Conductas y creencias de los productores rurales de los municipios Sapopema y Sao Jerónimo Da Serra, estado de Paraná, Brasil sobre las intoxicaciones crónicas por genotipos del Pteridium / Behavior and beliefs of rural producers of the municipalities of Sapopema and Sâo Jerónimo da Serra, Paraná state, Brazil on the chronic poisonings by pteridium genotypes

Fue realizada una investigación documental a 63 propietarios y gerentes de explotaciones bovinas con antecedentes de intoxicación animal por ingestión de genotipos del Pteridium de los municipios Sapopema y São Jerónimo da Serra en el estado de Paraná, Brasil, con la finalidad de conocer, evaluar y analizar las actitudes, comportamientos y nivel de conocimientos de los productores rurales en relación a los síndromes crónicos de la toxicosis y la maleza, a propósito de diseñar estrategias dirigidas a minorizar las pérdidas económicas y viabilizar la permanencia del hombre en esas áreas geográficas. El 1,6 por ciento de los animales de las fincas visitadas presentaron episodios clínicos de la toxicosis, siendo las hembras con edades de 2 a 5 años las más afectadas. De los animales clínicamente enfermos 96,1 por ciento presentaron signos de hematuria enzoótica bovina (HEB), incluso animales menores a los dos años de edad; y, 3,9 por ciento fueron identificados con síndrome digestivo anterior (SDA). El 10,3 por ciento de los productores entrevistados reconoció que regularmente ordeñan a las vacas con HEB, lo cual junto a otros factores evidenciados, se traduce en un alerta en materia de salud humana. El 61,9 por ciento de los propietarios intentan algún tipo de paliativo, en la creencia de lograr la recuperación de los animales afectados para después venderlos. Por otro lado, se determinó que no se hacen importantes reformas dirigidas al establecimiento y mejoramiento de campos de pastoreo, ni se establecen estrategias de alimentación suplementarias, pese a que la intoxicación preocupa a los propietarios rurales por sus graves consecuencias económicas, aunque declaran desconocer las repercusiones para la salud pública. Tal comportamiento obedece a razones culturales, desinformación y limitaciones financieras.

A documental research of 63 livestock owners and managers with chronic poisoning by Pteridium’ genotypes of the Municipalities of Sapopema and Sâo Jerónimo da Serra, Paraná State, Brazil, was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the attitudes, behavior and knowledge level of rural producers of the chronic toxicosis and weed syndromes, in order to design strategies focused minimizing on economical features in those geographical areas. In the farms visited, the 1.6% of the animals showed clinical sings of the losses, being females 3 to 5 years old the most affected. Of the clinically sick animals, 96.1% showed bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) symptoms, including animals not older than 2 years old and 3.9% were identified with upper alimentary syndrome (UAS). The 10.3% of producers admitted that cows with BEH were regularly milked. This and other observed facts were a cause of growing concern in public health issues. 61.9% of the owners used various paliatives because hey have strong believes in recovering the affected animals and selling them, because they have strong believes in recovering the affected animals and selling them afterwards. On the other hand, it is clear that important reforms heading to the establishment and improvement of the pasturing fields are absent, for strategies of supplementary feeding are not being planned, although rural owners are concern about poisoning because of its serious economic consequences, effects on public health, not with standing. Such behavior obeys to cultural reasons, lack of information and financial conditions. This compromising result require the urgent intervention of the public sector to adopt educative actions that can modify in an effective way the today’s behavior and also begin an integrated program to control the problematic situation.

Pathological studies on Bovine papilloma virus-fern interaction in hamsters.

Early pathological changes of Bovine papilloma virus (BPV-2)-fern (Pteridium aquilinum and Onychium contiguum fern) interaction in hamsters were studied. In bracken-exposed cattle, BPV induces malignancy in gastrointestinal and urinary bladder mucosa. Cutaneous warts were transmitted successfully in hamsters approximately after 3 months post inoculation while urinary bladder tumour of enzootic bovine haematuria cases were not transmitted. Histologically, tumour was diagnosed as fibroma. Onychium produced more pronounced effects than bracken fern which was characterized by significant reduction in body weight and testicular atrophy. BPV-fern interaction was not appreciable during early period of tumour induction and requires long-term studies for 12 to 18 months.