Radial Nerve Supracondylar Block Versus Fracture Hematoma Block. Comparison of Their Efficacy in Cases of Fractures of the Distal Third of the Radius / Bloqueio supracondilar de nervo radial versus bloqueio de hematoma de fratura. Comparativo de sua eficácia em casos de fraturas do terço distal do rádio

Abstract Objective The present study compares the analgesic efficacy of two techniques to perform non-surgical reduction: fracture hematoma block and radial nerve supracondylar block. Methods Forty patients with fractures of the distal third of the radius, who required reduction, were selected in a quasi-randomized clinical trial to receive one of the anesthetic techniques. All patients signed the informed consent form, except for those who did not wish to participate in the study, had neurological injury, had contraindication to the procedure in the emergency room, or with contraindication to the use of lidocaine. To measure analgesia, the numerical pain rate scale was used at four different moments: preblock, postblock, during reduction, and after reduction; then three differences were calculated: the first between before and after blocking; the second between during reduction and after blockade; and the third between before blocking and after reduction. Results The fracture hematoma and supracondylar block groups showed the following mean values, respectively: 3.90 (1-10) and 3.50 (-6-10) in difference 1; 4.35 (-5-10) and 5.00 (-3-10) in difference 2; and 4.65 (1-10) and 3.80 (-3-10) in difference 3. Conclusion Both techniques proved to be efficient for analgesia, with mild superiority of hematoma block, but without statistical significance.

Resumo Objetivo O estudo compara a eficácia analgésica de duas técnicas para realizar redução incruenta: o bloqueio de hematoma da fratura e o bloqueio supracondilar de nervo radial. Métodos Quarenta pacientes com fraturas do terço distal do rádio, que necessitassem redução, foram selecionados em um ensaio clínico quasi-randomizado, para receber uma das técnicas anestésicas. Todos os pacientes assinaram o termo de consentimento ou assentimento, com exceção daqueles que não desejassem participar do estudo, tivessem lesão neurológica, com contraindicação ao procedimento na sala de emergências, ou com contraindicação ao uso da lidocaína. Para aferir a analgesia foi utilizada a escala numérica da dor em quatro momentos distintos: pré-bloqueio, pós-bloqueio, durante a redução e após a redução; em seguida, foram calculadas três diferenças: a primeira entre antes e após o bloqueio; a segunda entre durante a redução e após o bloqueio; e a terceira entre antes do bloqueio e após a redução. Resultados Os grupos do bloqueio de hematoma de fratura e bloqueio supracondilar apresentaram respectivamente os seguintes valores médios: 3.90 (1-10) e 3.50 (-6-10) na diferença 1; 4.35 (-5-10) e 5.00 (-3-10) na diferença 2; e 4.65 (1-10) e 3.80 (-3-10) na diferença 3. Conclusão As duas técnicas se provaram eficientes para analgesia, com discreta superioridade do bloqueio de hematoma, mas sem significância estatística.

Fracturas supracondíleas en pacientes pediátricos tratados quirúrgicamente con Técnica de Cruzada. Hospital Central San Cristóbal / Supracondylar humerus fractures in childrens surgically treated by Crossed Wiring Technique. San Cristóbal Central Hospital

Las fracturas supracondíleas en niños se asocian con algunas complicaciones. Su tratamiento estándar es la reducción cerrada y la fijación con alambres en distintas configuraciones. Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, prospectivo y longitudinal con pacientes pediátricos que ingresaron con fracturas supracondíleas de húmero tratados quirúrgicamente con alambres de Kirschner con "Técnica Cruzada" en el Hospital Central San Cristóbal enero a junio de 2022. Se incluyeron 30 pacientes. La edad promedio fue 6,3±2,2(3-10) años. La causa más frecuente del traumatismo fue la precipitación de altura en 63,3% de los casos. La posición del codo al momento del accidente fue en extensión en 90%. Todas las fracturas fueron cerradas. El tiempo promedio desde el accidente hasta su atención en emergencia fue de 8,5±13,4(2-72) horas. Los signos clínicos más frecuentes fueron dolor en 100,0%, limitación funcional en 96,7%, aumento de volumen 73,3% y deformidad 50,0%. Según la clasificación AO la más frecuente fue del tipo 13-M/3. 1 III en el 50% de los casos y según Gartland, las tipo IIIA en 53,3%. A las 4 semanas, 100,0% de las fracturas consolidaron, 13,3% presentó valgo y 6,7% varo en la radiografía anteroposterior. Mientras que, en la lateral, 33,3% antecurvatum. La media del ángulo de Baumann fue de 20,27±1,39 grados. La tasa de complicaciones fue de 16,66%, 2(6,7%) casos presentaron neuropraxia y 3(10,0%) granuloma. En conclusión, la Técnica Cruzada es segura en términos de reducción, funcionalidad y tasas de complicaciones en el seguimiento a medio plazo(AU)

Supracondylar fractures in children are associated with some complications. Its standard treatment is closed reduction and fixation with wires in different configurations. An observational, analytical, prospective and longitudinal study was made, with pediatric patients admitted with supracondylar humeral fractures surgically treated with Kirschner wires with the "Cross Technique" at the Hospital Central San Cristóbal from January to June 2022. 30 patients were included. The mean age was 6,3±2,2(3-10) years. The most frequent cause of trauma was high altitude precipitation in 63,3% of the cases. The position of the elbow at the time of the accident was 90% extended. All fractures were closed. The mean time from the accident to emergency care was 8,5±13,4(2-72) hours. The most frequent clinical signs were pain in 100,0%, functional limitation in 96.7%, volume increase in 73,3%, and deformity in 50,0%. According to the AO classification, the most frequent was type 13-M/3. 1 III in 50% of cases and according to Gartland, type IIIA in 53,3%. At 4 weeks, 100,0% of the patients consolidated, 13,3% presented valgus and 6,7% varus on the anteroposterior radiograph. While, on the side, 33,3% antecurvatum. The mean Baumann angle was 20,27 ± 1.39 degrees. The rate of complications was 16,66%, 2 (6,7%) cases presented neuropraxia and 3 (10,0%) granuloma. In conclusion, the Crossover Technique is safe in terms of reduction, functionality, and complication rates in medium-term follow-up(AU)

Comparación del tratamiento de las fracturas supracondíleas de húmero Gartland II y III con técnica de Dorgan versus técnica Cruzada. Hospital General del Sur "Dr. Pedro Iturbe"+ / Treatment Comparison of Gartland II and III supracondylar humerus fractures with Dorgan technique vs Cross technique. del Sur General Hospital "Dr. Pedro Iturbe"

