Application of CD83 and HSF5 to Identify Antemortem and Postmortem Skin Burns / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the forensic application value of cluster of differentiation 83 (CD83) and heat shock transcription factor 5(HSF5) in identifying antemortem and postmortem skin burns.@*METHODS@#Through reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), CD83 and HSF5 mRNA levels in the skin tissues of antemortem and postmortem burned mice and human samples were detected quantitatively.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group and the postmortem burned group, the mRNA levels of CD83 and HSF5 in antemortem burned mice were higher. The high mRNA expressions of CD83 could be detected 96 h after death, and the mRNA expressions of HSF5 could be observed 72 h after death. Compared with undamaged skin, increased CD83 and HSF5 mRNA levels were detected in 11 out of 15 cases(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#CD83 and HSF5 can be used in forensic practice as indicators for vital reaction in antemortem burn identification.

Immunohistochemical analysis of the neural structures of the posterior cruciate ligament in osteoarthritis patients submitted to total knee arthroplasty: an analysis of thirty-four cases

OBJECTIVES: Many authors recommend posterior cruciate ligament-retaining arthroplasty with the intention to maintain the proprioception properties of this ligament. Preservation of the neuroreceptors and nervous fibers may be essential for retaining the proprioception function of the posterior cruciate ligament. The present study was thus developed to evaluate the presence of neural structures in the posterior cruciate ligament resected during posterior stabilized arthroplasty in osteoarthritis patients. In particular, clinical, radiographic and histological parameters were correlated with the presence or absence of neural structures in the posterior cruciate ligament. METHODS: In total, 34 posterior cruciate ligament specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Gomori trichrome. An immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies against the S100 protein and neurofilaments was also performed. The presence of neural structures was correlated with parameters such as tibiofemoral angulation, histological degeneration of the posterior cruciate ligament, Ahlbäck radiological classification, age, gender and the histologic pattern of the synovial neurovascular bundle around the posterior cruciate ligament. RESULTS: In total, 67.5% of the cases presented neural structures in the posterior cruciate ligament. In 65% of the cases, the neurovascular bundle was degenerated. Nervous structures were more commonly detected in varus knees than in valgus knees (77% versus 50%). Additionally, severe histologic degeneration of the posterior cruciate ligament was related to neurovascular bundle degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Severe posterior cruciate ligament degeneration was related to neurovascular bundle compromise. Neural structures were more commonly detected in varus knees. Intrinsic neural structures were detected in the majority of the posterior cruciate ligaments of patients submitted to knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis. .

Low-level laser therapy modulates musculoskeletal loss in a skin burn model in rats

PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on gastrocnemius muscle morphology and Myod imunoexpression in a model of dorsal burn in rats. METHODS: Sixteen male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: control group (CG): rats submitted to scald burn injury without treatment and laser treated group (LG): rats submitted to scald burn injury and treated with laser therapy. Fourteen days post-surgery, gastrocnemius muscle was evaluated being the specimens stained with HE and morphometric data was evaluated. MyoD expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The results showed that laser treated animals presented more organized tissue morphology compared to the non-treated animals, with a higher number of nucleus in the fibers. Also, the cross sectional area of the fibers and the MyoD immunoexpression in the laser treated groups was higher. CONCLUSION: Low-level laser therapy had positive effects on gastrocnemius muscle, improving tissue muscle morphology, increasing cross sectional area and MyoD immunoexpression. .

