Mobile phone radiation induced plasma protein alterations and eye pathology in newly born mice

The hazardous health effect of the exposure to 900-1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields [RF-EMF] which emitted from mobile phones was investigated on the plasma protein and eye of newly born mice. Twenty one newly born mice were divided into 3 groups, the 1[st] group served as control, the 2[nd] group exposed to mobile phone radiation daily for one month [45 min/day] and the 3[rd] group remained one month following the end of exposure. The results showed deleterious changes in the plasma protein pattern by electrophoretic analysis. Also, the microscopic examination demonstrated numerous histopathological and histochemical changes in the eye mainly represented by degenerated, hemorrhagic areas and detachment in some layers of the eye with alteration in collagen, polysaccharides, total protein and marked increase in amyloid beta [beta] protein contents of newly born mice exposed to RF-EMF from mobile phone [45 min/day] for one month as well as after one month following the end of exposure. It was concluded that the exposure to mobile phone radiation causes plasma proteins alterations and eye pathology in newly born mice

Interacciones de las radiaciones electromagnéticas y especies reactivas del oxígeno sobre la piel / Interactions of electromagnetic radiations and reactive oxygen species on skin

La energía radiante abarca todo el espectro electromagnético y proviene de la fusión en el sol, de 4 núcleos de hidrógeno en uno de helio. Las radiaciones electromagnéticas tienen características de ondas, con la velocidad de la luz (c) y difieren en sus longitudes de ondas (λ). La energía lumínica es transmitida en unidades individuales o fotones: E = h c/λ así, los fotones de menores λs son los de mayor energía. Las radiaciones ultravioletas (UV) (λs de 200 - 400 nm) pueden dividirse: UVA (λs 315 - 400 nm); UVB (λs 280 - 315 nm) y UVC (λs < 280 nm). UVB y UVC son las más importantes, en inducir respuestas biológicas. Por acción de las radiaciones electromagnéticas el O2, da productos agrupados bajo la denominación de Especies Reactivas del Oxígeno (ROS). El alto contenido de O2 en los sistemas biológicos estimula la formación de ROS, que si no son controladas por el sistema endógeno de antioxidantes, afectan el estado redox de las células y generan daños tisulares ("stress oxidativo"). Inducen peroxidación de lípidos, entrecruzamiento de proteínas, inhibición de enzimas, pérdida de integridad y función de membranas plasmáticas y mitocondriales, ruptura de organelas intracelulares. Como consecuencias producen inflamación, envejecimiento, carcinogénesis y muerte celular. Mientras las radiaciones infrarrojas, inducen aumento de la temperatura cutánea, llegando a producir graves quemaduras, las UVA y UVB, en forma encubierta, reaccionan con cromóforos del tejido cutáneo, que absorben fotones y generan alteraciones fotoquímicas, implicadas en el envejecimiento celular e inducción de cáncer. La radiación UV al alcanzar el núcleo de las células causa daños en el ADN. Los seres humanos debemos protegernos de los efectos deletéreos del sol que representa un problema de salud pública, de suma importancia. Defensa que logramos con la vestimenta y uso de productos protectores de la piel. Las bacterias, así como otros procariotas, más expuestas a las radiaciones solares han generado plásmidos, que incrementan por medio de un sistema de reparación del ADN, la tolerancia a la UV y otros agentes mutagénicos.

The energy of electromagnetic radiation is derived from the fusion in the sun of four hydrogen nuclei to form a helium nucleus. The sun radiates energy representing the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation. All electromagnetic radiation has wave characteristics and travels at the same speed (c: speed of light). But radiations differ in wavelength (λ). Light energy is transmitted not in a continuum stream but only in individual units or photons: E = h c/λ. Short wave light is more energetic than photons of light of longer wavelength. Ultraviolet radiations (UV) (λs 200 - 400 nm) can be classified in UVA (λs 315 - 400 nm.); UVB (λs 280 - 315 nm) and UVC (λs < 280 nm). UVB and UVC are the most significant UV radiations to induce biological responses. Electromagnetic radiations on molecular oxygen lead to several reactive products known as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). High O2 content in biological systems promotes ROS synthesis. If ROS are not controlled by endogenous antioxidants, cell redox status is affected and tissue damage is produced ("oxidative stress"). ROS induce lipid peroxidation, protein cross-linking, enzyme inhibition, loss of integrity and function of plasmatic and mitochondrial membranes conducing to inflammation, aging, carcinogenesis and cell death. While infra-red radiations lead to noticeable tissue temperature conducing to severe burns, UVA and UVB undercover react with skin chromophores producing photochemical alterations involved in cellular aging and cancer induction. As UV radiations can reach cellular nucleus, DNA can be damage. Human beings need protection from the damaging sunbeams. This is a very important concern of public health. While humans need to protect their skin with appropriate clothing and/or by use of skin sunblocks of broad spectrum, some bacteria that are extensively exposed to sunlight have developed genomic evolution (plasmid-encoded DNA repair system) which confer protection from the damaging effect of UV radiation.