Se comparó la osteodesis por técnica lateral de Dorgan con la técnica Cruzada tradicional o de "Banderillero" en fracturas supracondíleas de húmero Gartland II y III. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional con diseño experimental. Se incluyeron 24 pacientes, los cuales se distribuyeron en 2 grupos: Grupo A (13 pacientes): técnica de Dorgan y Grupo B (11 pacientes): la técnica Cruzada. La mayor frecuencia de pacientes se encontró entre los 10 y 14 años para el Grupo A y 6 a 9 años para el Grupo B. Se encontró predominio del sexo masculino con 78% de los casos. El mecanismo de producción de la fractura más frecuente fue el indirecto. Mayor frecuencia de las fracturas Gartland III en 62,5% casos y desplazamiento posterior en 66,66%. Según los Criterios de Flynn, los resultados post operatorios para el Grupo A: Pérdida del Ángulo de Acarreo: 7,7% Excelente, 53,8% Bueno y 38,5% Regular, y Pérdida de Movilidad: 7,7% Excelente, 38,5% Bueno y 53,8% Regular; para el Grupo B: Pérdida del Ángulo de Acarreo: 54,5% Bueno, 27,3% Regular y 18,2% Malo, y Pérdida de Movilidad: 9,1% Excelente, 81,8% Bueno y 9,1% Malo. La tasa de complicaciones fue de 7,7% para el Grupo A y 18,2% para el Grupo B (p<0,05). La osteodesis con técnica de configuración lateral de Dorgan presentó menor tasa de complicaciones comparada con la técnica Cruzada, sin embargo, ésta última tuvo mejor recuperación de los rangos articulares(AU)

Osteodesis using the Dorgan lateral technique was compared with traditional crossover or "Banderillero" technique in Gartland II and III supracondylar humerus fractures. A descriptive correlational study with experimental design was made. 24 patients were included, and distributed into 2 groups: Group A (13 patients): Dorgan's technique and Group B (11 patients): crossover technique. The highest frequency of patients was found between 10 and 14 years for Group A and 6 to 9 years for Group B. A predominance of the masculine sex was found with 78% of the cases. The most frequent mechanism for producing the fracture was indirect. Higher frequency of Gartland III fractures in 62,5% cases and posterior displacement in 66,66%. According to Flynn Criteria, the postoperative results for Group A: Loss of Motion: 7,7% Excellent, 53,8% Good and 38,5% Fair, and Angle of Movement: 7,7% Excellent, 38,5% Good and 53,8% Regular; for Group B: Angle of load: 54,5% Good, 27,3% Regular and 18,2% Bad, and Angle of Movement: 9,1% Excellent, 81,8% Good and 9,1% Bad. The complication rate was 7,7% for Group A and 18,2% for Group B (p <0,05). Osteodesis with the Dorgan lateral configuration technique presented a lower rate of complications compared to the Cross technique, however, the latter had better recovery of the joint ranges(AU)

Preoperative Prediction of Gartland IV Supracondylar Fractures of Humerus: Is it Possible? / Previsão pré-operatória de fraturas supracondilares de úmero Gartland IV: É possível?

Abstract Objectives The present study aims to identify preoperative characteristics of the patient, of the injury, as well as of imaging, which would point towards a type IV fracture. The present study shall help the operating team to predict more accurately the type IV pattern preoperatively, leading to improved counselling of the caregivers, planning of surgery, as well as preparedness regarding open reduction, if such situation arises. Methods A retrospective study was conducted, including patients that met the following criteria: 1) age < 16 years old; 2) Gartland type-III and type-IV supracondylar fractures; and 3) with complete records. Demographic data like age, gender, laterality, mode of injury, hospital duration of the injury, history of previous attempts of closed reduction, open/closed fracture, distal neurovascular status, and radiographic data like angulation, translation, osseous apposition and fracture comminution were collected. Results Hospital duration of the injury and previous attempts of closed reduction were the factors that had a statistically significant difference among types III and IV fractures (p < 0.05). A diagnosis of type IV supracondylar fractures was significantly more likely in the presence of valgus angulation of the distal fragment ≥ 17º (odds ratio [OR] = 20.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.45-118.65). Flexion angulation ≥ 10º (OR = 5.32; 95% CI = 0.24-119.88) of the distal fragment predicted Gartland type IV with a sensitivity of 41% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion The preoperative evaluation of suspected Gartland IV fractures can help the operating surgeon in predicting such injuries. Nonradiographic factors like increased hospital duration of the injury, attempts at previously closed reduction, and radiographic parameters like valgus and flexion angulation were more likely to be associated with type IV fractures. Level of evidence III.

Resumo Objetivos O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar características pré-operatórias do paciente e da lesão, bem como da imagem que apontaria para uma fratura tipo IV. O presente estudo ajudará a equipe operacional a prever com mais precisão o padrão tipo IV pré-operatório, levando a um melhor aconselhamento dos cuidadores e planejamento da cirurgia, bem como a uma melhor preparação em relação à redução aberta, se tal situação surgir. Métodos Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado, incluindo pacientes que atendiam os seguintes critérios: 1) idade < 16 anos; 2) fraturas supracondilares Gartland tipos III e IV; e 3) com registros completos. Foram coletados dados demográficos como idade, gênero, lateralidade, modo de lesão, duração hospitalar de lesão, histórico de tentativas anteriores de redução fechada, fratura aberta/fechada, estado neurovascular distal e dados radiográficos como angulação, translação, aposição óssea e cominação de fratura. Resultados A duração hospitalar de lesões e as tentativas anteriores de redução fechada foram os fatores com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as fraturas tipo III e IV (p < 0,05). O diagnóstico de fraturas supracondilares tipo IV foi significativamente mais provável na presença de angulação em valgo de fragmento distal ≥ 17º (odds ratio [OR] = 20,22; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% = 3,45-118,65). A angulação de flexão ≥ 10º (OR = 5,32; IC95% = 0,24-119,88) do fragmento distal previram Gartland tipo IV com sensibilidade de 41% e especificidade de 100%. Conclusão A avaliação pré-operatória de suspeitas de fraturas de Gartland IV pode ajudar o cirurgião operacional a prever tais lesões. Fatores não radiográficos, como o aumento da duração da lesão hospitalar, tentativas de redução previamente fechada e parâmetros radiográficos como valgo e angulação de flexão foram mais propensos a estarem associados a fraturas tipo IV. Nível de evidência III.