Keratinocyte growth factor, interleukins (1 beta, 6, 8, 10, 12), and tumor necrosis factor alpha in culture medium of dermal fibroblast of burned patients

PURPOSE: To evaluate the level of cytokines and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) or Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 (FGF-7) in the culture medium of cultured human dermal fibroblasts from patients with large burn in comparison to small burn. METHODS: Fibroblasts of 10 patients (four large burns, four small burns and two controls) were initiated by the enzymatic method using collagenase. Cytokines and KGF in the supernatant of the culture medium was measured by, respectively, flow cytometry using Cytometric Bead Array Human Inflammation kit (CBA, BD Biosciences, USA) and the enzyme immunoassay method using the Quantikine (r) Human KGF. The experiments were performed in triplicate. RESULTS: The expression of IL-12 protein in patients with large burns showed a tendency to increase. IL- 6, IL- 10, and IL- 1beta were observed no difference. For IL - 8, TNF - alpha and KGF was observed a significant difference between the expression in large and small burned patient. CONCLUSION: That IL-8, TNF-alpha and KGF showed higher expression in cultured fibroblasts of large burned patients. .

Evaluation of chitosan gel with 1 percent silver sulfadiazine as an alternative for burn wound treatment in rats / Avaliação do gel de quitosana contendo sulfadiazina de prata 1 por cento como alternativa para o tratamento de queimaduras em ratos

PURPOSE: Evaluation of the rheological, biological and therapeutic properties of a new topical formulation consisting of chitosan gel containing 1 percent silver sulfadiazine, as an alternative for the treatment of burn wounds. METHODS: An experimental study was done with 21 Wistar rats divided into three groups. Group I was treated with chitosan gel without the antimicrobial, group II was treated with chitosan gel with 1 percent silver sulfadiazine and group III was treated with commercially available 1 percent silver sulfadiazine cream. RESULTS: Due to its pseudoplastic characteristic and good bioadhesiveness, the chitosan gels showed a satisfactory retention time over the wounds. No statistical difference was found in the amount of drug released from the chitosan gel and commercially available cream, as well as in the healing time among the groups. Wounds treated with chitosan gel with silver sulfadiazine showed a higher fibroblast production and a better angiogenesis than in the other groups, which are important parameters on the evolution of the healing process. CONCLUSION: The topical use of chitosan gel in association with silver sulfadiazine ameliorated the neovascularization and inflammatory reaction in burn wounds. This new formulation showed advantageous rheological properties and efficient release of the drug.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as propriedades reológicas, biológicas e terapêuticas de uma nova formulação de uso tópico, a partir de um gel de quitosana, contendo sulfadiazina de prata a 1 por cento, no tratamento de queimaduras. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo experimental com 21 ratos Wistar distribuídos em três grupos de sete animais. As queimaduras dos animais do grupo I foram tratadas com gel de quitosana sem antimicrobiano, o grupo II foi tratado com gel de quitosana contendo sulfadiazina de prata 1 por cento e o grupo III foi tratado com creme de sulfadiazina de prata 1 por cento, comumente utilizado no tratamento de queimados. RESULTADOS: Devido às características pseudoplásticas e à boa bioadesividade, os géis de quitosana apresentaram um tempo de retenção satisfatório sobre as feridas. A liberação da sulfadiazina de prata, bem como o tempo de cicatrização, não foram estatisticamente diferentes. Feridas tratadas com o gel de quitosana contendo sulfadiazina de prata apresentaram uma maior produção de fibroblastos e uma melhor angiogênese, comparando-se com os outros grupos, fatores que indicaram uma maior evolução no processo de cicatrização. CONCLUSÃO: O uso tópico do gel de quitosana com sulfadiazina de prata a 1 por cento melhorou a neovascularização e a reação inflamatória em queimaduras e essa nova formulação mostrou boas propriedades reológicas associadas a eficiente liberação do fármaco.

The expression levels of endogenous aFGF mRNA in microwave burn wound tissues and its clinical significance / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The expression levels and changes of endogenous acid fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) in microwave burn wound tissues were detected in order to investigate how to get better therapeutic effects by using the exogenous aFGF for repairing trauma. A burnt-wound animal model was established by NS-F II multifunction spectrum therapeutics equipment, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry assay were applied to detect the expression levels of endogenous aFGF mRNA in microwave burn wound tissues. The expression level of endogenous aFGF mRNA was significantly increased in the burn wound tissues 12 h after burn, reached the peak at 48 h, and gradually deceased 96 h after burn. The expression of endogenous aFGF mRNA after tissue damage was reversible, and its intensity was in accordance with the repair process of tissue damage, suggesting endogenous aFGF may take part in the cell metabolism and proliferation, and then promote the repair of the burn wound.

