Análise do potencial cariogênico e erosivo de diferentes marcas de leite fermentado / Analysis of the cariogenic and erosive potential of different brands of fermented milk

A dieta, quando realizada de forma inadequada, passa a ser um fator determinante para a ocorrência de cárie e erosão dentária, principalmente levando em consideração o aumento do consumo de alimentos e bebidas industrializadas por crianças e adolescentes. No presente estudo avaliaram- -se as propriedades bioquímicas dos leites fermentados encontrados em um supermercado da zona leste de Teresina, PI. Foram analisadas 36 amostras de 6 marcas comerciais diferentes, por meio das propriedades de pH endógeno e Sólidos Solúveis Totais (SST). As análises foram submetidas ao teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov e a análise da variância pela ANOVA, seguida de pós-teste Tukey para a comparação entre os grupos, no programa Minitab 16. As marcas analisadas apresentaram valor de pH que variaram de 3,13 a 3,68. Todas apresentaram valores de pH abaixo do valor considerado crítico para o processo de desmineralização do esmalte (5,5). Em relação aos sólidos solúveis totais, os valores oscilaram entre 5,93 e 11,2. Com os dados obtidos, pode-se sugerir que, se essas bebidas forem ingeridas com frequência, podem apresentar tanto um potencial cariogênico como erosivo. É de fundamental importância que os profissionais de saúde estejam cientes e alertem seus pacientes sobre os riscos que esses alimentos podem oferecer à saúde bucal dos mesmos.(AU)

Diet, when performed in inadequate ways, becomes a determining factor for occurrence of caries and dental erosion, mainly when taking into consideration the increasing consumption of industrialized foods and beverages by children and adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical properties of fermented milks found in a supermarket in the eastern zone of Teresina-PI. Thirty-six samples from six different commercial brands were analyzed through their endogenous pH and Total Soluble Solids (TSS) properties. To analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and analysis of variance by ANOVA, followed by a Tukey post-test for comparison between the groups in the Minitab 16 program were performed. The analyzed brands presented pH values ranging from 3.13 to 3.68. All of them presented pH values below those considered critical for the enamel (5,5). The TSS data ranged from 5.93 to 11.2. With the data obtained, it can be suggested that if those drinks are frequently ingested, it can present both cariogenic and erosive potential. It is important that health professionals be aware and alert their patients about the risks that those sort of beverage can offer to their oral health.

Efeito do leite probiótico fermentado na resposta imune celular em cólon de camundongos BALB/c / Effect of probiotic fermented milk in immune cellular response of BALB/c mice colon

O principal crescimento na indústria de alimentos funcionais corresponde ao dos produtos probióticos e prebióticos. A literatura mostra efeitos imunomoduladores de certas cepas probióticas, contudo, os resultados são às vezes controversos e os mecanismos implicados ainda são pouco elucidados. Sabe-se, no entanto que algumas cepas de probióticos aumentam significantemente a liberação de IL-10 e γ-INF modulando a resposta imune, além destas respostas serem de forma mais branda relacionada às bactérias Gram-positivas probióticas do que às Gram-positivas patogênicas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral estudar o efeito do leite probiótico fermentado na resposta imune celular em cólon de camundongos BALB/c. Os objetivos específicos foram: (i) determinar o efeito imunomodulador do leite adicionado de probiótico em camundongos normais, (ii) identificar os tipos celulares implicados na resposta imune específica por citometria de fluxo e, (iii) colocalizá-los nos cortes histológicos. Simultaneamente, a análise e a comparação da resistência do probiótico à digestão gastrintestinal in vitro e a produção de metabólitos bioativos de acordo com os deferentes produtos foi realizada. Foram preparados leites nos quais as variáveis estudadas foram a tecnologia empregada para a produção das formulações (a) leite; (b) água, (c) leite não fermentado; (d) leite fermentado; (e) leite fermentado seguido de pasteurização, usando a mesma concentração da cepa comercial Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HOWARU HN019. O leite desnatado e a água foram usados como controles

Functional food industry is in expansion mainly due to probiotic and prebiotic products. Studies have shown some probiotic strains develop immune modulation effect, however, these results are controversial and the mechanisms are not been well understood. Although, some probiotic strains increase IL-10 and γ-INF release modulating immune response, this response is weaker in probiotic strains when compared to pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. The major aim of the present study was to assess the effect of probiotic fermented milk in cellular immune response of Balb/c mice colon. The specific objectives were: (i) to determine the immunomodulation of the milk added of probiotic in normal mice; (ii) to identify the cellular types implied in immune specific response and, (iii) to colocalize them in histological sections. Besides, the analyze and comparation of the probiotic resistance upon in vitro gastrointestinal and bioactive metabolites release in fermented or unfermented bifido milk using the same matrix, probiotic strain and probiotic dose in CFU. mL-1 were conducted. Dairy products were prepared in which variable form of technological appliance were: (i) milk, (ii) water, (iii) unfermented milk, (iv) fermented milk, and (v) fermented and heat treatment milk, all using Bifidobacterium subsp. lactis HOWARU HN019 strain in the same concentration. The skimmed milk and water were used as controls. The immune effects were evaluated by histological sections and the lymphocytic infiltrated was analyzed by flow citometry and histology