Fractura de fémur proximal (31-A3. 2) asociada al uso de tenofovir en paciente VIH+: reporte de caso / Proximal femur fracture (31-A3. 2) associated with the use of tenofovir in an HIV-positive patient: case report

Presentamos el primer reporte de caso en paciente adulto con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH + ) con fractura por fragilidad en fémur proximal asociada al uso de terapia antirretroviral (TARV) con fumarato de disoproxilo de tenofovir (FDT) en Chile. Actualmente, los pacientes diagnosticados con VIH inician tratamiento precoz con TARV, lo que implica mayor cantidad de años de exposición a los fármacos de la terapia. El tiempo de exposición acumulado al FDT se ha asociado a disminución de la densidad mineral ósea y falla renal progresiva, pudiendo el paciente desarrollar síndrome de Fanconi adquirido y osteomalacia, con riesgo aumentado de fractura. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 44 años, VIH+ , evaluado en urgencia tras caída a nivel que resultó en fractura patológica del fémur proximal. Los exámenes de ingreso destacaron hipocalemia, hipocalcemia, hipofosfatemia e hipovitaminosis D. Se realizó manejo multidisciplinario, con suspensión del FDT, un cambio en la TARV, y suplementación con calcio y carga de vitamina D. Se realizó reducción cerrada y fijación con clavo cefalomedular largo, que evolucionó favorablemente con rehabilitación motora precoz; el paciente recuperó su funcionalidad previa, y se observó consolidación ósea a las 12 semanas. La aparición de dolor osteomuscular en pacientes VIH+ en TARV debe levantar alta sospecha clínica de efecto adverso a medicamento; el seguimiento de estos pacientes debe incluir el control seriado de la función renal y de los niveles séricos de calcio y fósforo. La búsqueda y sospecha de estas complicaciones permitiría una intervención precoz, mejorando la condición de los pacientes y previniendo fracturas patológicas.

We present the first case report of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adult patient with a fragility fracture of the proximal femur associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in Chile. Currently, patients diagnosed with HIV start ART early, resulting in more years of exposure to these drugs. The accumulated exposure time to TDF has been associated with a decreased bone mineral density and progressive renal failure, potentially leading to acquired Fanconi syndrome, osteomalacia, and an increased risk of fracture. We present a case of a 44-year-old, HIV-positive man assessed at the emergency room after a fall from standing height which resulted in a proximal femoral pathological fracture. Laboratory findings at admission revealed hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypovitaminosis D. Multidisciplinary management was performed, with TDF discontinuation, ART change, and supplementation with calcium and vitamin D. Closed reduction and fixation with a long cephalomedullary nail was successful, with early motor rehabilitation, functional recovery, and bone consolidation at 12 weeks. Musculoskeletal pain in HIV-positive patients on ART must raise the clinical suspicion of an adverse drug effect; the follow-up of these subjects must include serial monitoring of renal function and serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Screening and suspicion of such complications would enable an early intervention, improving the patients' condition and preventing pathological fractures.

Fracturas de húmero distal en pacientes mayores de 65 años: ¿cuál es la mejor opción terapéutica? / Distal humerus fractures in patients over 65 years: what is the best therapeutic option? / Fraturas do úmero distal em pacientes maiores de 65 anos: qual é a melhor opção terapêutica?

Introducción: Las fracturas del húmero distal corresponden al 2% de todas las fracturas. Son los pacientes más añosos, los que presentan mayor desafío terapéutico. Suelen presentarse con huesos osteoporóticos, lo que conlleva a producir fracturas con mayor conminución articular y metafisaria; así como también dificultar una fijación estable y rígida de las mismas, que permita una movilidad precoz. Estas características generan controversia a la hora de elegir el tratamiento adecuado. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar la bibliografía de la última década, acerca de cuál es la mejor opción terapéutica para las fracturas de húmero distal en pacientes añosos. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada a través de los buscadores electrónicos PubMed y Timbó en agosto 2019. La búsqueda llego a un total de 475 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 24 según criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Discusión: La mayoría de los estudios analizados son estudios de serie de casos retrospectivos. En los trabajos revisados, existen fracturas tanto extra como intra-articulares. Se analizaron los resultados de los distintos tratamientos realizados según parámetros clínicos, scores funcionales y complicaciones. Conclusiones: El tratamiento conservador es una opción válida para aquellos pacientes en los que el terreno no permita una intervención quirúrgica. Para las fracturas tipo extra-articulares y parcialmente articulares, la reducción abierta y fijación interna es el tratamiento de elección. Para las fracturas articulares completas, no hay diferencias significativas en cuanto a scores utilizados entre la reducción abierta y fijación interna con la artroplastia de codo. Faltan estudios prospectivos que comparen ambos tratamientos.

Introduction: Distal humerus fractures account for 2% of all fractures. It is the elderly patients who present the greatest therapeutic challenge. Osteoporotic bones, more common in this population, lead to the production of fractures with greater joint and metaphyseal comminution. As a result, stable and rigid fixation becomes more difficult, hindering early mobility. These characteristics generate controversy when choosing the appropriate treatment. The aim of this study is to review the literature of the last decade regarding the best therapeutic option for distal humerus fractures in elderly patients. Methods: A systematized search was performed through the electronic search engines PubMed and Timbó in august 2019. The search reached a total of 475 articles, of which 24 were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Discussion: Most of the studies analyzed are retrospective case series studies. In the articles reviewed, there are both extra and intra-articular fractures. The results of the different treatments performed were analyzed according to clinical parameters, functional scores and complications. Conclusions: Conservative treatment is a valid option for those patients where the terrain does not allow surgical intervention. For extra-articular and partial-articular fractures, open reduction and internal fixation is the treatment of choice. For complete articular fractures, there are no significant differences in scores used between open reduction and internal fixation and elbow replacement. There is a lack of prospective studies comparing both treatments.

Introdução: Fraturas do úmero distal correspondem a 2% de todas as fraturas. São os pacientes mais idosos os que apresentam maior desafio terapêutico. Geralmente apresentam-se com ossos osteoporóticos, o que implica produzir fraturas com maior cominuição articular e metafisária; assim como também dificultar uma fixação estável e rígida das mesmas, que permita uma mobilidade precoce. Estas características geram controvérsia na escolha do tratamento adequado. O objetivo deste estudo é rever a bibliografia da última década, sobre qual é a melhor opção terapêutica para fraturas de úmero distal em pacientes idosos. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa sistematizada através dos buscadores eletrônicos Pubmed e Timbó em agosto 2019. A pesquisa chegou a um total de 475 artigos, dos quais 24 foram selecionados segundo critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Discussão: A maioria dos estudos analisados são estudos de série de casos retrospectivos. Nos trabalhos revisados, existem fraturas tanto extra como intra-articulares. Foram analisados os resultados dos diferentes tratamentos realizados segundo parâmetros clínicos, scores funcionais e complicações. Conclusões: O tratamento conservador é uma opção válida para os pacientes em que o terreno não permita uma intervenção cirúrgica. Para fraturas tipo extra-articulares e parcialmente articulares, a redução aberta e fixação interna é o tratamento de escolha. Para fracturas articulares completas, não há diferenças significativas em termos de scores utilizados entre a redução aberta e a fixação interna com artroplastia do cotovelo. Faltam estudos prospectivos que comparem os dois tratamentos.

