Topical cyclosporine A 0. 05% before and after surgery to prevent pterygium recurrence / Ciclosporina A 0, 05% antes e após a cirurgia do pterígio para a prevenção da recorrência

ABSTRACT Purpose: We evaluated the role of the conjunctival flap rotation technique using 5-fluorouracil and adjuvant therapy with topical cyclosporine A at 0.05% during short pre- and postoperative periods for the prevention of primary pterygium recurrence. Methods: In this prospective study, 76 patients with primary pterygium (76 eyes) were categorized into two groups: the control group with 31 patients who did not receive cyclosporine treatment, and the cyclosporine group with 45 patients who received topical cyclosporine A (0.05%) twice a day, for 10 days before and 10 days after the pterygium excision operations. Patients were examined for disease recurrence, side effects, and complications at 10 and 21 days, and at 2 and 6 months after the operation. Data on demography, systemic diseases, and ophthalmologic histories were obtained from all patients, and these data were analyzed using descriptive statistics involving the absolute and relative percentages of frequency distribution. Goodman test was used for contrasts among multinomial populations to study the association between cyclosporine A and recurrence. Results: Most patients were between 30 and 60 years of age, and 67.1% were women. We confirmed a higher recurrence in patients with occupational sunlight exposure. The cyclosporine A used topically 10 days before and 10 days after the pterygium removal did not significantly reduce the recurrence of the pterygium. Conclusion: Topical 0.05% cyclosporine A when used for 10 days before and 10 days after the pterygium removal does not prevent or reduce the recurrence of primary pterygium.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliamos os resultados da técnica de rotação de retalho conjuntival com uso de 5-fluorouracil e terapia adjuvante com ciclosporina A tópica a 0,05%, usada no pré e pós-operatório por curto período, quanto à prevenção da recidiva do pterígio primário Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, com 76 pacientes portadores de pterígio primário (76 olhos), divididos em dois grupos: controle com 31 pacientes que não receberam tratamento com ciclosporina e grupo ciclosporina com 45 pacientes que receberam ciclosporina tópica A (0,05%) duas vezes ao dia, por 10 dias antes e 10 dias após a cirurgia de excisão do pterígio. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto à recorrência, efeitos colaterais e complicações com 10, 21 dias, 2 e 6 meses de pós-operatório. Dados demográficos, doenças sistêmicas e histórico oftalmológico foram coletados de todos os pacientes e esses dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva envolvendo o percentual absoluto e relativo de distribuição de frequência. O teste de Goodman para contrastes entre populações multinomiais foi utilizado para o estudo da associação entre a ciclosporina A e a recorrência Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes tinha entre 30 e 60 anos e 67,1% eram mulheres. Confirmamos uma maior recorrência em pacientes com exposição ocupacional ao sol. A ciclosporina A tópica utilizada 10 dias antes e 10 dias após a remoção do pterígio não reduziu significativamente a sua recorrência Conclusão: A ciclosporina A tópica a 0,05% quando utilizada por 10 dias no pré e 10 dias no pós-operatório, não previne ou reduz a recidiva do pterígio primário significativamente.

Preoperative tranilast as adjunctive therapy to primary pterygium surgery with a 1-year follow-up / Terapia auxiliar com o tranilast pré-operatório na cirurgia do pterígio primário com um ano de seguimento

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of tranilast as an adjunctive therapy in conjunctival autograft. Methods: Twenty-nine patients were randomly allocated to the Tranilast Group (n=15) or the Control Group (n=14). The Tranilast Group received a subconjunctival injection of 0.5% tranilast 30 days prior to surgery. Conjunctival autograft was performed in both groups using fibrin sealant and 0.02% subconjunctival mitomycin C at the end of the surgery. After the resection of the pterygium, immunohistochemistry was performed with 100 cells to identify epithelial cells positive for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Subjective symptoms were evaluated using a 5-point scale, and the recurrence rate was assessed. Results: Both groups showed improvements in their symptoms and similar clinical results. Compared with the Control Group, the Tranilast Group failed to show a decreased recurrence rate (p=0.59). However, the number of epithelial cells expressing TGF-β was lower in the Tranilast Group (5 cells; 95% CI: 2.56-13.15; Control Group, 16 cells, 95% CI: 11.53-24.76; p=0.01). Minimal but reversible complications, including glaucoma secondary to corticosteroids and granuloma, occurred during the study. Conclusion: Tranilast was effective in decreasing the number of pterygium epithelial cells expressing TGF-β. .

