Pseudoterranovosis y sushi / Pseudoterranovosis and sushi

Se comunica un caso de ingestión accidental de Pseudoterranova decipiens. A raíz de esta paciente se revisan los principales conceptos relativos a esta naciente patología en Chile. El consumo de platos preparados con pescados crudos como el sushi, sashimi, cebiche y mariscal es cada vez más popular. A través de la ingesta de hospederos intermediarios usados en la preparación, se puede adquirir la larva de tercer estadio de Anisakis simplex o P. decipiens. Estos parásitos pueden provocar gastritis aguda que se manifiesta inmediatamente después de consumido el pescado crudo. En ocasiones puede haber compromiso intestinal e invasión del tracto gastrointestinal con manifestaciones en otros órganos. Se asocia a manifestaciones alérgicas como urticaria, angioedema y shock anafiláctico. La larva se elimina en forma espontánea en la mayoría de los casos, pero en otros debe removerse por vía endoscópica. En Chile, es más frecuente la presencia de P. decipiens, que por lo general no migra a la mucosa gástrica, no invade y produce pocos síntomas. Las medidas de prevención son no comer pescados crudos, cocinarlos a temperaturas elevadas o congelación previa a la preparación de los alimentos, para inactivar las larvas.

A case of accidental ingestión of Pseudoterranova decipiens is reported, on account of this patient we review main concepts related to this emerging pathology in Chile. Consumption of raw fish in different preparations such as sushi or sashimi, cebiche and seafood is becoming more and more popular. Through intermediary hosts used in the preparation, one can acquire the third stage larval of Anisakis simplex or P. decipiens. These parasites frequently cause gastritis, acutely after the consumption of raw fish, or more rarely intestinal involvement. It may also cause allergic symptoms such as urticaria, angioedema and anaphylactic shock. The larvae is eliminated spontaneously in most cases; others need to be removed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopio examination. In Chile, the most common species is P. decipiens, which are generally no invasive, rarely migrate beyond the stomach and cause mild or no symptoms. Prevention strategies include avoid eating raw fish or undercooked seafood containing the parasite, to cook food with high temperatures or to freeze raw fish prior to preparation of meals, which inactivates the larvae.

Difilobotriosis humana: primer caso por consumo de sushi en Buenos Aires, Argentina / Human diphyllobothriosis: first case by consumption of sushi in Buenos Aires, Argentina

La difilobotriosis es una parasitosis intestinal causada por cestodes del género Diphy-llobothrium. Son consideradas áreas endémicas de esta parasitosis Escandinavia, zonas de los Grandes Lagos de América del Norte, la Patagonia Andina, entre otras. Este sería, hasta el presente, el primer informe de un caso de difilobotriosis por consumo de sushi en Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The first confirmed case of Diphyllobothrium latum in Brazil

Diphyllobothriasis is an infection of the small intestine by the broad tapeworm Diphyllobothrium sp. The associated symptomatology is nonspecific, but megaloblastic anemia is a well-described complication. Although the infection is common in temperate regions, descriptions in South America have so far been limited to Chile, Peru, and a few cases in Argentina. This paper presents the first confirmed Brazilian case of diphyllobothriasis. A 29-years-old woman living in Salvador (state of Bahia) apparently acquired the infection from eating sushi. The diagnosis was based on fecal examination that revealed a large quantity of operculated eggs. A single dose of praziquantel (600 mg) was sufficient to cure the infection.

High prevalence of Haplorchis taichui metacercariae in cyprinoid fish from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.

This study aimed to investigate Haplorchis taichui metacercarial infection in fish collected from the Chom Thong and Mae Taeng districts, Chiang Mai Province during November 2001 to October 2002. A total 617 cyprinoid fish of 15 species were randomly collected and examined for H. taichui metacercariae. All the species of fish were found to be infected with H. taichui. The infection rates were 91.4% (266/290) and 83.8% (274/327), with mean intensities of 242.9 and 107.4 in the Chom Thong and Mae Taeng districts, respectively. The portion of the fish body with the highest metacercarial density was the muscles, and second, the head, in both districts. In addition, the fish had mixed-infection with other species of trematodes, namely: Centrocestus caninus, Haplorchoides sp, and Haplorchis pumilio.

