Radionúclidos en el diagnóstico de las neumoconiosis / Radionuclides imaging in the diagnosis of the pneumocononiosis

Se estudiaron 101 trabajadores con diagnóstico de neumoconiosis mixta por silice, asbesto y cemento, en los que se intento mejorar la precisión diagnóstica al valorar la incapacidad fisico-funcional producida por la enfermedad, para lo cual además de las radiografias de tórax, las pruebas de función pulmonar clásicas y el estudio clínico-que consta de exploración fisica e interrogatorio con énfasis en los antecedentes de trabajo-, se efectuaron estudios con isótopos radioactivos: xenón-133 para evidenciar las alteraciones ventilatorias y la zona pulmonar en que éstas se producen, tecnecio-99m macroagregados de albúmina (Te-99mMAA) para esclarecer el área de las alteraciones en la perfusión pulmonar, y gallo-67 para descubrir en qué sitio del pulmón existe inflamación intersticial. Con el xenón-133 se encontró correlación de 85 por ciento, con el Te-99m-MAA de 98 porciento y con el gallo-67 de 80 por ciento, en relación con el sistema tradicional utilizado para evaluar el grado de incapacidad fisico-funcional. Se realizó análisis bivariado con x², considerando significativo un valor de p<0.05

Implantaçäo da produçäo de 123I Ultra-puro no IEN/CNEN-RJ / Implantation of production of ultra-pure 123I in IEN/CNEN-RJ

A produção do (123)I no IEN/CNEN-RJ a partir da reação (124)TeO2(p,2n)(123)I é limitada tanto pelo seu baixa rendimento como pela sua pureza radionuclídica inviabilizando sua expedição para for a do Rio de Janeiro. Com o intuito de se vencer estas limitações é que se decidiu pela implantação da produção de (123)I ultra-puro a partir da reação (124)Xe(p,2n)(123)Cs©(123)Xe©(123)©I, método utilizado pelo FZK com quem se iniciou um intercâmbio para transferência da tecnologia dentro da nossa realidade. Com este método será possível produzir 1,0 Ci/batelada de (123)I ultra-puro.

Regional ventilation-perfusion study with Xe133 in cases of idiopathic kyphoscoliosis

This work was carried on ten patients with idiopathic kyphoscoliosis. Complete pulmonary functions on all the patients as well as regional ventilation/perfusion studies on five of them using Xenon [133] were done. The ventilatory defect on the studied cases was essentially that of restrictive pattern. There was no evidence of airway obstruction since the forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV[1]] and maximum expiratory flow rate [MEFR] were with in normal. All lung volumes were reduced except the residual volume which registered a normal value. There was CO[2] retension and hypoxemia attributable to alveolar hypoventilation and ventilation/perfusion [V/Q] imbalance. The latter error was illustrated by diminusion of ventilation and perfusion of the lower lung zones that was evident in the right lung possibly due to lung compression by the scoliotic curve. The disturbance in perfusion was less than that of ventilation with the result of low V/Q ratio at the lung bases and high V/Q ratio at the upper lung zones. That was partially responsible for arterial hypoxemia

Regional vetilation-perfusion study with Xe133 in patients with pectus excavatum deformity

Ten patients with pectus excavatum deformity have been evaluated by routine clinical, radiological, ECG and pulmonary function tests as well as radio-isotopic lung function studies using Xe[133]. The results showed no correlation between subjective complaints and objective findings and also no correlation with the degree of deformity. The routine pulmonary function tests showed a mild restrictive pattern. Arterial gas tensions showed a mild drop in PaO[2] and a normal PaCO[2] Regional lung study on five patients showed impairment of ventilation and perfusion in the form of hypoventilation and perfusion in the form of hypoventilation and hypoperfusion of Zone [3] of the left lung with corresponding hyperventilation and hyperperfusion of zone [3] of the right lung due to heart displacement to the left and compression of the left lung base

study of regional lung function in normal Egyptians during normal breathing using xenon 133

A technique is described to assess regional pulmonary blood flow and ventilation during normal breathing at rest, using Xenon[133] and 8 scintillation detectors. Twenty normal Egyptians were subjected to the study in erect posture. Their data show a normal pattern of increasing ventilation per unit lung volume from upper to lower zones. The right lung depicts almost better perfusion and less ventilation than the left, essentially in the lower zones. Regional V/Q ratio decreases progressively in both lungs from upper to lower zones. Correlative study was also included with arterial blood gases, spirometry and flow rates to rule out a disease error

Exercise and regional lung function in normal adult Egyptians using radioactive Xe 133

15 normal adult subjects were submitted to regional lung study by the radioactive gas Xe[133] after tolerable exercise of 50 Watts for 7 minutes. All persons showed more or less evening of the distribution of the perfusion with loss of the normal gradient from upper to lower zones. Ventilation was also remodelled to a better ventilation in the left lung than the right lung. The ventilation/perfusion ratio at regional levels was consequently reshaped

Selective lung perfusion study in bronchiectasis using radioactive xenon-133

Selective radioactive xenon-133 lung perfusion study was carried out in 10 patients with bronchiectasis. The administration of the radioactive solution in the pulmonary artery and/or one or more of its lobar branches demonstrated the extent and direction of blood flow in and around the diseased areas. Quantitation was also possible both at regional and separate lung levels

Regional pulmonary function in bronchiectasis using xenon-133

Radioactive Xenon-133 was used to study the regional lung ventilation and perfusion in 14 patients with bronchiectasis. A new technique for counting is adopted to avoid some errors met with in previous methods. Six of the patients underwent spirometric and blood gas and pH studies. Whereas mild to moderate obstructive-restrictive lung function pattern was revealed, the mixing efficiency was consistently low. There was a good agreement between Xenon-133 and bronchographic studies, in a way that bronchographically abnormal areas showed curtailment in ventilation per lung volume [V/V]. Regions that displayed low V/V also demonstrated low perfusion per lung volume [Q/V], although not as large as ventilation. The overall lung function matched the amount of lung involvement by bronchiectasis. Certain observations of the regional perfusion curves, in some patients, allowed us to conclude some mechanisms which may underline the uncommonly found hypoxaemia in these patients

regional lung ventilation and perfusion in athletes using radioactive xenon

Ten normal athletes were studied for their regional lung ventilation and perfusion. Radioactive Xenon[133] was used to map out both by the aid of 8 chest collimators. The study revealed a particular pattern of readjusted distribution of the two systems, so that the athletic lung perform, at rest, in a way comparable to the normal non athletic lung if stressed with exercise. Thirty normal non athletes were similarly studied as control