of life of elderly patients after three and six months. METHODS: Analytical prospective cohort study with elderly between 60 and 80 years of age, of both sexes, with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease and underwent cardiovascular intervention during the period June 2010 to June 2011. Data were collected by individual interviews in the pre and postoperative periods (after three and six months) by telephone. We used the SF-36 to analyse quality of life in order to assess the physical and mental health of the study population. RESULTS: Of the 44 individuals evaluated, 59.1% were men, 75% in the range of 65 to 74 years, 38.6% were white and 38.6% were black, 31.8% were uneducated, 43.2% were married and 68.2% had less than a minimum wage. Prevailed patients: non-diabetics (68.2%), non-obese (81.8%), hypertensive (84.1%), non-alcoholic and non-smokers (68.2% and 61.4%, respectively). A significant increase in the average of the SF-36 scores between pre and post-surgical periods (three and six months) for the domains: functional capacity, pain, general health, vitality and emotional aspect. CONCLUSION: The elderly population undergoing intervention may have cardiovascular benefits and improvements of quality of life. Physical fitness improvement measures can be taken to resume that capability.

Depression after CABG: a prospective study / Depressão após revascularização do miocárdio: um estudo prospectivo

INTRODUCTION: Depression during or shortly after hospitalization elevated two to three times the risk of mortality or nonfatal cardiac events, significantly increasing the morbidity and mortality of these patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of revascularization on symptoms of depression in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 57 patients of both sexes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting between June 2010 and June 2011. We used the SF-36 to assess quality of life, and the Beck Depression Inventory to detect depressive symptoms, applied preoperatively and six months. RESULTS: The prevalence of patients aged 60-69 years was 22 patients (38.60%), 39 men (68.42%), 26 described themselves as mixed race (45.61%), 16 literate (28.07 %) and 30 married (52.63%). The beck depression inventory score demonstrated increased after revascularization: 15 patients mild (26.32%) at time zero to 17 (29.82%) after. And with moderate, seven patients (12.28%) before and 10 (17.54%) after. In the categories of individuals with decreased minimum degree of 32 (56.14%) to 28 (49.12%), and severe of three (5.26%) for two (3.51%) patients. Association was observed between beck depression inventory, gender, age, lifestyle, comorbidities and quality of life. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of elevated beck depression inventory scores, lowest scores of depressive symptoms among men and association between the improvement of quality of life scores and beck depression inventory.

INTRODUÇÃO: A depressão durante ou logo após a hospitalização, eleva duas a três vezes o risco de mortalidade ou eventos cardíacos não-fatais, aumentando sensivelmente a morbimortalidade desses pacientes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da revascularização do miocárdio nos sintomas de depressão de pacientes portadores de doença arterial coronariana. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo de 57 pacientes de ambos os sexos, submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio, entre junho de 2010 e junho de 2011. Foram utilizados os questionários SF-36 para avaliar a qualidade de vida, e o Inventário de Depressão Beck para detectar sintomas depressivos, aplicados no pré-operatório e após seis meses. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de pacientes na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos foi de 22 (38,60%) pacientes, 39 (68,42%) homens, 26(45,61%) autodeclarados pardos, 16 (28,07%) alfabetizados e 30 (52,63%) casados. O escore Inventário de Depressão Beck demonstrou aumento após a revascularização de 15 (26,32%) pacientes em grau leve no momento zero para 17 (29,82%) após. E com grau moderado, sete (12,28%) pacientes antes e 10 (17,54%) após. Nas categorias de indivíduos com grau mínimo houve redução de 32 (56,14%) para 28 (49,12%) e grave de três (5,26%) para dois (3,51%) pacientes. Observou-se associação entre Inventário de Depressão Beck, sexo, idade, estilo de vida, comorbidades e a qualidade vida. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se elevada prevalência de escores elevados de inventário de depressão Beck, piores escores de sintomas depressivos entre homens e associação entre a melhoria dos escores de qualidade de vida e o Inventário de Depressão Beck.

