Neutropenia congénita de tipo IV: reporte de un caso / Congenital neutropenia type IV: case report

La neutropenia congénita grave (NCG) es una entidad heterogénea cuya característica común es un recuento absoluto de neutrófilos inferior a 0,5 x 10 9/l. Presenta gran heterogeneidad genética, las mutaciones más frecuentes son las del gen de la elastasa 2 (ELA 2). El tratamiento de primera elección es la administración de factor estimulador de colonias de granulocitos. Los pacientes con NCG presentan infecciones graves en etapas tempranas de la vida. Se presenta una paciente con NCG asociada a fenotipo peculiar con facies triangular, retromicrognatia, patrón venoso prominente en miembros inferiores, comunicación interauricular y mal progreso ponderal, en quien se diagnosticó déficit de la enzima glucosa 6 fosfato deshidrogenasa, subunidad catalítica 3 (G6PC3). A pesar de lo infrecuente de esta mutación como causa de NCG (2 %), su conocimiento cobra importancia porque la coexistencia del fenotipo característico con una NCG orienta en la solicitud del estudio genético que permite arribar al diagnóstico.

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a heterogeneous disease whose more common feature is an absolute neutrophil count less than 0.5 x 10 9/l. It presents great genetic heterogeneity. Autosomal dominant inherited mutations of the elastase 2 gene (ELA2) represent the most common etiology. The first choice treatment is the administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Patients with SCN develop severe infections early in life. We present a patient who associated SCN to a peculiar phenotype, characterized by triangular facies, retromicrognathia, prominent venous pattern in the lower limbs, atrial septal defect and poor weight progress, in whom a deficiency of the enzyme glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, a catalytic subunit 3 (G6PC3), was diagnosed. Despite the infrequency of this mutation as the origin of SCN (2%), its knowledge becomes important because the coexistence of the characteristic phenotype and SCN guides the request for the genetic study that allows reaching the diagnosis.

Tandem mass spectrometry and genetic variant analysis of four neonates with very long chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical features and genetic variants in four neonates with very long chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency.@*METHODS@#Neonates with a tetradecenoylcarnitine (C14:1) concentration at above 0.4 μmol/L in newborn screening were recalled for re-testing. Four neonates were diagnosed with VLCAD deficiency by MS-MS and genetic testing, and their clinical features and genotypes were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#All cases had elevated blood C14:1, and the values of first recalls were all lower than the initial test. In 2 cases, the C14:1 had dropped to the normal range. 1 case has remained at above 1 μmol/L after the reduction, and the remainder one case was slightly decreased. In total eight variants of the ADACVL genes were detected among the four neonates, which included 5 missense variants and 3 novel variants (p.Met344Val, p.Ala416Val, c.1077+6T>A). No neonate showed salient clinical manifestations.@*CONCLUSION@#Above findings have enriched the spectrum of ADACVL gene mutations and provided a valuable reference for the screening and diagnosis of VLCAD deficiency.

Síndrome de Pearson en un niño trasplantado debido a anemia de Diamond-Blackfan / Pearson syndrome in a child transplanted for Diamond-Blackfan anemia

El síndrome de Pearson (SP) comparte varias características con la anemia de Diamond-Blackfan (ADB), incluida la anemia grave de inicio temprano, por lo que es importante hacer un diagnóstico diferencial. El diagnóstico diferencial de la ADB y el SP es fundamental, ya que los pacientes con ADB podrían res-ponder al tratamiento con corticoesteroides, presentar remisión o beneficiarse del trasplante de células madre hematopoyéti-cas (TCMH). Sin embargo, los pacientes con SP tienen un pronós-tico diferente, con un riesgo muy elevado de acidosis, problemas metabólicos y disfunción pancreática, y una expectativa de vida menor en comparación con aquellos con ADB. En este artículo, presentamos el caso de un paciente sometido a TCMH para la ADB, pero que luego fue diagnosticado con SP tras desarrollar algunas complicaciones.

Pearson syndrome (PS), shares a number of overlapping features with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), including early onset of severe anemia, making differential diagnosis important. Differential diagnosis of DBA and PS is critical, since those with DBA may respond to treatment with steroids, may undergo remission, or may benefit from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, patients with PS have a different prognosis, with a very high risk of developing acidosis, metabolic problems, and pancreatic dysfunction, and a shorter life expectancy than those with DBA. Here we present a patient who underwent HSCT for DBA but was subsequently diagnosed with PS after developing some complications

Mutations of the ELANE gene cause severe congenital neutropenia with periodontal disease: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

Severe congenital neutropenia is a rare disorder characterized by a consistently low absolute neutrophil count and periodontal disease. This report describes the case of an ELANE mutationin a patient with gingival bleeding and tooth mobility. Oral examination showed active periodontal infection of the primary dentition accompanied by alveolar bone loss in the posterior region. The patient was diagnosed with severe congenital neutropenia 1 year after multidisciplinary consultation. Treatment of the systemic disease and effective oral health education over a 3-year follow-up period relieved the periodontal infection and created favorable conditions for future repair.

Clinical and genetic analysis of four patients with congenital neutropenia / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To delineate the clinical feature and genetic basis of four patients with congenital neutropenia.@*METHODS@#All patients were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Suspected variants were verified by Sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The patients (two boys and two girls), aged 7 to 15 months, suffered from neutropenia and recurrent infections. Bone marrow smears showed a significant decrease in the proportion of rod-shaped and lobulated granulocytes, which suggested impaired development and maturation of bone marrow neutrophils. WES has discovered heterozygous variants (c.496G>A, c.58C>G, c.391G>A and IVS1+5T>A) of the ELANE gene in the patients. Among these, c.58C>G and IVS1+5T>A were unreported previously. Follow up revealed patients 1 and 3 had periodic neutropenia, while patients 2 and 4 had severe congenital neutropenia. After attaining the definite diagnosis, the patients were treated symptomatically.@*CONCLUSION@#The main clinical feature of congenital neutropenia is refractory recurrent bacterial infections, for which mutations of the ELANE gene are a common cause. Two novel pathogenic ELANE variants have been discovered in this study.