Prehipertensión: la influencia del estrés psicológico en adolescentes / Prehipertension: influence of psychological stress in adolescents

Se examinó la asociación entre el estrés psicológico (EP) y la prehiperten sión (PH) en adolescentes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 690 adolescentes: 260 varones y 430 hembras, con una media de edad de 15 años, (DE=1,5), a quienes se les determinó su presión arterial (PA) en la escuela, en posición sentada y usando el método oscilométrico (Dinamap). Todos, sin excepción, completaron una encuesta sobre eventos de vida y evaluación de ajuste social, ambas escalas asociadas con estresores vitales en adolescentes. Los partici pantes se clasificaron de acuerdo a los niveles de PA en prehipertensos (PH) y normotensos (N). La presencia de EP se evaluó como graves acontecimientos estresantes en su vida. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para estudiar la asociación entre EP y la presencia de PH. Los resultados arrojaron la presencia de EP en 70 varones (26,9%) y 155 hembras (36,0%), mientras que la prevalencia de prehipertensión fue de 9,2% (n=24) en varones y 3,5% (n=15) en hembras. Al aplicar la prueba estadística de Chi cuadrado en todos los adolescentes no se demostró asociación significativas entre EP y la condición de prehipertensión (PH con EP = 15 vs. N con EP = 24 (P = 0,42)). Sin embargo, al clasificar los sujetos por género, se encontró una asociación significativa entre EP y PH en las hembras (PH con EP = 9 vs. N con EP = 6, (P = 0,04)). El resultado anterior sugiere que, a edades tempranas, las mujeres pueden ser más vulnerables que los hombres al EP como un factor determinante a la condición de PH.

The article examines the association between psychological stress (PS) and prehypertension (PH) in 690 adolescents, 260 males and 430 females, whose average age was 15.2 years (SD = 1.5). Their blood pressure (BP) was measured on separate days at school, by the oscillometric method (Dinamap) in a seating position. All of them completed a survey assessing life events and social readjustment (both scales associated with life stressors in adolescen ce). Participants were classified according to BP levels in prehypertensive (PH) and normoten sive (N). The presence of PS was evaluated as severe stressful life events. The Chi-square test was used to study the association between PS and the presence of PH. The results showed the presence of PH in 9.2% (n = 24) in males and 3.5% (n = 15) in females, while the presence of PS ocurred in 70 males (26.9%) and 155 females (36.0%).When applied to the whole data, the Chi-square statistical test showed no association between PS and the condition of prehyperten sion (PH with PS = 15 vs. N with PS = 24, (P= 0.42)). However, when subjects were classified by gender, there was a significant association between PS and PH in female adolescents (PH with PS = 9 vs N with PS = 6 (P = 0.04)). This result suggests that, at early ages, female adolescents may be more vulnerable than males to PS as a determining factor to the condition of PH.

A Study of the Association of Abdominal Obesity,Dyslipidemia and Glycemic Status in Pre-hypertensive Young Adults of a Medical University.

Aim : To study the co-relation between pre-hypertension and abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and glycemic status in young adults of a medical university. Objective : 1) To study the prevalence of pre-hypertension among the young adults of a medical university. 2) To co-relate prehypertension with other factors such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and glycemic status. Methods : This study was conducted in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, JN Medical College, Wardha .The students of Jawaharlal Nehru College were the participants for this study. Each participant was examined only after the undertaking of their informed consent. Students who fulfilled the criteria of prehypertensives as per the criteria of JNC, 7 where included in this study. A total of 55 students who were prehypertensive were included in the study. These 55 participants where further examined for anthropometric parameters like height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR). For statistical analysis Chi - Square statistic method was employed. Results : The study showed that the prevalence of pre-hypertension was quite high (75%). There was a strong co-relation of pre-hypertension with BMI and WHR, and pre-hypertension was more prevalent in males as compared to females (49.8% versus 46.7%). Conclusion :Medical students are advised to adopt lifestyle changes to prevent the risk of future cardiovascular morbidity.

Aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos de la presión arterial en población pediátrica del eje centro norte costero de Venezuela evaluación en el SENACREDH: II. diferencias en la presión arterial de acuerdo a estratos sociales / Clinical-epidemiological aspects of the arterial pressure in the paediatric population from the Venezuela northern seaside axis evaluated by the SENACREDH: II. differences in the arterial pressure according to social strata

En el contexto del segundo estudio Nacional de crecimiento y desarrollo humano de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela (SENACREDH), se evaluó la presión arterial en 4017 individuos de 6,00 a 19,99 años en los estados Carabobo, aragua, Miranda, Vargas y Distrito Capital, los cuales representaron para la expansión de los datos 1340738 habitantes; 54,89% del sexo masculino. La prevalencia de valores de presión arterial > igual P90 (prehipertensión e hipertensión) sistólica aislada 4,36% y 4,62% para la diastólica. Al clasificar por estratos sociales, se encontró que los sujetos de los estratos I + II + III presentaron una prevalencia de presión arterial sistólica > igual P90 significativamente mayor, 5,4%, en comparación con los de estrato IV 4,2% y los del estreto V 3,8% (X²=965,4; P<0,001) (OR=1,35 [IC95% 1,32-1,38] I + II + III vs IV +V). Estos resultados indican que aquellos niños y niñas adolescentes de familias de estratos sociales altos (con condiciones sociales favorables) presentan 1,35 veces más valores de presión arterial sistólica en rangos que corresponden a prehipertensión e hipertensión arterial, en comparación con aquellos de estratos sociales bajos (con condiciones sociales desfavorables). Esto apunta a a la importancia de focalizar las estrategias de control y prevención de la hipertensión arterial en dichas poblaciones pediátricas en mayor riesgo

In the context of the second national study of human growth and development of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (SENACREDH), blood pressure was evaluated in 4017 individuals 6.00 to 19.99 years-old from Carabobo, Aragua, Miranda, Vargas states and Capital District. They represented, for the weighted data, 1.340.738 pop; 54,89% males. Prevalence of isolated blood pressure values ­­> iqual P90 was 4.36% for systolic pressure and 4.62% for diastolic pressure. When those prevalences were adjusted social strata, those from I + II+ III strata presented blood pressure a > iqual P90 prevalence significantly higher, 5,4%, compared to those from IV stratum 4.2% and those fro V stratum 3.8% (X²=965.4; P<0.001) (OR=1.35 [IC 95% 1.32-1.381] I + II + III vs IV + V). These results indicate that those children and teenagers from high social strata families (with better living conditions) present 1.35 times more blood pressure values in ranges corresponding to prehypertension and hypertension, compared to those from low social strata (with less favorable living conditions). This leads to the importance of focus on control and prevention strategies in hypertension in those pediatric populations at higher risk

Aspectos clinico-epidemiológicos de la presion arterial en población pediátrica del eje centro norte costero de Venezuela evaluada en el SENACREDH: I. prevalencia de valores en rango de pre-hipertensión e hipertensión arterial / Clinical-epidemiological aspects of the arteial pressure in the paediatric population from the Venezuela northern seaside axis evaluated by the SENACREDH: I. prevalence of the values in the range of prehypertension and hypertension

En el contesto del Segundo Estudio Nacional de Crecimiento y Desarrollo Humano de la Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela (SENACREDH). Se evaluó la presión arterial en 4.017 individuos de 6,00 a 19,99 años en los estados Carabobo, Aragua, Miranda, Vargas y Distrito Capital, los cuales representaron para la expansión de los datos 1.340.738 habitantes; 54,89% del sexo masculino. La prevalencia de valores de presión arterial > igual P90 sistólica aislada fue 4,36% siendo significativamente mayor en masculinos (4,89%) que en femenino (3,7%) (p<0,05). Se estimaron alteraciones en los valores de la presión arterial en una proporción cercana a 5% de la población pediátrica de los estados evaluados, lo cual índica una estimación de aproximadamente 67.000, niñas y adolescentes de dicha región geográfica con valores en rango de prehipertensión e hipertensión arterial. Los hallazgos deben conducir a un incremente de estrategias de control y prevención de la hipertensión arterial en dichas poblaciones pediátricas

In the context of the Second National Study of Human Growth and Development of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (SENACREDH), blood pressure was evaluated in 4.017 individuals 6.00 to 19.99 years-old from Carabobo, Aragua, Miranda, Vargas state and Capital District. They represented, for the weighted data. 1.340.738 pop; 54.89 males. Prevalence of isolated systolic BP values < igual P90 was 4.36% being significantly higher in males (4.89%) than in females (3.7%) (P<0.05). Alterations in blood pressure values were estimated in a proportion close to 5% of pediatric population in the states assessed. This indicates an estimation of approximately 67.000 children and adolescents from that geographical region with values in range of prehypertension and hypertension. Those findings should lead to an increase in the control and prevention strategies for high pressure in those pediatric populations