Actualización en fracturas supracondíleas del codo en la infancia / Update in suprancondylar elbow fractures in children / Atualização em fraturas supracondilares do cotovelo na infância

Las supracondíleas son el tipo más común de fracturas en la articulación del codo durante la infancia, con un pico de presentación entre los cinco y siete años. Además constituyen el segundo tipo de fracturas más frecuente en la población pediátrica en general. El mecanismo típico de la lesión es una caída desde la altura del paciente sobre la palma de la mano con el codo en hiperextensión. El diagnóstico se basa en la sospecha clínica, según el mecanismo de la lesión y la edad del paciente, además de la radiografía simple del codo en dos proyecciones. La clasificación de Gartland es la más usada para establecer la gravedad de la fractura y guiar el tratamiento, que puede ser ortopédico en fracturas no desplazadas. El método de elección para corrección de las desplazadas es la reducción cerrada y fijación con pines percutáneos. La complicación más común es la neuropraxia del nervio mediano. Otras complicaciones son la lesión de la arteria braquial, el síndrome compartimental, la isquemia de Volkmann, el deslizamiento de los pines y el cúbito varo.

Supracondylar are the most common fractures in the elbow joint during childhood with a peak between the ages five to seven. Besides, they are the second most common type of fracture in the pediatric population in general. The typical cause of the injury is the patient falling from their own height on the palm of the hand with the elbow in hyperextension. The diagnosis is based on the clinical suspicion according to the injury mechanism and the age of the patient, in addition to a standard elbow X-ray from two views. The Gartland classification is the most used instrument to establish the severity of the fracture and to guide the treatment, which can be orthopedic in non-displaced fracture, whereas the method of choice for correction of displaced fractures is closed reduction and percutaneous fixation. The most common complication is the neuropraxia of the median nerve. Others are the brachial artery injury, compartment syndrome, Volkamm ischemic contracture, sliding of the pins and ulna varus.

As supracondilares são o tipo mais comum de fraturas na articulação do cotovelo durante a infância, com um pico de apresentação entre os cinco e sete anos. Ademais constituem o segundo tipo de fraturas mais frequente na população pediátrica em geral. O mecanismo típico da lesão é uma queda desde a altura do paciente sobre a palma da mão com o cotovelo em hiperextensão. O diagnóstico se baseia na suspeita clínica, segundo o mecanismo da lesão e a idade do paciente, ademais da radiografia simples do cotovelo em duas projeções. A classificação de Gartland é a mais usada para estabelecer a gravidade da fratura e guiar o tratamento, que pode ser ortopédico em fraturas não deslocadas. O método de eleição para correção das deslocadas é a redução fechada e fixação com pinos percutâneos. A complicação mais comum é a neuropraxia do nervo mediano. Outras complicações são a lesão da artéria braquial, a síndrome compartimental, a isquemia de Volkmann, o deslizamento dos pinos e o cúbito varo.

Treatment of closed subtalar joint dislocation: A case report and literature review / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Subtalar dislocation is defined as a separation of the talocalcaneal and talonavicular articulations, commonly caused by high-energy mechanisms, which include falls from height, motor vehicle crashes, and twisting leg injuries. The dislocations are divided into medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior types on the basis of the direction in which the distal part of the foot has shifted in relation to the talus. The most common type is medial dislocation resulted from inversion injury. Subtalar dislocation may accompany with other fractures. Physical examination must be performed carefully to assess for neurovascular compromise. Most of the subtalar dislocations can be treated with closed reduction under sedation. If this is not possible, open reduction without further delay should be conducted. After primary treatment, X-ray and computed tomography scan should be performed to evaluate the alignment and the fractures. We report a 37-year-old male patient sustained a subtalar dislocation without any bony injury when he was playing football. The patient was successfully treated by closed reduction, and a good alignment was observed at the last follow-up. The pathogenesis and treatment method of this case were analyzed, and the related literature were reviewed, which provided a reference for future clinical treatment.

Clinical effect of manual reduction of humeroradial joint in the treatment of type Ⅰ-Ⅲ fresh Monteggia fracture in children / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#To evaluate the efficacy of closed reduction on the humeroradial joint in the treatment of Bado type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ fresh Monteggia fractures in children and investigate the effect of clinical factors, including Bado classification, age and time of treatment on the success rate of closed reduction.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively studied the data of children ≤10 years old with fresh Monteggia fractures (injury within two weeks) treated by manual reduction with plaster immobilization from January 2014 to April 2019. All patients were followed up in the outpatient department every two weeks for 4-6 weeks until plaster removal and then 3, 6 and 12 months. Online or telephone interview was provided for some inconvenient patients after 6 months. Mackay criteria were used to evaluate the clinical effect. Radiographic data were collected and reviewed to assess the reduction of the humeroradial joint. Function of the elbow joint and forearm was evaluated and risk factors related to the failure of reduction were assessed. The successful manual reduction was analyzed from three aspects, respectively Bado fracture type (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ), patient age (6 years) and time interval from injury to treatment (group A, 3 days).@*RESULTS@#Altogether 88 patients were employed in this study, including 58 males (65.9%) and 30 females (34.1%) aged from 1 to 10 years. There were 29 cases (33.0%) of Bado type Ⅰ Monteggia fractures, 16 (18.2%) type Ⅱ and 43 (48.7%) type Ⅲ. Successful manual reduction was achieved in 79 children (89.8%) at the last follow-up. The failed 9 patients received open surgery. Mackay criteria showed 100% good-excellent rate for all the patients. The success rate of manual reduction was 89.7%, 87.5% and 90.7% in Bado type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ cases, respectively, revealing no significant differences among different Bado types (χ = 0.131, p = 0.937). Successful closed reduction was achieved in 13 toddlers (13/13, 100%), 38 preschool children (28/42, 90.5%) and 28 school-age children (28/33, 84.8%), suggesting no significant difference either (χ = 2.375, p = 0.305). However time interval from injury to treatment showed that patients treated within 3 days had a much higher rate of successful manual reduction: 67 cases (67/71, 94.4%) in group A, 10 cases (10/11, 90.9%) in group B, and 2 cases (2/6, 33.3%) in group C (χ = 22.464, p < 0.001). Fisher's test further showed significant differences between groups A and C (p = 0.001) and groups B and C (p = 0.028).@*CONCLUSION@#Closed reduction is a safe and effective method for treating fresh Monteggia fractures in children. The reduction should be conducted as soon as possible once the diagnosis has been made.

