Diagnóstico y tratamiento de pouchitis: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Diagnostic and treatment of pouchitis: presentation of a case and review of the literature

Introducción: la proctocolectomía total con anastomosis ileo-anal en J es el procedimiento de elección para el tratamiento de la colitis ulcerosa. La inflamación inespecífica del pouch (pouchitis) es la complicación más frecuente del postoperatorio alejado. Se presenta un caso clínico de pouchitis, analizando el manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la entidad con revisión de la literatura al respecto. Lugar de Aplicación: Hospital de alta complejidad "Pte. Juan Domingo Perón", Formosa, Argentina. Diseño: presentación de caso clínico y revisión de la literatura. Pacientes y Métodos: mujer de 25 años, intervenida quirúrgicamente en 1995 por colitis ulcerosa, realizándose proctocolectomía total + anastomosis ileo-anal con pouch en J. En marzo de 2005 consulta por dolor abdominal, diarrea, hemoproctorragia, pujo y tenesmo rectal. Se realiza videocolonoscopía, observándose mucosa edematosa, friable y ulceraciones.Se toman muestras de biopsia. Anatomopatológicamente se informa: "mucosa intestinal con foco de ulceración, lámina propia con intenso edema, congestión vascular e infiltrado inflamatorio lifoplasmocitario y polimorfonuclear. Diagnóstico: pouchitis crónica con marcada actividad". Se indica tratamiento con Ciprofloxacina 500 mg. vía oral durante 15 días, evidenciándose mejoría clínica. Se repite videocolonoscopía, observándose remisión del cuadro. Resultados: La incidencia de pouchitis varía entre 10 y 50 por ciento. Los síntomas son inespecíficos: cólicos abdominales, artralgias, incontinencia, diarrea, hemoproctorragia, pujo y tenesmo rectal. La sospecha debe ser confirmada con endoscopía y toma de biopsias del pouch. Se comparó ciprofloxacina oral con metronidazol. La ciprofloxacina resultó más efectiva, con menores efectos colaterales. Conclusiones: La pouchitis es la complicación tardía más común asociada al procedimiento de reservorio pélvico. De etiología poco entendida, el sobrecrecimiento bacteriano puede contribuir al desarrollo de este proceso. La...

Short- and long-term outcomes of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis

Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was an important advancement in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. The aim of this study was to determine whether early complications of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis are associated with poor late functional results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty patients were operated on from 1986 to 2000, 62 patients with ileostomy and 18 without. The early and late complications were recorded. Specific emphasis has been placed on the incidence of pouchitis with prolonged follow-up. RESULTS: The ileostomy was closed an average of 9.2 months after the first operation. Fourteen patients were excluded from the long-term evaluation; 6 patients were lost to regular follow-up, 4 died, and 4 patients still have the ileostomy. Of the 4 patients that died, 1 died from surgical complications. Early complications after operation (41) occurred in 34 patients (42.5 percent). Late complications (29) occurred in 25 patients as follows: 16 had pouchitis, 3 associated with stenosis and 1 with sexual dysfunction; 5 had stenosis; and there was 1 case each of incisional hernia, ileoanal fistula, hepatic cancer, and endometriosis. Pouchitis occurred in 6 patients (9.8 percent) 1 year after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, 9 (14.8 percent) after 3 years, 13 (21.3 percent) after 5 years, and 16 (26.2 percent) after more than 6 years. The mean daily stool frequency was 12 before and 5.8 after operation. One pouch was removed because of fistulas that appeared 2 years later. CONCLUSIONS: Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is associated with a considerable number of early complications. There was no correlation between pouchitis and severe disease, operation with or without ileostomy, or early postoperative complications. The incidence of pouchitis was directly proportional to duration of time of follow-up