Identification of co-infection by rotavirus and parvovirus in dogs with gastroenteritis in Mexico

ABSTRACT This is the first report on circulating canine rotavirus in Mexico. Fifty samples from dogs with gastroenteritis were analyzed used polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in order to identify parvovirus and rotavirus, respectively; 7% of dogs were infected with rotavirus exclusively, while 14% were co-infected with both rotavirus and parvovirus; clinical signs in co-infected dogs were more severe.

Group A rotavirus gastroenteritis: post-vaccine era, genotypes and zoonotic transmission / Gastroenterite por rotavírus do grupo A: era pós-vacinal, genótipos e transmissão zoonótica

ABSTRACT This article provides a review of immunity, diagnosis, and clinical aspects of rotavirus disease. It also informs about the changes in epidemiology of diarrheal disease and genetic diversity of circulating group A rotavirus strains following the introduction of vaccines. Group A rotavirus is the major pathogen causing gastroenteritis in animals. Its segmented RNA genome can lead to the emergence of new or unusual strains in human populations via interspecies transmission and/or reassortment events.

RESUMO Este artigo fornece uma revisão sobre imunidade, diagnóstico e aspectos clínicos da doença causada por rotavírus. Também aponta as principais mudanças no perfil epidemiológico da doença diarreica e na diversidade genética das cepas circulantes de rotavírus do grupo A, após a introdução vacinal. O rotavírus do grupo A é o principal patógeno associado à gastroenterite em animais. Seu genoma RNA segmentado pode levar ao surgimento de cepas novas ou incomuns na população humana, por meio de transmissão entre espécies e eventos de rearranjo.

Rotavírus a genótipos G5 e G1 associados ao genótipo P[8] circulando no Brasil de 1986 a 2013: variabilidade genética pré e pós-vacinação / Rotavirus a genotypes g5 and g1 associated to genotype p[8] circulating in brazil from 1986 to 2013: genetic variability before and after vaccination

Os rotavírus da espécie A (RVA) são os principais agentes etiológicos causadores de gastroenterite aguda (GA) em crianças menor ou igual a 5 anos e, anualmente, são responsáveis por aproximadamente 196.000 casos de óbito infantil em todo o mundo. Diferentes mecanismos genéticos (mutações pontuais, rearranjos genéticos, reestruturação de segmentos genômicos (reassortment) e recombinação genética) estão envolvidos na geração de variabilidade genética destes vírus. As combinações genotípicas mais encontradas mundialmente são: G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8] e G9P[8], entretanto, os países em desenvolvimento apresentam uma maior variabilidade genotípica entre as cepas circulantes. No intuito de se compreender a diversidade dos RVA, em 2011 foi proposto um novo sistema de classificação para os RVA baseado no sequenciamento nucleotídico dos onze segmentos gênicos destes vírus. No presente estudo foram realizadas análises filogenéticas dos onze genes de 28 cepas brasileiras de RVA de genótipo G5P[8] coletadas entre 1986 e 2005, 90 cepas de RVA de genótipo G1P[8] em diferentes regiões brasileiras entre 1986 e 2013, além do perfil de flutuação do genótipo P[8] no Brasil durante as últimas 3 décadas. Os resultados demonstraram que as cepas brasileiras de genótipo G5P[8] e G1P[8] possuem uma constelação gênica do genótipo Wa-like (I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1), com exceção de duas cepas G1P[8], que apresentaram o genótipo T3 (genótipo AU-1-like), comumente detectado em felinos. Foi proposta a classificação do genótipo G5 em 3 linhagens diferentes (I, II e III), de modo que a linhagem I circulou no Brasil entre 1986 e 2005 e a linhagem que está circulando atualmente entre países dos continentes Africano e Asiático pertencem à linhagem III...