Desenvolvimiento pos-embrionario de cochliomyia macellaria fabricius diptera calliphoridae, criada em dietas naturais procesadas em condicoes controladas / Post embryonary development of cochliomya macellaria fabricius diptera calliphoridae reared on natural diets processed in controlled conditions

O desempenho dos imaturos de cochliomya macellaria (fabricius) foi avaliado sob condicoes de laboratorio. As larvas foram criadas em dietas a base de carne equina e sardinha, previamente armazenadas a 30ºC de temperatura, por diferentes intervalos. As duas fontes alimentares foram, inicialmente, mantidas em freezer (-15ºC) e, posteriormente, transferidas para um refrigerador, onde foram estocadas durante 24 horas. Após este período, foram sucessivamente expostas a 30ºC por 96, 72,48 e duas horas e, 72,48,24 e duas horas, respectivamente. Uma amostra de carne vermelha foi caraterizada pela manutencao apenas em refrigerador, durante 11 días. Utilizaram-se 100 g de dieta por repeticao tratamento, considerando-se a relacao de 1 larva: 2 g de dieta. Após o abandono espontáneo das dietas, as larvas foram individualizadas, permitindo o registro unitário da massa corporal. A taxa de desenvolvimento pós-embrionário nao foi homogeneamente afetada pela utilizacao da carne equina previamente armazenada a 30ºC de temperatura. Um expressivo percentual de larvas maduras oriundas desde substrato, processado durante 48 a 96 horas, registrou massas corporais inferiores a 60,0 mg. A emergéncia de adultos oscilou entre 73 a 97 por ciento. A taxa de desenvolvimento pós-embrionário foi reduzida ao utilizar-se a dieta a base de sardinha previamente mantida a 30ºC de temperatura por 72 horas. As larvas maduras oriundas desta dieta processada, nas condicoes previstas, por duas, 24 a 48 horas, apresentaram de 57,0 a 65,0 mg. A massa corporal média obtida pelos espécimens remanescentes foi significativamente menor (50,0 mg). A taxa de sobrevivencia dos imaturos, criados em sandinha, oscilou entre 68-88 por ciento

Application of hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) as a possible control measure for Opisthorchis viverrini infection in cultured carp (Puntius gonionotus).

Opisthorchiasis due to Opisthorchis viverrini and transmitted through infected freshwater cyprinoid fish (carps) affects more than 8 million people in Thailand, People's Democratic Republic of Lao, and Vietnam. The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)-concept has been recommended by FAO and WHO to be included in programs to control foodborne trematode infections (FBT). HACCP is a multifactorial approach to control food hazards through surveillance of diseases, foods, and operations and education. This study describes the first attempt to apply HACCP to the prevention and control of Opisthorchis viverrini in pond culture carp (Puntius gonionotus). The experiment was designed and carried out by a multidisciplinary "HACCP team" including experts in the field of public health, parasitology, epidemiology, aquaculture, fisheries extension and fish inspection. The investigation was performed in two fish ponds in the District of Sun Pa Tong, Chiang Mai, Thailand. In the experimental pond, fish was cultured according to HACCP principles and compared with the control pond, which followed conventional aquaculture practices. Water supply to the pond, fish fry, fish feed and pond conditions during the growing period were identified as critical control points (CCPs). Hazards were identified and analyzed, as well as control measures, critical limits, monitoring procedures, corrective actions, and record keeping developed for each one of the above CCPs. Complete pond preparation, particularly aiming to eliminate contamination of pond water with O. viverrini eggs, fish infected with parasite meacercariae and the first intermediate host (Bithynia spp), was conducted. After the pond was filled with water, O. viverrini metacercaria-free fry were released into the pond. The preliminary results obtained indicate that HACCP-based principles applied to carp pond culture could be used as a strategy to prevent and control O. viverrini. Further studies should be undertaken aiming to confirm these preliminary results.

Calidad microbiológica de los alimentos marinos en la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán / Microbiological quality of seafood in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

Entre los diferentes microorganismos indicadores de contaminación o de prácticas indeseables en el manejo de los alimentos se encuentran las bacterias mesofilicas aerobias, los organismos coliformes y los enterococos. El Vibrio cholerae toxigénico, agente etiológico del cólera, ha sido asociado con numerosos productos de pesca, en especial con los moluscos bivalvos sobre todo si se consumen crudos. Por otro lado, la causa más frecuente de salmonelosis es el consumo de alimentos contaminados. Otros microorganismos patógenos involucrados en los síndromes de intoxicación alimentaria son las cepas de Staphylococcus aureus productoras de enterotoxinas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la prevalencia de microorganismos mesofílicos aerobios, coliformes, enterococos, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella y Staphylococcus aureus en los alimentos marinos que se expenden en restaurantes de la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán. Se estudiaron 284 tipos de alimentos que se seleccionaron de 53 restantes. Para analizarlos se utilizaron técnicas convencionales, y se consideraron las normas sanitarias existentes. Para los alimentos sin normas sanitarias se obtuvo la media del número de colonias aisladas. No se aisló V. cholerae O1 y no O1, pero se aisló V. parahaemolyticus en 6/284 (2.1 por ciento) y V. alginolyticus en 12/284 (4.2 por ciento) de las muestras. Se concluye que los alimentos marinos que se expenden en la ciudad de México no presentan una fuente de infección por V. cholerae, pero el nivel de contaminación tanto ambiental como fecal proveniente posiblemente de los manejadores de alimentos, representa un riesgo importante de adquirir otro microorganismo enteropatógeno