Triple open dislocation in the index finger of the hand without a high-energy trauma / Triple luxación abierta del segundo dedo de la mano tras traumatismo de baja energía

A simultaneous double dislocation (both proximal [PIP] and distal [DIP] interphalangeal joints) of a triphalangeal finger is a rare entity. The most common hand affected is the right hand. In the case of a closed triple dislocation (metacarpophalangeal [MCP], PIP and DIP joints); there are only two cases in the literature revised. In this case, we report an open triple dislocation in the index finger of the left-hand of a 54-year-old man treated by closed reduction and 3 weeks of immobilization followed by active mobilization with satisfactory results.

La luxación simultánea de las articulaciones interfalángicas proximal (IFP) y distal (IFD) de un dedo de tres articulaciones es una rara entidad. La mano que es afectada con más frecuencia es la derecha. Con relación a una triple luxación cerrada (articulación metacarpofalángica [MCF], IFP e IFD), sólo hay descritos dos casos en la literatura revisada. En este caso, describimos una triple luxación abierta del segundo dedo de la mano en un varón de 54 años de edad tratada mediante reducción cerrada,e inmovilización durante 3 semanas seguida de movilización activa supervisada, con resultado final satisfactorio.

Fractura metafisaria de radio distal asociada a una fractura de escafoides, en un adolescente de 14 años / Distal radius fracture combined with scaphoid fracture, in a 14-year-old teenager / Fratura metafisária do rádio distal associada a uma fratura escafóide em adolescente de 14 anos

La asociación entre fractura de radio distal y fractura de escafoides es una asociación infrecuente, en la presentación inicial, pasa inadvertida muchas veces la fractura a nivel de escafoides. El diagnóstico precoz nos permite un correcto tratamiento evitando posibles complicaciones en la evolución. Se presenta el caso de un adolescente de 14 años con dicha asociación lesional. Se le realizó reducción cerrada y fijación percutánea con alambres de Kirschner a nivel del radio distal y se trató la fractura de escafoides, de forma ortopédica, con yeso antebraquipalmar con inclusión del primer dedo. Se obtuvo la consolidación de ambos focos con excelentes resultados clínicos.

The association between distal radius fracture and scaphoid fracture is a rare association, in many cases the scaphoid fracture can be overlooked at the initial presentation. The early diagnosis allows a correct treatment avoiding possible complications in the follow-up. The case of a 14-year-old teenager with this association is presented. Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation was performed with Kirschner Wires at distal radius fracture, the scaphoid fracture was treated orthopedically with short-arm thumb spica cast. Consolidation of both fractures was obtained with excellent clinical results.

A associação entre fratura do rádio distal e fratura do escafoide é uma associação pouco freqüente; na apresentação inicial, a fratura do escafóide geralmente passa despercebida. O diagnóstico precoce nos permite um tratamento correto, evitando possíveis complicações na evolução. É apresentado o caso de um adolescente de 14 anos com essa associação lesional. Ele foi submetido a redução fechada e fixação percutânea com fios de Kirschner no raio distal, e a fratura do escafóide foi tratada ortopedicamente com um molde de antebraço incluindo o primeiro dedo. A consolidação de ambos os focos foi obtida com excelentes resultados clínicos.

Luxación erecta expuesta de hombro en un niño: reporte de un caso / Erect shoulder dislocation in a child: case report / Erecto luxação do ombro em uma criança: relato de caso

La luxación erecta expuesta de hombro es una asociación lesional de muy baja frecuencia en la edad pediátrica. Son más frecuentes las lesiones fisarias y epifisarias que las luxaciones y lesiones ligamentarias. Esto es debido a la presencia de un tejido óseo con gran poder de deformidad elástica y un periostio grueso. Presentamos un caso clínico de un paciente de 11 años de edad que sufrió una luxación erecta expuesta de hombro derecho, producto de una caída de 1 metro y medio de altura. El tratamiento consistió en una limpieza quirúrgica de urgencia, reducción gleno humeral y antibioticoterapia empírica, penicinila 400.000 UI/kg/día fraccionado cada 6 hs y gentamicina 3mg/Kg/día fraccionada cada 8 h por 10 días, inmovilización por 3 semanas con cabestrillo seguido de rehabilitación, y un follow up de 2 años al final del cual el paciente no presento secuelas funcionales en la articulación glenohumeral derecha.

The exposed erect dislocation of the shoulder is a very low frequency lesion association in the pediatric age. The physical and epiphyseal lesions are more frequent than the dislocations and ligament injuries. This is due to the presence of a bone tissue with great elastic deformity power and a thick periosteum. We present a clinical case of an 11-year-old patient who suffered an exposed erect dislocation of the right shoulder, due to a fall of 1 meter and a half high. The treatment consisted of emergency surgical cleaning, humeral gleno reduction and empirical antibiotic therapy, penicinila 400,000 IU/kg/day divided every 6 hours and gentamicin 3mg/Kg/day divided every 8 hours for 10 days, immobilization for 3 weeks with a sling followed by rehabilitation, and a follow-up of 2 years at the end of which the patient did not present functional sequelae in the right glenohumeral joint.

A luxação ereta exposta do ombro é uma associação de lesão de freqüência muito baixa na idade pediátrica. As lesões físicas e epifisárias são mais freqüentes que as luxações e lesões ligamentares. Isto é devido à presença de um tecido ósseo com grande poder de deformidade elástica e um periósteo espesso. Apresentamos um caso clínico de um paciente de 11 anos de idade que sofreu uma luxação ereta exposta do ombro direito, devido a uma queda de 1 metro e meio de altura. O tratamento consistiu em limpeza cirúrgica de emergência, redução de gleno umeral e antibioticoterapia empírica, penicinila 400.000 UI / kg / dia dividida a cada 6 horas e gentamicina 3mg / Kg / dia dividida a cada 8 horas por 10 dias, imobilização por 3 semanas com tipóia seguida de reabilitação e seguimento de 2 anos no final dos quais o paciente não apresentava sequela funcional na articulação glenoumeral direita.