Significando o processo de viver a cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica: mudanças no estilo de vida / Significado del proceso de vivir después de cirugía de revascularización miocárdica: cambios en el estilo de vida / Meaning the process of living the coronary artery bypass graft surgery: changes in lifestyle

O estudo objetivou compreender como os pacientes significam seu processo de viver após a experiência cirúrgica de revascularização miocárdica. Será apresentada, neste artigo, uma categoria e sete subcategorias, que representam as mudanças significadas a partir dessa experiência, ou seja, as "consequências", componente do modelo paradigmático, segundo a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, método do estudo. Participaram, da coleta de dados, 23 sujeitos. As entrevistas foram semiestruturadas e ocorreram no período de outubro de 2010 a agosto de 2011. As mudanças significadas relacionam-se aos aspectos de vida social e sexual, trabalho, alimentação, atividade física e tratamento medicamentoso. Conclui-se que a experiência cirúrgica de revascularização incita o refletir e o (re)pensar o estilo de vida, apresenta limitações e dificuldades que desafiam adaptações nos hábitos cotidianos dos pacientes e familiares para um processo de viver mais saudável.

El objetivo de este estudio fue entender cómo los pacientes significan su proceso de vivir después de experiencia quirúrgica de revascularización miocárdica. Se presentará, una categoría y siete subcategorías que representan cambios significativos de esa experiencia, es decir, las "consecuencias", el modelo de componentes de paradigma, de acuerdo con la teoría fundamentada, el método de estudio. Participó en la recogida de datos de 23 sujetos. Las entrevistas fueron semiestructuradas en el período de octubre de 2010 a agosto de 2011. Los cambios significativos se relacionan con aspectos de la vida social y sexual, trabajo, alimentación, actividad física y el tratamiento farmacológico. Llegamos a la conclusión de que la experiencia de revascularización quirúrgica anima a la reflexión y a (re pensar en el estilo de vida, tiene sus limitaciones y dificultades por los cambios en los hábitos diarios del pacientes y familiares para un proceso de vivir más saludables.

The study aimed to understand how patients mean your experience process of living after surgical revascularization. Will be presented in this article, a category and seven subcategories that represent significant changes from that experience, that is, the "consequences" component of the paradigm model, according to Grounded Theory, method of study. Participated in data collection 23 subjects The interviews were semi-structured and took place from October 2010 to August 2011. Significant changes are related to aspects of social and sexual life, work, diet, physical activity and drug treatment. We conclude that surgical revascularization experience encourages the reflection and the (re) think the lifestyle, it has limitations and difficulties that challenge changes in daily habits of patients and families to live a healthier process.

Efeitos de orientações fisioterapêuticas sobre a ansiedade de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica / Effects of physiotherapeutic instructions on anxiety of CABG patients

INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia de revascularização é uma opção de tratamento para as doenças cardiovasculares, sendo que os indivíduos a esta submetidos podem sofrer quadros de ansiedade pré-operatória. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é verificar os efeitos de orientações fisioterapêuticas sobre o nível de ansiedade em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico randomizado, com amostra composta por 51 indivíduos, sendo 27 do grupo controle e 24 de intervenção, nos quais foram avaliados os níveis de ansiedade (Escala de Beck) e dor (Escala Análogo Visual), nos períodos pré e pós-operatório, sendo que somente o grupo intervenção recebeu orientações sobre os procedimentos cirúrgicos e exercícios ventilatórios. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados os testes de Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney e Spearman. RESULTADOS: Observaram-se escores de ansiedade mais baixos nos pacientes que receberam a intervenção antes da cirurgia (9,6 ± 7,2 versus 13,4 ± 5,9, P=0,02). No grupo controle, a diferença entre os escores de ansiedade antes e após a cirurgia foi significativa (P=0,003). Os indivíduos do sexo feminino apresentaram-se mais ansiosos no pré-operatório comparados aos do sexo masculino (P=0,058). Verificou-se também relação entre o tempo de permanência no hospital e ansiedade pós-operatória (P=0,05), sendo que os indivíduos mais ansiosos permaneceram internados por maior período de tempo. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes orientados e instruídos, quanto a exercícios ventilatórios fisioterapêuticos e rotinas hospitalares, tiveram menores níveis de ansiedade no pré-operatório, quando comparados ao grupo controle. Entretanto, no período pós-operatório, ambos os grupos tiveram seus níveis de ansiedade reduzidos, sem diferença significativa entre eles