Objetivo: Determinar a eficácia do tranilast, como terapia auxiliar no transplante autólogo de conjuntiva. Métodos: Vinte e nove pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo Tratado (15) e Grupo Controle (14). Trinta dias antes da cirurgia, o Grupo Tratado recebeu uma injeção subconjuntival de tranilast a 0,5%. O transplante autólogo de conjuntiva foi realizado em ambos os grupos, usando-se a cola de fibrina e a mitomicina 0,02% subconjuntival, ao final da cirurgia. Cada paciente foi examinado por 12 meses de acompanhamento. A imuno-histoquímica foi realizada, mediante um total de 100 células, a fim de que se contassem as células epiteliais positivas, para o fator de crescimento transformador beta (TGF-β), após a cirurgia do pterígio. Os sintomas subjetivos foram avaliados usando-se uma escala de cinco pontos, e a taxa de recorrência foi avaliada. Resultados: Os 2 grupos apresentaram melhora dos sintomas e com resultados clínicos similares. Quando comparado com o Grupo Controle, o Grupo Tratado falhou em mostrar uma diminuição da taxa de recorrência (p=0,59). Entretanto o número de células epiteliais expressando o TGF-β foi menor no Grupo Tratado (5 células; 95% CI=2,56-13,15; Grupo Controle, 16 células; 95% CI: 11,53-24,76, p=0,01). Complicações mínimas, mas reversíveis, ocorreram durante o estudo, incluindo glaucoma secundário ao uso de corticoide e granuloma. Conclusão: O tranilast foi efetivo em diminuir o número células epiteliais do pterígio expressando o TGF-β. .

Pterygium surgery by means of conjunctival autograft: long term follow-up / Cirurgia de pterígio por meio de transplante autólogo de conjuntiva: acompanhamento a longo prazo

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the long term of follow-up of the recurrence rate after conjunctival autograft for pterygium surgery. METHODS: A total of 112 patients operated for pterygium with conjunctival autografts and with more than one year follow-up were registered. Patients were called for voluntary examinations of their respective ocular surface statuses. Completing the study was only possible in 44 cases. Seven had bilateral pterygium. (N=51 operated pterygium). RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 49.06 months. In 29.45% of the cases, attachment was performed using non-absorbable sutures (nylon 10/0), while fibrin glue was used in 70.55% of the cases. Six cases of recurrence (11.76%) were found. The recurrence rate between primary and recurrent pterygium, and between sutures and fibrin glue proved to be not statistically significant; p>0.05. There were no significant differences between women and men with respect to recurrence. The median of age in the recurrence group was 40 years old, in contrast to 55 in the non-recurrence group; p=0.01517. All of these recurrences were associated with patients of Hispanic origins (from Latin America); p=0.001506. CONCLUSIONS: After a long follow-up period after autograft pterygium surgery, there were no statistically significant differences in recurrence rates for the application of sutures as opposed to fibrin glue; similarly, there were no statistically significant differences between the use of autograft in primary and recurrent pterygium. The greatest risk factors for recurrence were young age and Hispanic ethnicity.

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar a taxa de recorrência em cirurgia do pterígio com transplante autólogo de conjuntiva após um acompanhamento a longo prazo. MÉTODOS: Cento e doze pacientes operados de pterígio e transplante autólogo de conjuntiva, com mais de um ano de acompanhamento foram registrados. Os pacientes foram chamados para um exame voluntário de estado da superfície ocular. O estudo completo só foi possível em 44 pacientes. Sete deles tinha tido pterígio bilateral. (N=51). RESULTADOS: A média de acompanhamento a partir do momento da cirurgia até o exame foi de 49,06 meses. A sutura não-absorvível (nylon 10/0) foi usada em 29,45% dos casos, enquanto que a cola biológica de fibrina foi usada em 70,55%. A recidiva do pterígio foi detectada apenas em 6 casos (11,76%). As recidivas entre pacientes operados de pterígio primário e recorrente, e entre o uso de suturas ou cola de fibrina não foram significativos (p>0,05). Também não houve diferença significativa na recorrência com relação ao sexo. A idade média no grupo de recidiva foi de 40 anos e no grupo sem recidiva de 55 anos (p=0,01517). Todas essas recorrências ocorreram em pacientes de origem hispânica (América latina) (p=0,001506). CONCLUSÕES: A longo prazo da remoção cirúrgica de pterígio utilizando um transplante autólogo de conjuntiva, não há diferença estatisticamente significativa com o uso de sutura ou cola de fibrina. Também não há diferenças na recidiva, se o transplante autólogo de conjuntiva utilizado for em casos primários ou recorrentes de pterígio. O maior fator de risco para a recorrência parece estar entre os jovens e pacientes de etnia hispânica.

