Análise histológica do estômago da prole de ratas Wistar submetidas ao consumo crônico de álcool durante a prenhez / Histological analysis of stomach of offspring of Wistar rats submitted to chronic alcohol consumption during pregnancy

O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas na gravidez consiste em um importante problema de saúde pública, visto que, pode causar prejuízos na organogênese de diversos órgãos, incluindo o estômago, entretanto, poucos estudos avaliam o efeito da exposição pré-natal ao álcool nesse órgão. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar histologicamente o estômago da prole de ratas submetidas ao consumo crônico de álcool durante a prenhez. Utilizou-se 10 ratas prenhes divididas nos grupos: Controle - ratas que receberam água destilada durante todo período gestacional e Álcool ­ ratas que receberam álcool etílico absoluto (3g/kg/dia) durante todo período gestacional. Logo após o nascimento, 12 neonatos (6 machos e 6 fêmeas) de cada grupo foram anestesiados e os estômagos coletados. Posteriormente, os órgãos foram fixados e processados seguindo a técnica histológica de rotina. Foram feitas análises histomorfométricas das camadas mucosa, muscular e da parede total do estômago. Observou-se que as proles macho e fêmea expostas ao etanol apresentaram diminuição da área de epitélio, contudo, os machos também mostraram redução significativa do número de células epiteliais. Demonstrou-se ainda redução na espessura das camadas mucosa, muscular e da parede total do estômago da prole fêmea do grupo Álcool. No entanto, a camada muscular apresentou aumento significativo em sua espessura no grupo de neonatos machos expostos ao etanol. Assim, concluímos que a exposição pré-natal ao álcool provoca efeitos nocivos sobre o estômago dos neonatos, contudo, estudos futuros são necessários para melhor elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos na patogênese e possíveis consequências para os animais na fase adulta.

Consumption of alcoholic beverages during pregnancy is a significant public health issue since it can damage the organogenesis of several organs, including the stomach; however, few studies evaluate the effect of prenatal exposure to alcohol in this organ. The objective of this study was to analyze the histology of the stomach of offspring of rats submitted to chronic alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Ten pregnant rats were divided into two groups: Control - rats receiving distilled water throughout the gestation period, and Alcohol - rats receiving absolute ethyl alcohol (3g/kg/day) throughout the gestation period. After birth, 12 newborn rats (6 males and 6 females) from each group were anesthetized and their stomachs were collected. Subsequently, the organs were fixed and processed following the routine histological technique. The mucosa, muscle and total stomach were submitted to histomorphometric analyses. It was observed that the male and female offspring exposed to ethanol had a decrease in the epithelium area. However, males also showed a significant reduction in the number of epithelial cells. There was also a reduction in the layer's thickness mucosa, muscle and total stomach wall of the female offspring from the alcohol group. Additionally, the muscular layer presented a significant increase in its thickness in the group of male neonates exposed to ethanol. It can be concluded that prenatal exposure to alcohol causes harmful effects on neonates' stomachs; however, future studies are necessary to better elucidate the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and possible consequences for the animals in adulthood.

Efectos de la ingestión de una dieta con alto contenido en grasas en ratas Wistar crónicamente infectadas con Trypanosoma cruzi / The effects of ingesting a high-fat diet on Wistar rats chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi

Se investigan los efectos de la ingestión de una dieta con alto contenido en grasas en ratas albinas (R. norvegicus) crónicamente infectadas con Trypanosoma cruzi “Planalto”, mediante pruebas de diagnóstico sero-parasitológicas, cuantificación del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), detección de la Proteína C Reactiva (PCR), evaluación de los niveles de lípidos plasmáticos (colesterol total, lipoproteínas de alta densidad - HDL y triglicéridos) y presencia de depósitos lipídicos en la arteria aorta. Durante el curso de la infección chagásica, se detectaron parasitemias patentes entre los 10 y 35 días pi, con un máximo promedio de 36,68±2 trips./mm³ de sangre a los 25 días. A los 90 días pi, se evidenció ausencia de parasitemias y presencia de anticuerpos IgG anti- T. cruzi. Las ratas chagásicas (A) y las sanas (C) sometidas a la dieta rica en grasas, mostraron: diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en el IMC, en comparación con los grupos de ratas sometidas a la dieta normal (B: infectadas y D: sanas); discreta reacción de la PCR en los sueros de las ratas infectadas B; aumento significativo en los niveles de colesterol total, colesterol - HDL y triglicéridos en los grupos A y C en comparación con los grupos controles B y D (p<0,05). El estudio histológico de las arterias de ratas del grupo A, reveló importantes depósitos lipídicos ubicados en la capa muscular próximos a las capas íntima y adventicia. Estos resultados sugieren que el incremento en los niveles de lípidos plasmáticos estimulado por el proceso infeccioso, son los principales mecanismos por el cual T. cruzi podría estar influyendo en la iniciación o progresión de placas ateromatosas