INTRODUCTION: The coronary artery bypass graft surgery is an option of treatment for cardiovascular diseases, and the patients who underwent such procedure can suffer from preoperative anxiety. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to verify the effects of physiotherapeutic instructions at the anxiety level on patients undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial, with the sample composed by 51 individuals, 27 on the control group and 24 on the intervention; on which it was assessed the anxiety (Beck Scale for Anxiety) and pain (Visual Analog Scale) levels on the pre- and postoperative period and only the second group received instructions about the surgery procedures and ventilatory exercises. For statistical analysis the Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests were used. RESULTS: The lower anxiety levels were observed in patients that received the intervention on the period before surgery (9.6 ± 7.2 versus 13.4 ± 5.9, P=0.02). On the control group, the difference among the anxiety levels before and after the surgery was statistically significant (P= 0.003). The female individuals presented more anxious before the surgery compared to the male ones (P=0.058). It was also verified a relationship between lenght of stay at hospital and postoperative anxiety (P=0.05), where the more anxious individuals remained more time at the hospital. CONCLUSION: Patients oriented and instructed about physiotherapeutic ventilatory exercises and hospital routine, presented their levels of anxiety reduced on the preoperative compared to the control group. However, at the postoperative, both groups presented their anxiety levels reduced without significant difference between them

Effects of progressive muscular relaxation training on quality of life in anxious patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Background & objectives: Evidences suggest that relaxation therapy may improve psychological outcomes in heart patients. We evaluated the effect of progressive muscular relaxation (PMR) training in decreasing anxiety and improving quality of life among anxious patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Method: This study was an open uncontrolled trial. The sample included 110 anxious patients referred to the cardiac rehabilitation clinic of Tehran Heart Center, Tehran, Iran, during six weeks after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Patients were allocated to receive both exercise training and lifestyle education plus relaxation therapy (relaxation group; n=55) or only exercise training beside lifestyle education (control group or the recipient of usual care group; n=55). Duration of the relaxation therapy was 6 wk and in the case of usual care was 8 wk. Both the groups were followed up one month after completion of intervention. Anxiety and quality of life in the two treatment groups were compared. Results: There were no signifi cant differences in overall QOL, state anxiety and trait anxiety scores between the two groups before intervention. Signifififi cant reductions in state anxiety (P<0.01) and trait anxiety (P<0.01) levels were observed in relaxation group after intervention compared to control group. Women had high state anxiety and a low quality of life than men in the two groups before intervention. After intervention, there was no difference between men and women in the relaxation group. Interpretation & conclusions: Our fi ndings show that progressive muscular relaxation training may be an effective therapy for improving psychological health and quality of life in anxious heart patients.

[Comparative study of the effects of education using VCD and booklet in two different times on pre-operative anxiety]

Nowadays, CABG is classified among the most common and risky surgeries. Since heart is a vital organ, patients confronting this kind of surgery, experience more anxiety than the patients having other surgeries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of education using VCD and booklet on pre-operative anxiety of CABG candidates in two different times, in Tehran Heart Center-year 2006. In this clinical trial study, one hundred and twenty 45-65 years old CABG candidates were recruited consecutively and randomly assigned in 4 groups, each including 30 patients. All patients completed demographic data sheet and Spiel Berger questionnaire in their admission day and the day of surgery. Every other one patient assigned in two groups of education either by VCD or booklet one day before surgery. After completing patient in two group and one week pause, this procedure was repeated for two other groups of education 6 days before surgery. The findings showed that state and trait anxiety of 4 studied groups reduced after education, when compared with pre-education time. The results of analysis of variance [ANOVA] indicated a statistically significant difference between means of state anxiety before and after education in 4 group [P= 0.004]. Scheffe test indicated that education using VCD, 6 days before surgery has had the most effect and meanwhile, education using booklet, 6 day before surgery has had the least effect on reducing the state anxiety of participants. Regarding the results of this study, education using VCD, 6 days before CABG and booklet, one day before CABG has the most effect on reducing pre-operative anxiety

[ comparison of behavioral and cognitive behavioral therapeutic methods on depression in cardiac rehabilitated patients]

In addition to medical care, psychological support is needed to treat depression in rehabilitated cardiac patients. In this study we have compared the effectiveness of two different methods i.e. behavior-intervention and cognitive management in decreasing intensity of depression in rehabilitated cardiac patients. All cardiac patients who had undergone surgery Coronary Artery Bypass Graft [CABG] during 2005-2006 in Khatam-al--Anbia general hospital of Zahedan were included in the study. Sixty seven patients fulfilling the criteria for inclusion were divided randomly into three groups, each comprising of 15 patients, two groups as experimental and one group as control. We used dual therapeutic methods of behavioral management and cognitive management in the two experimental groups, no intervention was done in the control group and multi group dependent variables were defined as the degree of depression in rehabilitated cardiac patients which was assessed by scale of light depression. Beck depression test was utilized for data collection for pre and post-tests; unilateral variance analysis [ANOVA] was used for data analysis. The average score of depression in both test groups showed remarkable difference before and after intervention, whilst subjects in the control groups did not show any intervention. Cognitive method proved more efficient in lessening the intensity of depression. We can apply psychotherapeutic intervening procedures in order to enhance cure and improve to deal with psychological issues in such patients