Luxación anterior obturatriz traumática de cadera en la edad pediátrica: reporte de un caso / Anterior dislocation traumatic hip obturator in pediatric age: a case report / Obturador traumático de cadeira com luxação anterior em idade pediátrica: relato de caso

La luxación de cadera de tipo anterior-obturatriz es una patología inusual en la ortopedia pediátrica pero con complicaciones potencialmente graves en la evolución. A propósito, presentamos el caso de una niña de 14 años que sufrió una luxación anterior-obturatriz secundaria a un traumatismo de alta energía. Se le realizo reducción cerrada en block quirúrgico bajo anestesia general, con buena evolución y sin complicaciones, con un seguimiento 24 meses.

Hip dislocation of the anterior-obturator type is an unusual pathology in pediatric orthopedics, but with potentially serious complications in evolution. By the way, we present the case of a 14-year-old girl who suffered a secondary anterior-obturator dislocation and high-energy trauma. A closed reduction was made in the surgical block under general anesthesia, with good evolution and without complications in a follow-up of 24 months.

A luxação anterior-luxação do quadril obturador é uma patologia incomum em ortopedia pediátrica, mas com complicações potencialmente graves na evolução. A propósito, apresentamos o caso de uma menina de 14 anos que sofreu um deslocamento obturador prévio secundário a trauma de alta energia. Uma redução fechada foi realizada no bloco cirúrgico sob anestesia geral, com boa evolução e sem complicações no seguimento de 24 meses.

Isolated Anterior Dislocation of the Radial Head with Atypical Presentation in an Adult: A Case Report / Luxação anterior isolada da cabeça radial com apresentação atípica em um adulto: Relato de caso

Abstract Isolated anterior dislocation of the radial head is rarely reported. To date, only five cases have been reported in the world literature. In all of these cases, the patients presented with restricted supination-pronation movements of the forearm with maintained elbow flexion-extension. We report an unusual case of isolated anterior radial head dislocation in an 18-year-old male, who presented with maintained supination-pronation movements of the forearm but restricted elbow flexion-extension. Closed reduction was attempted, but it failed. Hence, an open reduction was performed. However, the reduction was unstable due to rupture of the annular ligament. Hence, the repair of the annular ligament was performed, and a radio-ulnar Kirschner wire was passed to maintain the reduction of the proximal radio-ulnar joint, thus keeping the annular ligament stress-free, facilitating its healing. At 12 months of follow-up, the patient had normal elbow function and complete range of motion.

Resumo A literatura sobre a luxação anterior isolada da cabeça do rádio é escassa, com apenas cinco casos relatados no mundo inteiro até hoje. Em todos esses casos, os pacientes apresentaram movimentos de supinação-pronação restritos do antebraço, e manutenção da flexão-extensão do cotovelo. Os autores apresentam um caso incomum de luxação de cabeça radial anterior isolada em um paciente do sexo masculino de 18 anos, que apresentou movimentos de supinação-pronação no antebraço e restrição na flexão-extensão do cotovelo. A redução fechada foi tentada, mas sem sucesso. Assim, foi feita a redução aberta. No entanto, a redução foi instável devido à ruptura do ligamento anular. Por isso, o reparo do ligamento anular foi realizado, e um fio de Kirschner rádio-ulnar foi inserido para manter a redução da articulação rádio-ulnar proximal, evitando estresse sobre o ligamento anular, facilitando sua cicatrização. Aos 12 meses de acompanhamento, o paciente apresentava função normal do cotovelo e amplitude de movimento completa.

Luxación recidivante de la cadera en la neurofibromatosis tipo-1 / Recurrent hip dislocation in neurofibromatosis type-1

RESUMEN Introducción: La neurofribomatosis tipo 1 es un desorden genético común que puede afectar el esqueleto de forma frecuente. Las manifestaciones esqueléticas de la neurofibromatosis tipo 1 incluyen escoliosis, pseudoartrosis congénita de tibia y lesiones quísticas intraoseas. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas e imagenológicas de esta enfermedad, encontradas en el caso que se presenta, así como el tratamiento realizado y la evolución de la paciente. Presentación del caso: Se presenta una luxación de la cadera resultante de un neurofibroma intraarticular en una paciente femenina de 17 años que sufrió un trauma menor. La luxación y su causa en esta paciente fueron sospechadas en un inicio por el cuadro clínico y los hallazgos anormales en las primeras radiografías de pelvis, y más tarde fue confirmada con tomografía axial computarizada e imágenes por resonancias magnéticas. Se le realizó una reducción cerrada bajo anestesia general con posterior tracción por partes blandas durante cuatro semanas. El caso fue seguido por consulta externa durante un año sin presentar un nuevo episodio de luxación de cadera. Conclusiones: La luxación recidivante de cadera asociada con neurofibromatosis tipo 1 es una ocurrencia rara y está poco reportada en la literatura. Este caso ilustra las características clínicas y sobre todo imagenológicas de la neurofibromatosis tipo 1, mediante las radiografías, imágenes por resonancia magnética y tomografía axial computarizada con reconstrucción. El tratamiento realizado, reducción cerrada bajo anestesia general con posterior tracción por partes blandas durante cuatro semanas, fue satisfactorio(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Neurofribomatosis type 1 is a common genetic disorder that can frequently affect the skeleton. Skeletal manifestations of type 1 neurofibromatosis include scoliosis, congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia, and intraosseous cystic lesions. Objective: To describe the clinical and images characteristics of this disease, which are present in the case we report, and to describe the treatment and evolution of the patient. Case report: A hip dislocation resulting from an intra-articular neurofibroma is presented in a 17-year-old female patient who suffered minor trauma. Dislocation and its cause in this patient were initially suspected due to the clinical condition and abnormal findings on the first pelvis x-rays and later it was confirmed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Closed reduction was performed under general anesthesia with posterior soft tissue traction for four weeks. The case was followed by outpatient consultation for one year with no new episode of hip dislocation. Conclusions: Recurrent hip dislocation associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 is a rare occurrence and it is poorly reported in the literature. This case illustrates the clinical and particularly imaging characteristics of type 1 neurofibromatosis, using x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography with reconstruction. Closed reduction under general anesthesia was the treatment performed followed by soft tissue traction for four weeks, which was satisfactory(AU)