The effects of ingesting a high fat diet on albino rats (R. norvegicus) chronically infected with Trypanosome cruzi “Planalto” were researched using serological and parasitological diagnostic tests, body mass index (BMI) quantification, detection of C-Protein Reactive (CPR), evaluation of the plasmatic lipid levels (total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins HDL and triglycerides) and the presence of lipidic deposits in the aorta artery. During the course of the chagasic infection, patent parasitemias were detected between the ages of 10 and 35 days post-infection (pi) with a maximum average of 36.68 ± 2 tryps/mm³ of blood at 25 days. At 90 days pi, the absence of parasitemias and the presence of IgG anti T. cruzi antibodies were in evidence. The chagasic rats in chronic phase (A) and the healthy controls (C) submitted to a high fat diet showed: 1. Significant variations (p0.05) in the BMI, in comparison with the rat groups receiving a normal diet (B: infected and D: healthy rats); 2. A discrete CRP reaction in the serum of infected rats B; 3. A significant increase was shown in the total cholesterol levels, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides for groups A and C in comparison with control groups B and D (p0.05). The histological study of rat arteries in group A revealed important lipid deposits located in the muscular layer near the intimal and adventitial layer. These results suggest that the increase in plasmatic lipid levels stimulated by the infectious process are the main mechanisms through which T. cruzi could be influencing the initiation or the progression of atheromatous plaque

Normal microbiota of the perialveolar region of incisors of rats / Microbiota normal da região perialveolar de incisivos em ratos

Identificou-se a microbiota normal da região peri-alveolar de incisivos em 72 ratos Wistar, com 70-90 dias de idade e 280-330g de peso. As bactérias foram coletadas com suabes embebidos em solução salina. Do material depositado em tubo contendo 460µl de Brain Heart Infusion e diluído em 1:10, retirou-se 1µl para semeadura em placas de Petri. O crescimento médio foi 1,4x10(6) ± 2,6x10(5)UFC/ml. Segundo a ordem das freqüências, as bactérias encontradas foram: Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Corynebacterium sp., Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus saprophyticcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Serratia liquefaciens. De todas as bactérias isoladas, as Gram-positivas e as Gram-negativas compreenderam 91,2 por cento e 8,8 por cento, respectivamente. Dentre as Gram-positivas, a mais freqüente foi Bacillus sp.(31,2 por cento) e a menos, Staphylococcus saprophyticcus (3,0 por cento). Quanto às bactérias Gram-negativas, a mais encontrada foi Escherichia coli (50,1 por cento) e a menos, Serratia liquefaciens (6,2 por cento)

High resolution scanning electron microscopy study of the bacteria adhesion in the epithelial cell membranes of the third anterior part of young rat tongue mucosa

Los autores relatan la presencia de bacterias sobre la superficie de las células epiteliales el tercio anterior de la mucosa lingual de ratas jóvenes a través del microscopio de barrido de alta resolución. Las células epiteliales de las papilas filiformes y fungiformes revelaron numerosos grupos de bacterias. Estas bacterias están fijadas sobre la membrana de las células epiteliales claramente visualizadas en imágenes tridimensionales

Enterotoxigenicidad de campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni y su relación con aumento de AMPc y alteración electrolítica en el intestino de ratas / The relationship of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni enterotoxigenicity and the increase of cAMP and electrolytic alterations in the rat intestine

Background: Small intestine alterations produced by the enterotoxigenic capacity of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni are similar to the hydric, electrolytic and pathological changes caused by choleraic and thermolabile Escherichia coli toxins. Aim: To study the enterotoxigenic capacity of 4 strains of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni using the intestinal loop model. Material and methods: Rat intestinal loops were inoculated with culture filtrates of the four strains. Enterotoxigenicity was assessed by fluid accumulation, the increase in Na+ and Cl- in the loop fluid, and cAMP increases in loop tissues. An enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil strain and sterile Brucella both were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Results: The filtrates of two strains produced fluid accumulation in the loops, significantly increased Na+ and Cl - secretion to the intestinal lumen and increased tissue cAMP levels. Conclusions: Some strains of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni are able to show enterotoxigenicity in vivo, increasing cAMP levels in the intestinal cells and altering electrolyte exchange mechanisms

Effect of systemic monosodium L-glutamate on muscarinic cholinergic receptors in selected rat brain regions during development

[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) binding to muscarine acetylcholine receptors (mAchR) was measured in cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus of rats ata the ages of 7, 14, and 21 days, which had received a subconvulsive intraperitoneal dose of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) (4 mg/g) on postnatal days 1, 3, 5 and 7. MSG treatment determined an increasse of mAchR density in cerebral cortex. This was 8, 15 and 25 per cent at day 7, 14 and 21, respectively. In cuadate nucleus, a significant increase of mAchR density was detected at day 7 (240 per cent). However, on postnatal day 14, mAchR binding in caudate nucleus of MSG-Treated rats was only 47 per cent higher, while at 21 days, no changes in mAchR binding were found. When MSG was injected to adults rats, no changes in brain mAchR density were detected. Data suggest that early administration of MSG affects the development of mAchR in cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus, whereas the adult brain cortical cholinergic transmission is not sensitive to parenterally administered MSG