Experiência da doença cardíaca entre adultos submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio / Experiencia de enfermedad cardiaca entre adultos sometidos a revascularización del miocárdio / Heart disease experience of adults undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

OBJETIVO:Analisar os significados da experiência da enfermidade cardíaca e de seu tratamento entre indivíduos em processo de reabilitação da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. MÉTODOS:Estudo etnográfico realizado entre 2003 e 2005, em Goiânia, GO. Foram realizadas observação direta e entrevistas em profundidade com 11 indivíduos em reabilitação de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. Com base na antropologia interpretativa, os dados foram reunidos em dossiês narrativos e analisados por meio da elaboração de unidades de significados e núcleos temáticos. RESULTADOS:Os sentidos atribuídos à enfermidade relacionaram-se a: descoberta da doença cardíaca, sentimentos desencadeados, explicações formuladas, aceitação da cirurgia e vida pós-cirurgia. A experiência foi interpretada como ruptura biográfica, situação entre a vida e a morte, invalidez, perda de autonomia e incapacidade de trabalhar. Os significados remeteram a uma lógica que articula senso comum, religião e fragmentos do discurso médico na compreensão da doença e da cirurgia cardíaca. CONCLUSÕES:Os resultados revelam que as experiências da doença e da cirurgia cardíacas marcam uma ruptura no modo de viver, trabalhar e compreender o processo saúde-doença. A abordagem da experiência da doença cardíaca contribui para extrapolar os limites de um modelo centrado na doença, seus sintomas e causas, característico do entendimento biomédico do processo saúde-doença, cujo foco é o mau funcionamento do processo biológico e/ou psicológico.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the meanings of heart disease experience in patients undergoing rehabilitation post-coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. METHODS:Ethnographic study carried out between 2003 and 2005 in the city Goiânia, Central-West Brazil. Direct observation and in-depth interviews were conducted in 11 patients undergoing rehabilitation post- coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Using an interpretative anthropology approach, data were gathered in narrative documents and analyzed through the identification of units of meanings and thematic groups. RESULTS:Disease-related meanings included heart disease realization, triggered feelings, formulated explanations, surgery acceptance and post-surgery life. Heart disease experience was understood as a biographic rupture, a situation between life and death, disability, loss of autonomy, inability to work. The meanings, analytically constructed, followed a logic that articulated common sense, religion and fragments of medical discourse for the understanding of disease and surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The study results showed that heart disease and surgery experience mark a rupture in the patient's lifestyle, work and their understanding of the health-disease process. The disease experience approach contributes to transcend the limits of a medical model based on disease, its symptoms and causes, and characterized by a biomedical understanding of the health-disease process focused on biological and/or psychological malfunctioning.

OBJETIVO: Analizar los significados de la experiencia de la enfermedad cardiaca y de su tratamiento entre individuos en proceso de rehabilitación de la cirugía de revascularizacion del miocárdio. MÉTODOS:Estudio etnográfico realizado entre 2003 e 2005, en Goiania (Centro-Oeste de Brasil). Fueron realizadas observación directa y entrevistas en profundidad con 11 individuos en rehabilitación de cirugía de revascularizacion del miocárdio. Con base en antropología interpretativa, los datos fueron reunidos en informes narrativos y analizados por medio de la a elaboración de unidades de significados y núcleos temáticos. RESULTADOS:Los sentidos atribuidos a la enfermedad se relacionaron a: descubierta de la enfermedad cardiaca, sentimientos desencadenados, explicaciones formuladas, aceptación de la cirugía y vida pos-cirurgica. La experiencia fue interpretada como ruptura biográfica, situación entre la vida y la muerte, invalidez, perdida de autonomía e incapacidad de trabajar. Los significados se remitieron a una lógica que articula sentido común, religión y fragmentos del discurso médico en la comprensión de la enfermedad y de la cirugía cardiaca. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados rebelan que las experiencias de la enfermedad y de la cirugía cardíaca marcan una ruptura en el modo de vivir, trabajar y comprender el proceso salud-enfermedad. La abordaje de la experiencia de la enfermedad cardiaca contribuye para extrapolar los límites de un modelo centrado en la enfermedad, sus síntomas y causas, característico del entendimiento biomédico del proceso salud-enfermedad, cuyo foco es el mal funcionamiento del proceso biológico y/o psicológico.