RÉSUMÉ Introduction: La neurofibromatose de type 1 (NF1) est un trouble génétique commun qui peut affecter fréquemment le squelette. Les manifestations squelettiques de la neurofibromatose de type 1 comprennent la scoliose, la pseudarthrose congénitale du tibia et les lésions kystiques intra-osseuses. Objectif: Décrire les caractéristiques cliniques et radiographiques de cette maladie rencontrées dans ce cas, ainsi que le traitement appliqué et l'évolution de la patiente. Présentation du cas: Le cas d'une patiente âgée de 17 ans atteinte de luxation de la hanche dû à un neurofibrome intra-articulaire et souffrant un traumatisme insignifiant, est présenté. Dès le début, la luxation et sa cause ont été suspectées, étant donné le tableau clinique et les résultats anormaux des premières radiographies du bassin, qui ont été confirmés plus tard par tomographie axiale assistée par ordinateur et IRM. Une réduction fermée sous anesthésie générale avec une traction postérieure des parties molles pendant quatre semaines a été réalisée. Ce cas a été suivi en consultation externe pendant un an sans présenter un nouvel épisode de luxation de hanche. Conclusions: La luxation récidivante de hanche liée à une neurofibromatose de type 1 est une affection rare et peu abordée dans la littérature. Ce cas met en évidence les caractéristiques cliniques, et particulièrement radiographiques, de la neurofibromatose de type 1 au moyen de radiographies, IRM et tomographie avec reconstruction. Le traitement appliqué, c'est-à-dire, la réduction fermée sous anesthésie générale avec une traction postérieure des parties molles pendant quatre semaines, a été satisfaisant(AU)

Fracturas en niños: experiencia en un centro de alta complejidad del suroccidente Colombiano / Fractures in children: experience in a tertiary referral hospital in South west Colombia

Resumen Introducción: Es importante conocer las características demográficas y clínicas de las fracturas en niños para mejorar las estrategias de prevención y tratamiento en estos pacientes. Objetivos: Describir las fracturas en niños y sus características epidemiológicas. Metodología: Estudio tipo corte transversal desde enero 2014 hasta diciembre 2017. Pacientes menores de 18 años que consultaron por fracturas a una clínica en Colombia fueron incluidos. Se incluyeron datos demográficos, lugar donde ocurrió el trauma, huesos fracturados y tipo de tratamiento. Se evaluó la distribución por género y grupo etario. La fuente de información fue la historia clínica. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para agrupar los datos. Se calculó la incidencia de fracturas por cada 1000 niños/ año. Este estudio recibió aval del comité de ética de la institución. Resultados: Hubo 2436 niños fracturados, 65.6% (n=1597) ocurrieron en hombres. La mayoría fueron entre 6-11 años (40.7%, n=991), luego entre 12-17 años (36.4%, n=887) y finalmente, menores de 6 años (22.9%, n=558). La localización de la fractura más frecuente entre 0-5 años fue el húmero (30.6%, n=171), seguido por el radio (29%, n=162) y la clavícula (15.9%, n=89); entre 6-11 años fue el radio (45.2%, n=448), seguido por el húmero (18%, n=178) y el cúbito (16.6%, n=165); y entre 12-17 años fue el radio (34.6%, n=307), seguido por los huesos de la mano (22.7%, n=201) y los huesos del pie (10.8%, n=96). Requirieron manejo quirúrgico 30.9% de los niños fracturados (n=752). La incidencia de fracturas fue de 29.7/1000 niños por año. Conclusión: Las fracturas en niños se presentan con mayor frecuencia en el género masculino. Los huesos fracturados varían dependiendo del grupo etario, con un porcentaje importante del radio en todos los grupos. La mayoría se manejan de forma conservadora.

Abstract Introduction: It is important to know the demographic and clinical characteristics of fractures in children to improve prevention and treatment strategies in these patients. Objectives: To describe fractures in children and their epidemiological characteristics. Methodology: Cross-sectional study performed between January 2014 and December 2017. Patients under 18 years old with fractures who consulted to a hospital in Colombia were included. Demographic data, the location where the trauma occurred, fractured bones and type of treatment were included. Age and gender distribution were analyzed. Medical records were the source of information. Central tendency and dispersion measures were used to group the data. Incidence of fractures per 1000 children / year was calculated. This study received approval from the institution's ethics committee. Results: There were 2436 children with fractures, 65.6% (n=1597) occurred in males. Most fractures were in children between 6-11 years old (40.7%, n=991), followed by 12-17 years old (36.4%, n=887) and finally by children under 6 years old (22.9%, n=558). For the group under 6 years, most fractures occurred in humerus (30.6%, n=171), followed by radius (29%, n=162) and clavicle (15.9%, n=89); between 6-11 years old it was in radius (45.2%, n=448), followed by humerus (18%, n=178) and ulna (16.6%, n=165); and between 12-17 years it was in radio (34.6%, n=307), followed by bones of the hand (22.7%, n=201) and bones of the foot (10.8%, n=96). Surgical treatment was required in 30.9% (n=752) of the patients. The incidence of fractures was 29.7/1000 children per year. Conclusions: Fractures in children occur more frequently in males. The fractured bones differ depending on the age group; however, radius fractures represent an important proportion in all groups. Most fractures in children are treated in a conservative manner.

Closed traction reduction of cervical spine facet dislocations: compelled by law

Background. Following a 2015 ruling, the South African (SA) Constitutional Court obligates closed reduction of cervical facet dislocations sustained through low-energy injury mechanisms, within 4 hours of injury. Closed traction reduction of cervical facet dislocations requires specific equipment and expertise, which have limited availability in SA.Objectives. To review the time delays, delaying factors and success rate of closed reductions of cervical facet dislocations in a tertiary-level orthopaedic department and training facility, and to consider the feasibility of such a reduction within 4 hours after injury.Methods. The clinical records and imaging screens of patients presenting with cervical facet dislocations to an academic training hospital between November 2008 and March 2016 were retrospectively reviewed, with specific attention to demographic information, mechanism of injury, time delays from injury to treatment and factors resulting in delay, as well as the success rate in closed cervical reduction.Results. Ninety-one patients with cervical dislocation presented during the study period, of whom 69 were included for further review. The mean age at presentation was 37.6 (range 18 - 65) years. Successful reduction was achieved in 71% (n=49) of cases, with a median delay time from injury to reduction of 26 (interquartile range (IQR) 19.50 - 31.75) hours. Only 1 patient of 69 patients received successful reduction within 6 hours after injury. Neurological improvement was noticed in 5 of 53 patients with neurological deficit ­ after successful reduction. Two patients improved with two American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grades (from A to C), and 2 improved with one ASIA grade (from A to B and D to E).Conclusions. Successful reduction of a cervical facet dislocation within 4 hours presents a challenge to healthcare infrastructure globally. The relative scarcity of this type of injury (91 cases during 8 years in a tertiary referral hospital) prevents district-level clinicians from readily acquiring a level of experience to confidently perform closed reduction of these injuries, unless very specific training and support are provided towards this end