Evaluation of some properties of fermented milk beverages that affect the demineralization of dental enamel

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the erosive capacity of fermented milk beverages, as well as some of their properties that affect the demineralization of dental enamel (pH, buffering capacity, fluoride, calcium and phosphorus contents). Three different batches of 6 commercial brands of fermented milk beverages were analyzed. pH evaluation was accomplished using a potentiometer. The buffering capacity was measured by adding 1 mol L-1 NaOH. Fluoride concentration was assessed by an ion specific electrode after hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion, and calcium and phosphorus concentrations were assessed by a colorimetric test using a spectrophotometer. Sixty specimens of bovine enamel were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 10). They were exposed to 4 cycles of demineralization in the fermented milk and remineralization in artificial saliva. Enamel mineral loss was determined by surface microhardness ( percentSMHC) and profilometric tests. The samples' pH ranged from 3.51 to 3.87; the buffering capacity ranged from 470.8 to 804.2 µl of 1 mol L-1 NaOH; the fluoride concentration ranged from 0.027 to 0.958 µgF/g; the calcium concentration ranged from 0.4788 to 0.8175 mgCa/g; and the phosphorus concentration ranged from 0.2662 to 0.5043 mgP/g. The percentSMHC ranged from -41.0 to -29.4. The enamel wear ranged from 0.15 µm to 0.18 µm. In this in vitro study, the fermented milk beverages did not promote erosion of the dental enamel, but rather only a superficial mineral loss.

Efecto de la adición de harina de soja y concentrado proteico de suero de queso sobre la calidad del pan y la dializabilidad de minerales / Effect of the addition of soy flour and whey protein concentrate on bread quality and mineral dialyzability

En este trabajo se estudió el efecto de la incorporación de harina de soja y de concentrado proteico de suero de queso sobre las propiedades físicas de la masa y sobre la calidad del pan de molde. Se realizaron estudios farinográficos y alveográficos sobre las masas. Los panes fueron evaluados por sus atributos sensoriales a través de un panel entrenado y con relación a sus características nutricionales a través de puntaje químico, lisina disponible y disponibilidad potencial del hierro de fortificación y del zinc y calcio intrínsecos. La incorporación de harina de soja (HS) y de concentrado proteico de suero de queso (WPC) produjeron una importante modificación en las propiedades físicas de la masa. El agregado de WPC a un nivel de 6 por ciento de reemplazo, incrementó el puntaje químico del pan de 40.2 a 41.4, mientras que con 6 por ciento de harina de soja se elevó a 52.2. La mezcla de ambas fuentes proteicas (HS 6 por ciento + WPC 6 por ciento) permitió aumentar ese puntaje químico a 60.0 sin deterioro evidente de las características organolépticas de los panes. Además, la pérdida de lisina disponible que ocurrió con el WPC fue atenuada con la incorporación simultánea de harina de soja. El agregado de WPC si bien incrementó el aporte de Ca, disminuyó la disponibilidad de Fe y Zn. Este efecto negativo sobre el Fe fue superado por el agregado de promotores de la absorción de minerales, siendo el agregado del EDTA el más beneficioso. Por otra parte el agregado de harina de soja al 6 por ciento mejoró el aporte de proteínas sin perjudicar el de minerales.

The effects of the addition of soy flour and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on dough properties and mold bread quality were studied. Farinograph and alveograph were used to evaluate dough properties. Mold bread quality was evaluated by assessing sensory attributes using a trained panel and analyzing some nutritional characteristics, such as: protein chemical score, available lysine, and potential availability of fortified iron and also of the intrinsic calcium and zinc. Addition of soy flour and WPC caused significant changes on dough properties. Chemical score of bread was increased from 40.2 to 41.4 when 6 percent WPC was used, from 40.2 to 52.2 when 6 percent soy flour was added and up to 60.0 when substitution was made with 6 percent WPC plus 6 percent soy flour. This last improvement was obtained without impairing sensory attributes. The highest value of available lysine loss during baking, corresponded to the blend containing WPC, but it was reduced when WPC was used together with soy flour. WPC addition increased calcium content but reduced potential availability of iron and zinc. This negative effect on iron availability was overcome by adding mineral absorption promoters, being EDTA the most effective. On the other hand addition of 6 percent soy flour improved protein value without affecting mineral availability.