[ effect of sub conjunctive injection of 2 percent mitomicin-C in prevention of recurrence of pterygium]

Pterygium is a wing-shaped fold of conjunctiva and fibrovascular tissue invades the superficial cornea. The occurrence of pterygia is strongly correlated with UV exposure, although dryness, inflammation, and exposure to wind and dust or other irritants are also important factors. Pterygium is usually asymptomatic, but it can cause photophobia, tearing, and foreign body sensation. It can also decrease vision by inducing with the regular and irregular astigmatism. Unfortunately, the recurrence rate is high; averaging approximately 40% in various studies. Recurrences generally occur rapidly, within 2 to 3 months of surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of subconjunctivaly injection of mitomicin-C in preventing the recurrence of pterygium. This study was a simple randomized clinical trial which was carried out at Imam Sajjad Hospital of Yasuj, Iran. In this study, 157 eyes [48 men, 64 women] with primary pterygium were allocated in intervention [83 eyes, 54 patients] and control [74 eyes, 58 patients] groups. The mean age of the patients was 48. In the inversion group we injected .1 ML of mitomycin C. 2% subconjunctivally in to the pterygium body, 1 month before pterygium excision. After the pterygium was excised, the bare sclera was covered by sliding adjacent superior conjunctiva in both groups. The follow up period was 3 months. Recurrence was defined as the postoperative re-growth of fibrovascular tissue crossing the cornea. The data was analyzed by the SPSS software using Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test. The recurrence rate was 1.2% [1 eye] and 9.45% [7 eyes] in intervention and control groups, respectively, with significance difference between groups [P=0.027]. The mean degree of astigmatism was improved with surgery in both groups. Both subconjunctival mitomycin C injection before pterygium excision and conjunctival auto graft are safe and are effective treatments in reducing of pterygium recurrence. Regarding the reduction of pterygium recurrence after subconjunctivaly Mitomicin-C injection, it can be concluded that this method is an effective treatment in pterygium surgery

Evaluation of epithelial cell proliferating activity and fibroblast nuclear kariometry in recurrent pterygium treated with mitomycin C / Avaliação da atividade proliferativa das células epiteliais e da cariometria do núcleo dos fibroblastos em pterígios recidivados previamente tratados com a mitomicina C

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of mitomycin C (MMC) in preventing recurrence of pterygium following conjunctival autograft transplantation (CAT). Ki-67 antigen to evaluate epithelial cell proliferation and fibroblast nuclear kariometry were used to assist treatment evaluation. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with recurrent pterygium were divided into three groups: Group (G) 1 - CAT and placebo eyedrops (PED); G2 - CAT, 0.015 percent MMC subconjunctivally, and PED; G3 - CAT and 0.02 percent MMC eyedrops. Immunohistochemistry for the Ki-67 antigen and fibroblast nuclei kariometry were performed on the excised tissue, divided into nasal and temporal sides. Kariometry was evaluated in terms of volume (Vl) and area (Ar) using at least 50 cells/patient. RESULTS: The percentage of positive epithelial cells for the Ki-67 antigen on the nasal and temporal side after treatment of the three groups were: nasal (5.39 percent G1, 4.49 percent G2, and 3.88 percent G3); temporal (3.30 percent G1, 4.46 percent G2, 4.14 percent G3), did not show significant differences. Fibroblast nucleus kariometry was: nasal Vl (792.1 µ3 G1, 605.1 µ3 G2, and 549.9 µ3 G3) and Ar (100.58 µ2 G1, 83.13 µ2 G2, and 78.41 µ2 G3). The three groups showed significant differences: p=0.039 and p=0.035, for respectively Vl and Ar, on the nasal side. After a six month of treatment, the three groups presented the following recurrence rates: G1, 22.22 percent, G2, 18.18 percent and G3, 33.33 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: MMC did not reduce the number of positive epithelial cells for the Ki-67 antigen in recurrent pterygium, but decreased fibroblast nucleus volume and area on the nasal side of the pterygia. The number of positive epithelial cells for the Ki-67 antigen seemed not to be related to pterygium recurrence observed over a six-month post-surgery period. The role of epithelial cell proliferation in pterygium recurrence should be evaluated by further studies.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da mitomicina C (MMC) na prevenção da recorrência quando previamente utilizada no transplante autólogo de conjuntiva (TAC). A avaliação da proliferação celular epitelial pelo antígeno Ki-67 e a cariometria do núcleo dos fibroblastos foram usados como auxiliares na avaliação do tratamento. MÉTODOS: Vinte e nove pacientes com pterígio recidivado foram divididos em três grupos: Grupo (G) 1-TAC e colírio placebo (PLA); G2-TAC, MMC 0,015 por cento subconjuntival e PLA; G3-TAC e colírio de MMC 0,02 por cento. A imuno-histoquímica foi realizada no tecido excisado para o antígeno Ki-67, como a cariometria dos núcleos dos fibroblastos (divididos em lado nasal e temporal). A cariometria dos núcleos dos fibroblastos foi avaliada de acordo com os seguintes parâmetros: volume (Vl) e área (Ar) em pelos menos 50 células por paciente. RESULTADOS: A porcentagem das células epiteliais positivas para o antígeno Ki-67 no lado nasal e temporal após o tratamento dos três grupos estudados foi: nasal (3,30 por cento G1, 4,49 por cento G2 e 3,38 por cento G3) e temporal (3,30 por cento G1, 4,46 por cento G2 e 4,14 por cento G3) não mostrando diferença significativa. A cariometria do núcleo dos fibroblastos foi: Vl nasal (792,1 µ3 G1, 605,1 µ3 G2, e 549,9 µ3 G3) e a Ar (100,58 µ2 G1, 83,13 µ2 G2, e 78,41 µ2 G3). Os três grupos mostraram uma diferença significativa p=0,039 e p=0,035, respectivamente do Vl e da Ar no lado nasal. Após seis meses de tratamento, os três grupos apresentaram a seguinte taxa de recidiva: 22,22 por cento G1, 18,18 por cento, G2 e 33,33 por cento G3 respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da MMC não interferiu nas células epiteliais positivas para o antígeno Ki-67 no pterígio recidivado, mas acarretou diminuição do volume e área dos núcleos dos fibroblastos no lado nasal do pterígio. As células epiteliais positivas para o antígeno Ki-67 parecem não ter relação com a recidiva do pterígio após seis meses...