Formación de un solo hueso en el antebrazo / Formation of a single bone in the forearm

En 1921 se describió la formación de un solo hueso del antebrazo como un proceder de rescate para una pseudoartrosis en el radio distal. Se presentan dos casos con un defecto óseo significativo en el antebrazo, secundario a procesos sépticos, a los que se les realizó la técnica de "un solo hueso". A un paciente se le transfirió la diáfisis del cúbito proximal a la metáfisis distal del radio con fijación de la articulación radiocubital distal para garantizarle estabilidad a la muñeca. Al segundo caso se le fijó la metáfisis proximal del cubito con la diáfisis distal del radio. Ambos presentaron una evolución posoperatoria favorable, con recuperación funcional y estética de la extremidad(AU)

In 1921, the formation of a single forearm bone was described as a rescue procedure for a pseudoarthrosis in the distal radius. We present two cases with significant bone defect in the forearm, secondary to septic processes, to which the "single bone" technique was performed. A patient was transferred the diaphysis of the proximal ulna to the distal metaphysis of the radius with fixation of the distal radioulnar joint to ensure stability to the wrist. In the second case, the proximal metaphysis of the ulna was fixed with the distal diaphysis of the radius. Both patients had favorable postsurgical evolution, with functional and aesthetic recovery of their limb(AU)

Luxacion traumatica aguda de la articulacion tibioperonea proximal: Reporte de un caso y revision bibliográfica / Acute traumatic dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint: case report and review

La luxacion tibioperonea proximal es poco comun, se relaciona con lesiones deportivas, como consecuencia de un trauma en rotacion con el pie en inversion y flexion plantar, la rodilla en flexion y la pierna en rotacion externa simultaneamente. Provoca dolor en la region lateral de la rodilla y la pierna, con arcos de movilidad completos de la rodilla, pero dolorosos. El diagnostico es clinico y radiologico. Es una entidad que pasa inadvertida en el Servicio de Urgencias (60%), con consecuencias funcionales y biomecanicas si no se diagnostica oportunamente. El objetivo es describir la experiencia diagnostica y el tratamiento ortopedico de una entidad inusual en trauma de rodilla. Se presenta a un paciente de 23 anos que sufrio una caida patinando y refiere protuberancia proximal en la cara lateral de la pierna izquierda, edema, dolor y limitacion para extender la rodilla. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Proximal tibiofibular dislocation is uncommon, and it is related to sport injuries as a result of an external rotation trauma with the knee in fully flexed position, and foot pointing inwards and downwards. It causes pain in the anterolateral aspect of the knee, motion is complete but painful. Diagnosis is clinical and radiological. This entity goes unnoticed in the emergency department (60%), with functional and biomechanic consequences if diagnosis is no immediate. The objective is to describe diagnostic experience and orthopedic treatment of an unusual knee condition. We present a 23-year-old patient who fell while skating. He refers a proximal protuberance in the lateral face of the left leg, edema, pain, and limitation for knee extension. Level of Evidence: IV

Redução de seio frontal: abordagem bucomaxilofacial na terapia de reabilitação das fraturas panfaciais / Frontal sinus reduction: approach oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation therapy of pan facial fractures

Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico de fratura do seio frontal, com o manejo clínico e cirúrgico, as complicações e os benefícios dos tratamentos adotados. As lesões do seio frontal, na sua maioria, relacionam-se a traumas de grande amplitude, como acidentes com veículos automotores, agressões físicas, ferimentos com arma de fogo e acidentes em trabalhadores da construção civil, acometendo mais a população masculina entre 21 e 30 anos de idade, podendo afetar as paredes anterior e/ou inferior do seio frontal, incluindo fraturas naso- -órbito-etmoidal e zigomáticas. O seu envolvimento pode causar complicações relacionadas a cavidade intracraniana, órbita e/ou estruturas nasais, como sinusites recorrentes, osteomielite do osso frontal, mucocele ou mucopiocele, meningite, encefalite, abcesso cerebral ou trombose do seio cavernoso, podendo evoluir para o óbito do paciente. Os objetivos do tratamento são: prevenção de infecção, isolamento do conteúdo intracraniano, correção da drenagem de líquido cefalorraquidiano, restauração da função e da estética, podendo ser realizado por equipe multidisciplinar. Relato de caso: o presente trabalho expõe um caso de fratura fronto-naso-órbito-etmoidal com afundamento de seio frontal, confirmada por exame tomográfico de face, em um paciente masculino de 26 anos, vítima de acidente automobilístico, submetido a redução da parede anterior do seio frontal, imobilização e fixação interna rígida, com posterior redução fechada da fratura dos ossos nasais, tamponamento nasal anterior e contenção externa com micropore e gesso. Considerações finais: demonstrou-se com esse artigo a possibilidade de divergência de tomada de conduta das diferentes áreas envolvidas no tratamento e a importância do tratamento multidisciplinar. (AU)

Objective: to report a clinical case of frontal sinus fracture, clinical and surgical management, complications and benefits of the treatments adopted. Frontal sinus lesions, for the most part, are related to large-scale traumas such as accidents with motor vehicles, physical assault, gunshot wounds and accidents in construction workers, affecting more the male population between 21 and 30 years of age, and may affect the anterior and / or inferior wall of the frontal sinus including naso-orbito- ethmoidal and zygomatic fractures. Its involvement may cause complications related to the intracranial cavity, orbit and / or nasal structures such as recurrent sinusitis, osteomyelitis of the frontal bone, mucocele or mucopiocele, meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral abscess or thrombosis of the cavernous sinus, and may evolve to the death of these patients . The objectives of treatment are prevention of infection, isolation of intracranial content, correction of cerebrospinal fluid drainage, restoration of function and aesthetics, and can be performed by a multidisciplinary team. Case report: this paper reports a case of frontal-naso-orbito-orbito-ethmoidal fracture with frontal sinus sinking, confirmed by face tomography, in a 26-year-old male patient who had suffered an auto accident, submitted to a reduction of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus, immobilization and rigid internal fixation with posterior closed reduction of nasal bones fracture, anterior nasal packing and external restraint with micropore and gypsum. Final considerations: to demonstrate the possibility of divergence of the conduct of the different areas involved in the treatment and the importance of the multidisciplinary treatment. (AU)