Studies on microencapsulated granules: Effect of drug-binder solubilities and added diluents on core properties and microencapsulation characteristics

This work was designed to elucidate how drugs with various solubilities could behave when made into uniform core by granulation, microencapsulated and subjected to dissolution. Ascorbic acid and paracetamol [chosen as model drugs] were granulated with hydro- alcoholic solutions containing different amounts of water to allow for different degrees of drug solubilities. The porosities of the formed granules were measured and found to vary with drug solubilities in the granulating solutions. The granules were microencapsulated with ethylcellulose, then tested for their polymer contents which found to increase progressively with increasing core porosities. Corresponding decreases in drug release dc/dt and permeability constants P were also observed and their values depended on the presence of other insoluble or soluble diluents in the core materials. Although the release kinetics were apparently first order for the whole samples, yet the duration of the linear segments in the dissolution curves were more pronounced for the less porous cores regardless of the drug being used. An extended investigation on microencapsulated granules of fixed porosities prepared by dry granulation [slugging] has proved the above findings

Cronofarmacologia e anestesiologia / Chronopharmacology and anesthesiology

Estudios cronofarmacológicos revelan que los procesos biológicos ritmicos en torno de las 24 horas del dia pueden afectar la farmacocinética y farmacodinâmica de varias drogas utilizadas en el acto anestésico. Nuevos conceptos baseados en investigación cronobiológica, tales como cronocinética, cronestesia y cronergia son discutidos a la luz de ejemplos ilustrativos en un abordaje cronoanestesiológico. El conocimiento de la organización temporal de las principales funciones organización temporal de las principales funciones orgácicas y de su ritmo circadiano permite balizar la optimización del efecto de los fármacos y/o minimizar su toxidad en función de la hora de administración y de los relojes endógenos del paciente

Bases para el desarrollo y aprovechamiento sanitario de la farmacia hospitalaria / Basis for the development and sanitary use of hospital pharmacies

El presente documento contiene las bases estructurales, organizativas y de funcionamiento de las farmacias hospitalarias. Describe las funciones basicas relacionadas con la adquisicion, elaboracion, control,almacenamiento y conservacion de medicamentos; su distribucion y control de sonsumo; educacion sanitaria sobre medicamentos; estudios sobre utilizacion de medicamentos; control de tratamientos; colaboracion en los programas de nutricion y dietetica; participacion en el diseno de protocolos institucionales en los aspectos de tratamiento; participacion en los programas de farmacovigilancia en el hospital; farmacocinetica clinica y aspectos relacionados con la adaptacion y aplicacion de la experiencia de la farmacia hospitalaria a la asistencia primaria.