Recurrence in primary pterygium excision with amniotic membrane grafts

Recurrence in primary pterygium excision with amniotic membrane grafts were studied. Patients presenting to the outpatients clinic of ophthalmology department in Khyber teaching hospital with primary pterygium were included in this study. 22 [41%] cases were treated as inpatients and 32 cases [59%] as outpatient. They were all having primary pterygium. Cases were randomly selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and details were recorded on a pre developed proforma. All patients underwent surgical excision of the pterygium. The pterygia were excised to bare sclera and the conjunctival defects closed with amniotic membrane grafts using 10/0 nylon suture. Each patient was followed for a period of six months. The primary outcome was to measure pterygium recurrence. The recurrence is defined as the 2mm or more regrowth of the fibro vascular tissue over the cornea. Out of the 54 cases by six months post op four [7.40%] developed corneal recurrence. No association was found between pterygium recurrence and pterygium size, amniotic membrane graft dimension, patient age or patient sex. The amniotic membrane is an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of primary pterygium. Absorbing excessive stem and progenitor cells may be one of the mechanisms of reducing the recurrence rate using amniotic membrane

Prevention of pterygium recurrence with intra-operative 5-fluoruracil

A randomised, placebo controlled prospective study, aimed at reducing recurrence following excision of primary pterygium by using intra-operative 25mg/ml of 5-fluorouracil [5-FU] in 80 eyes of 71 patients with primary pterygium was conducted. Excision was performed' using bare sclera technique under local anaesthesia with 2% xylocaine. Patients were divided in two groups, a control group, treated with normal saline solution and the other, treated with intra-operative 5-FU [25mg/ml] with the minimum follow-up, carried out for six months. Mean follow-up period was 17.2 + 10.7 months. Recurrence was seen in 40% eyes of the control group and 32.5% eyes in the 5-FU treated group showing a relative improvement [P>0.05], reduced recurrence rate and also delayed its onset. The number of male patients was almost thrice as compared to females and recurrence was slightly higher in males. No serious complications were seen. Pyogenic granuloma and superficial punctate keratitis were slightly higher in the 5-FU treated group. Use of 25mg/ml 5-FU as a single intra-operative application can be considered as an adjunct chemotherapy in surgery for primary pterygium

Uso de colírio de mitomicina 0.02% na prevenção de pterígio recidivado / Use of mitomycin eye drops 0.02% in the prevention of recurrent pterygium

Os autores usaram um agente antibiótico-antineoplásico: mitomicina em forma de colirio para tratamento de pterigio recorrente após a excisão cirúrgica...Os autores acreditam que a mitomicina 0,02% em colírio seja uma terapia eficaz e segura no tratamento de pterigio recidivado.

Betaterapia, em doses fracionadas, na prevençäo da recidiva do pterígio / Beta irradiation, in fraction dose, in the prevention of pterygium recurrence

Este estudo avaliou o uso de Betaterapia como preventivo da recidiva do pterígio, sua eficácia e segurança. Oitenta e oito olhos de pacientes foram operados de pterígio com técnica de esclera nua e submetidos a quatro etapas de aplicaçäo de betaterapia, com 600 cGy em cada uma; dose total de 2400 cGy. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por vinte e quatro meses e observou-se seis casos de recidiva, além de complicaçöes pequenas e imediatas ao uso da betaterapia que desapareceram após um tratamento. A Betaterapia mostrou-se eficaz na reduçäo da recidiva e sem complicaçöes graves.