Rendimiento del Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) en etapificación de cáncer pulmonar / Positron emission tomography/computed tomography for lung cancer staging

Background: PET/CT (Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography) is widely used in nodal and metastatic staging of lung cancer patients. Aim: To analyze PET/CT detection of metastatic disease in patients with lung cancer. Material and Methods: We reviewed retrospectively F18Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT scans performed between December 2008 and December 2013. We selected 143 patients aged 30 to 92 years (63% males) with confirmed lung cancer referred for staging, with no previous treatment. We reviewed whole body PET/CT and brain magnetic resonance images. SUVmax (Standardized Uptake Value maximum) of primary pulmonary lesion, hilar/mediastinal nodes, and distant metastases were calculated. Results: Histological types encountered were adenocarcinoma in 55%, squamous-cell in 15%, small-cell in 8%, large-cell in 6% and adeno-squamous in 2%. In 22 cases (15%) histology was not available. Nodal involvement was observed in 60% of patients (44% hilar and 48% mediastinal). Skip metastases (mediastinal involvement without hilum involvement) were encountered in 17% of cases, and were significantly more common among high uptake lung tumors (p < 0.01). Best SUVmax cut-off for node involvement was 4.4 for hilum and 4.0 for mediastinum (sensibility: 86.4%, specificity: 99.8%). Sixty six patients (46.2%) showed distant metastases on PET/CT. The most common metastases were osseous in 22%, adrenal in 16%, hepatic in14%, pulmonary in 14% and cerebral in 12%. PET/CT detected a second unexpected synchronic cancer in eight patients (6%). Conclusions: PET/CT is accurate for nodal staging using an uptake index as SUVmax. Distant metastases are common, especially in bone, adrenal glands and liver.

Resultados fetais e infantis da gravidez na adolescência e sua recorrência: um estudo no município do Rio de Janeiro / Fetal and infant outcomes of teenage pregnancy and its recurrence: a study in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Esta tese é produto do “Estudo da Morbi-mortalidade e da Atenção Peri e Neonatal no Município do Rio de Janeiro”. O estudo teve o propósito de investigar os resultados fetais e infantis da gravidez na adolescência e da sua recorrência no município. A tese foi apresentada sob a forma de artigos. No primeiro deles, o objetivo foi identificar o efeito da gravidez na adolescência e de outros determinantes da mortalidade fetal e infantil no Município do Rio de Janeiro, usando o modelo de análise hierarquizada. Uma amostra com 9.041 nascimentos e 228 óbitos foi selecionada. A gravidez na adolescência se destacou como variável com efeito direto para o óbito no período pós-neonatal. O baixo peso ao nascer e a prematuridade foram corroborados como determinantes do óbito fetal e neonatal. A agressão física surgiu como importante determinante do óbito neonatal. Os resultados mostraram o efeito protetor do pré-natal adequado para o óbito fetal e neonatal. Os achados do segundo artigo apontaram a magnitude da recorrência da gravidez adolescência no município e verificou a associação entre as gestações sucessivas, o perfil das adolescentes e os efeitos adversos na saúde do recém-nascido. A análise estatística testou a hipótese de homogeneidade de proporções mediante análise bi e multivariada. Observou-se que, entre as 1.986 adolescentes, 31,4 por cento já haviam experimentado a maternidade anteriormente. Características socioeconômicas e viver com o companheiro se associaram com a recorrência da gravidez na adolescência...

This thesis is product of the “Study of Perinatal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality and Childbirth Care in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro”. The study aimed at the investigation the fetal and infantile results of the pregnancy in the adolescence and the repeated pregnancy among adolescence in the city. The thesis was presented in three scientific papers. In the first of them, the objective was to identify the effect of teenage pregnancy and of others determinants of fetal and infant mortality in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The study was conducted on a sample of births in Rio de Janeiro and exposure variables were organized in hierarchical levels. A sample of 9.041 births and 228 deaths were selected. Teenage pregnancy itself was a direct effect for post-neonatal death. Low birth weight and prematurity were corroborated as determinants of fetal and neonatal death. Self-report of physical abuse were significantly more with having a neonatal death. The results showed the protective effect of adequate prenatal care for fetal and neonatal death. The second article tries to investigate the magnitude of the repeated pregnancy among adolescence, and to verify the association among the successive gestations, the profile of adolescents and the effects in the health of the newborns. The statistical analysis aimed to test the hypothesis of homogeneity of proportions, including bi and multivariate analysis. Among 1986 adolescents, 31.4% reported a repeated pregnancy. Results indicated the association of sociodemographic characteristics and stable partner to repeat pregnancy among adolescent...