Study of DNA identification in burned bones / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#For the purpose of solving a problems of DNA testing of burned bones.@*METHODS@#We present a novel strategy to obtain DNA from burned bones based on the use of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) lysis buffer and isoamyl alcohol-chlorophorm extraction with subsequent DNA purification using the DNA IQ System.@*RESULTS@#The methods were found to be effective in removing the PCR inhibitors from the burned bone. Then the extracted DNA was successfully genotyped by using the florescence labeling STR multiplex method.@*CONCLUSION@#The results of this research will assist forensic scientists in the identification of DNA from victims whose bodies underwent significant trauma or burning, precluding the utilization of traditional forensic DNA identification techniques.

Asistencia nutricional del paciente pediátrico quemado / Nutritional care of burned pediatric patient

El cuidado del niño quemado demanda una atención detallada de todas sus necesidades, desde el inicio del daño hasta su recuperación; esto incluye maniobras iniciales de resucitación, procedimientos quirúrgicos, apoyo en unidades especializadas, terapia nutricional y de rehabilitación. La quemadura es provocada por múltiples agentes, las más comunes ocurren por efecto térmico (fuego y líquidos calientes), el grupo etario más afectado está contituido por niños de 0 a 5 años (1). En nuestro país fallecen por esta causa, según constancia en certificados de defunción un número total de 60 niños entre 0 y 19 años (2). La mejoría de las técnicas de resucitación, ha permitido la supervivencia de estos pacientes durante la crítica etapa inicial. Durante este lapso, entre otros factores, la instalación de un apropiado apoyo nutricional ha mejorado el pronóstico y disminuido las complicaciones intrahospitalarias. Las posibilidades de sobrevivir tras un traumatismo térmico entre otros factores, están determinadas por la intensidad y extensión de la quemadura, la reserva cardiopulmonar y metabólica, estas últimas depdendientes de la edad (3)

Consumo preferencial de substrato no trauma por queimadura: estudo experimental / Preferential consumption of substrate in burn trauma: experimental study

As profundas modificaçöes físicas e funcionais que acompanham o trauma exigem naturalmente o envolvimento de fontes metabólicas, näo apenas plásticas, mas também energéticas. Os autores procuraram examinar as alteraçöes do metabolismo energético pós-traumático, escolhendo como modelo experimental a realizaçäo do trauma físico representado pela quimadura térmica de extensäo padronizada da superfície corpórea. Foram utilizados 20 ratos Wistar, machos, adultos, com peso corpóreo em torno de 190g; os animais eram mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas individuais, recebendo água e dieta sintética normoproteica ad libitum. Os ratos foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, cada qual com 10 animais: no grupo Q, após oito dias de acompanhamento, era realizada, sob anestesia geral, a queimadura cutânea padronizada, pela imersäo em água a 75 graus centígrados durante um minuto da regiäo dorsal do animal, delimitada por parâmetros anatômicos fixos, representando 30 a 34// da superfície corpórea total; no grupo C, os animais eram submetidos aos mesmos procedimentos, utilizando-se para a imersäo da regiäo da regiäo dorsal do rato, água à temperatura ambiente. Os animais eram submetidos aos mesmos procedimentos, utilizando-se para a imersäo da regiäo dorsal do rato, água à temperatura ambiente. Os animais eram acompanhados por mais 15 dias, sendo a seguir sacrificados. Nos 5 dias que precediam a queimadura no grupo Q, os animais dos dois grupos, eram submetidos à calorimetria; esta se repetia diariamente até o sacrifício dos animais. A partir dos valores de produçäo de gás carbônico e do consumo de oxigênio (obtidos pela calorimetria), da quantidade de nitrogênio ingerida todos os dias e do valor da excreçäo diária de nitrogênio urinário foram calculados os diferentes parâmetros do metabolismo energético. A análise estatística dos resultados permitiu concluir por uma reduçäo na oxidaçäo de substrato total no grupo Q no primeiro dia pós-queimadura, com ausência de diferença significativa durante o período pós-traumático, mas elevaçäo significativa em fase tardia, já no 13§ dia pós-queimadura. Observou-se também superioridade dos valores referentes à oxidaçäo de proteínas no grupo Q, a partir do 4§ dia após a queimadura, o mesmo ocorrendo com os valores relativos à oxidaçäo de lípidos, a partir do 7§ dia pós-trauma térmico