Specie A rotaviruses (RVA) are the main etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis (AG) in children less than or equal to 5 years old and, annually, are responsible for about death of 196.000 childrenworldwide. Different genetic mechanisms (pontual mutation, genetic rearrangement,reassortment and genetic combination) are involved in the generation of variability of thisviruses. The most detected combinations worldwide are: G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8]and G9P[8], however developing countries have strains with a greater genotypic variability.In order to unsderstand the RVA diversity, in 2011, was proposed a new classification systemfor RVA based on the nucleotide sequencing of the 11 gene segments. In the present studywere conducted Phylogenetic analyses of the 11 gene segments from 28 brazilian RVA strainsgenotype G5P[8] collected between 1986 and 2005, 90 RVA strains genotype G1P[8]collected between 1986 and 2013 in different regions of the country, besides the analysis ofthe fluctuation profile from genotype P[8] during the last 3 decades in Brazil. The resultsshowed that brazilian RVA strains genotypes G5P[8] and G1P[8] have a genecticconstellation characteristic of the genotype Wa-like (I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1), exceptfor 2 G1P[8] strains, which showed genotype T3 (AU-1-Like), generally detected in felines.Was proposed the classification of genotype G5 in 3 different lineages (I, II and III), lineage Icirculated in Brazil between 1986 and 2005, while the lineage actually circulating in Africanand Asiatic continents is lineage III...

The shift from low to high non-structural protein 1 expression in rotavirus-infected MA-104 cells

A hallmark of group/species A rotavirus (RVA) replication in MA-104 cells is the logarithmic increase in viral mRNAs that occurs four-12 h post-infection. Viral protein synthesis typically lags closely behind mRNA synthesis but continues after mRNA levels plateau. However, RVA non-structural protein 1 (NSP1) is present at very low levels throughout viral replication despite showing robust protein synthesis. NSP1 has the contrasting properties of being susceptible to proteasomal degradation, but being stabilised against proteasomal degradation by viral proteins and/or viral mRNAs. We aimed to determine the kinetics of the accumulation and intracellular distribution of NSP1 in MA-104 cells infected with rhesus rotavirus (RRV). NSP1 preferentially localises to the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm of infected cells, forming abundant granules that are heterogeneous in size. Late in infection, large NSP1 granules predominate, coincident with a shift from low to high NSP1 expression levels. Our results indicate that rotavirus NSP1 is a late viral protein in MA-104 cells infected with RRV, presumably as a result of altered protein turnover.

Jornada Regional de Residencia Medica

ul presente trabajo esta destinado a conocer la incidencia de Rotavirus como causa de diarrea aguda en pacientes pediatricos, ya que junto a las enfermedades de vias areas superiores son causas mas frecuente de internacionacion en este y otros centros Hospitalarios. Se hace notar que este estudio es solo el inicio, ya que los resultados obtenidos muestra que debera proseguir el mismo durante las diferentees epocas del año como lo mencionan los trabajos y la literatura revisada. Asi mismo se investigaron y analizaron las caracteristica clinicos-laboratoriales de las muestras obtenidas de los pacientes internados, para poder caracterizar un patron mas o menos similar en todos estos que se muestran a continuacion. Actualmente la diarrea viral es considera la mas frecuente de todas, varios virus estan implicados como causa de diarrea aguda, por ejemplo el agente Norwalk, Rotavirus, etc. El mecanismo de accion no esta totalmente determinado, pero se sabe por biopsia yeyunal que existen anormalidades histolgicas luego de 24 a 48 horas de inicio del cuadro y que luego de 2 semanas desaparecen dichas anormalidades. La gravedad recae en la destrucccion del epitelio que se ocupa de la digestion y absorcion de nutrientes llevando a una insuficiencia digestiva severa con posibilidad de alergia debido al pasaje de macromoleculas hacia la circulacion

The in vitro antiviral activity of isoprinosine on simian rotavirus (SA-11)

The antiviral effect of isoprinosine on simian rotavirus (SA-11) replication was studied using MA-104 cell cultures from Rhesus monkey fetal kidney. Isoprinosine (N,N-dimethylamino-2-propanol-p-acetamidobenzoate in association with inosine) added after viral infection (therapeutic test) inhibited viral replication by more than 90%. In these experiments, the drug was added to the medium and replaced daily at concentrations varying from 62.5 microng/ml to l mg/ml. Viral inhibition activity was dependent on drug concentration. No antiviral effect was observed when isoprinosine was tested without replacement (200-500 microng/ml). When isoprinosine (l mg/ml) was added to cell cultures only before viral infection (prophylactic test), inhibition of viral replication occurred but was less than 90%. Inhibition by less than 90% is not considered to be significant in this type of test. Isoprinosine inhibited synthesis of both viral antigen (protein) and viral double-stranded nucleic acid, as monitored by immunofluorescence and acridine orange staining, respectively. Inhibiton of synthesis of viral macromolecules increased with drug concentration