Caracterização anatomopatológica e bacteriológica em frangos de corte condenados totalmente por colibacilose sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal / Pathological and bacteriological characterization on broilers totally condemned due to colibacillosis under the control of the Federal Inspection Service

A colibacilose é a principal causa infecciosa de condenação total de carcaça em frangos de corte no sul do Brasil. Esse trabalho tem por objetivo determinar o grau de concordância entre a condenação total por colibacilose de frangos de corte abatidos em estabelecimento sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF) com o diagnóstico anatomopatológico e bacteriológico. O estudo foi realizado com 45 frangos de corte condenados totalmente por colibacilose (caso) e seus respectivos 45 controles (frangos sem lesões). Em todos os frangos condenados pelo SIF havia lesões macroscópicas e, nos controles não se observou. Através do teste Kappa-Cohen´s essas duas variáveis apresentaram concordância quase perfeita. As aves condenadas apresentaram lesões em fígado (27/45); em fígado e sacos aéreos (11/45); em fígado e coração (2/45); fígado, sacos aéreos e coração (2/45); fígado, sacos aéreos e oviduto (1/45); fígado, sacos aéreos, coração e tecido subcutâneo (1/45); e fígado, sacos aéreos, oviduto e baço (1/45). Observou-se concordância quase perfeita entre condenação e lesão hepática. Histologicamente, em 41 casos e 12 controles observaram-se lesões, sendo os mais frequentes hepatite necrosante aleatória, bronquite fibrino-heterofílica, pericardite aguda e traqueíte linfoplasmocitária. Nas aves com hepatite identificou-se E. coli, Enterococcus sp. e Streptococcus sp. (10/38) e, nas aves com bronquite ou broncopneumonia isolou-se Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (9/14). O PCR em tempo real e a imuno-histoquímica para Mycoplasma gallisepticum e M. synoviae foram negativos. Nos casos de condenação total por colibacilose o fígado foi o principal órgão acometido, portanto, o critério de condenação deveria ser revisto, sugerindo condenação por hepatite nesses casos, já que outras bactérias podem causar hepatite, como foi demonstrado nesse estudo.(AU)

Colibacillosis is the main infectious cause of total carcass condemnation in broilers in southern Brazil. This study aims to determine the degree of agreement between the total carcass condemnation for colibacillosis in broilers slaughtered in establishments under Federal Inspection Service (SIF) with the pathological and bacteriological diagnosis. The study was conducted with 45 broilers totally condemned by colibacillosis (case) and theirs 45 respective controls (chickens without lesions). All broilers condemned had gross lesions and the controls had not. The Kappa-Cohen's test showed that these two variables had almost perfect agreement. Broilers condemned showed lesions in liver (27/45); liver and air sacs (11/45); liver and heart (2/45); liver, heart and air sacs (2/45); liver, air sacs and oviduct (1/45); liver, air sacs, heart and subcutaneous (1/45); and liver, air sacs, oviduct and spleen (1/45). There is almost perfect agreement between carcass condemnation and liver damage. Histologically, in 41 cases and 12 controls were observed lesions, the most frequent diagnoses were random necrotizing hepatitis, fibrinous-heterophilic bronchitis, acute pericarditis and lymphoplasmacytic tracheitis. In hepatitis cases was isolated Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. (10/38) and in bronchitis or bronchopneumonia E. coli and coagulase positive Staphylococcus (9/14). The polymerse chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests for Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae were negative. In cases of total carcass condemnation by Colibacillosis the liver was the main organ affected. Therefore, the condemnation criteria should be revised, suggesting conviction for hepatitis in these cases, because other bacteria can cause hepatitis, as demonstrated in this study.(AU)

Establecimiento de criterios microbiológicos para alimentos comercializados en Cuba / Establishment of microbiological criteria for food products sold in Cuba

Introducción: en Cuba se editó la primera Norma Cubana de Contaminantes Microbiológicos en 1987, a partir de la cual se propuso una actualización por el Comité Técnico de Microbiología de los Alimentos No 61. Objetivos: analizar y proponer criterios microbiológicos para los muestreos de segunda y tercera clases en alimentos, que respondieran a las condiciones climáticas y ecológicas del país, y a la forma de preparación y consumo de los productos. Métodos: se procedió a establecer grupos de alimentos, parámetros microbiológicos, categoría en relación con el peligro sanitario, plan de muestreo y criterios microbiológicos, para lo que se tomó en cuenta la NC 38-02-07:1987, la base de datos de los resultados de los laboratorios nacionales de análisis de alimentos y la literatura científica. Resultados: se definieron 17 grupos de alimentos, para consumo humano o animal. Se incluyeron nuevos parßmetros microbiol¾gicos a controlar, se mantuvieron los que aparecían en la NC 38-02-07,1987 y se especificaron los que se evaluaban en vigilancia. Se clasificaron los productos en diez categorías de acuerdo con el riesgo que involucraban y se aplicaron planes de muestreo representativos, con el uso de n 5. Se establecieron los criterios microbiológicos. La interpretación de resultados se resumió en tres categorías: aceptable, medianamente aceptable y rechazable. Conclusiones: con la implementación de esta Norma se logró una mayor protección al consumidor y reducir al mínimo el riesgo del producto

Introduction: technical Committee on Food Microbiology No. 61 has proposed an update of the first Cuban Standard for Microbiological Contaminants, published in 1987. Objectives: analyze and propose microbiological criteria for second and third class food sampling which would reflect the country's climatic and ecological conditions, as well as the different forms of food preparation and consumption. Methods: food groups, microbiological parameters, health hazard categories, a sampling plan and microbiological criteria were established, based on Cuban standard NC 38-02-07:1987, the database of results obtained by national food analysis laboratories, and scientific bibliography. Results: seventeen human and animal food groups were defined. New microbiological parameters were included, those contained in standard NC 38-02-07:1987 were retained, and specifications were developed for surveillance parameters. Food products were classified into ten categories according to the risk involved, and representative sampling plans were applied based on n 5. The required microbiological criteria were established. Results were classified into three categories: acceptable, fairly acceptable and rejectable. Conclusions: with implementation of the standard, consumer protection was improved and product-related risks were reduced to a minimum