Algunos aspectos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos durante el stress de las grandes quemaduras / Some aspects of carbohidrate metabolism during the stress of great burned patients

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio realizado en 25 pacientes con grandes quemaduras durante 4 semanas midiendo glicemia y glucosuria. En los pacientes con pronóstico muy grave, los valores medios de glicemia varían desde 8,32 mmol/L en las primeras 72 horas hasta 4,4 mmol/L en la cuarta semana. En el grupo crítico la glicemia está aumentada anormalmente en las primeras 72 horas, llegando a 10,12 mmol/L y se mantiene alta hasta la tercera semana, para descender a la cuarta a 4,82 mmol/L. En el grupo crítico extremo el aumento es mayor llegando a valores de 11,72 mmol/L en la primera semana mateniéndose alta en la cuarta semana. En relación a la glucosuria los pacientes con pronóstico muy grave presentaron valores medios de 24 g/24 horas en la primera semana, desapareciendo en las subsiguientes. En los del grupo crítico se mantiene la glucosuria durante las 3 primeras semanas y en el crítico extremo se cuantifica ésta sólo en las dos primeras semanas

Cambio del flujo gástrico en la rata quemada: factores que pueden inducir la formación de úlceras de Curling / Change in gastric flow in the burned rat. Factores that may induce Curling ulcers

Se usam ratas Wistar macho anestesiadas con pentobarbital sódico. Se miden los parámetros siguientes: tensión arterial, frecuencias cardíaca y respiratoria, presión venosa gástrica, flujo gástrico y se calcula la resistencia vascular periférica. Las ratas se agrupan en la forma siguiente: control, quemadas, control, adrenalectromizadas, y quemadas, adrenalectomizadas. Además dos grupos de ratas para el estudio de la relación flujo gástrico (FG) y hematocrito (Ht): uno control y otro adrenalectomizado. Las ratas después de una hora de quemadas presentan hemoconcentración (Ht de 59.2-0.7%) y flujo gástrico, 45.1% menor que las ratas control. Este porcentaje se reduce a 33% cuando se consdiera la mayor viscosidad y a 26.9% en ausencia de las suprarrenales. Los resultados sugieren que ambos factores, Ht y suprarrenales, son importantes en la disminución del FG de la rata quemada, lo que posteriormente inducirá a la formación de úlceras de Curling. Además confirman nuestra hipótesis: antes de la aparición de una úlcera gástrica se presenta disminución del flujo sanguíneo

Septum and adrenocortical function.

Dorsal septum is an intermediary centre in between the hippocampus and hypothalamus and it has got inhibitory influence over the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Stimulation of the dorsal septum manifested with fall in adrenocortical output whereas its lesion has opposite response. Ventral septum is a facilitatory area regarding activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. It is a balancing centre lying in between the higher central nervous system structures and the hypothalamus. Stimulation and lesion of the ventral septum led to rise and fall in adrenal venous 17-OHCS output respectively. Adrenocortical response to stress of burn was not blocked or inhibited following lesion of the dorsal as well as ventall septum.