Maternal weight variation in different intrauterine environments: an important role of hypertension / Variação de peso materno em diferentes ambientes intrauterinos: um papel importante da hipertensão

Abstract Objective Different intrauterine environments may influence the maternal prepregnancy body weight (BW) variation up to 6 months postpartum. The objective of the present study was to verify the association of sociodemographic, obstetric, nutritional, and behavioral factors with weight variation in women divided into four groups: hypertensive (HM), diabetic (DM), smokers (SM), and control mothers (CM). Methods It was a convenience sample of 124 postpartum women recruited from 3 public hospitals in the city of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between 2011 and 2016.Multiple linear regressions and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were conducted to identify the factors associated with maternal weight variation. For all GEE, the maternal weight measurements were adjusted for maternal height, parity, educational level, and the type of delivery, and 3 weight measurements (prepregnancy, preceding delivery, and 15 days postpartum) were fixed. Results A hierarchical model closely associated the maternal diagnosis of hypertension and a prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) classified as overweight with maternal weight gain measured up to the 6th month postpartum (the difference between the maternal weight at 6months postpartum and the prepregnancy weight). These results showed that the BW of the HM group and of overweight women increased ~ 5.2 kg 6 months postpartum, compared with the other groups. Additionally, women classified as overweight had a greater BW variation of 3.150 kg. Conclusion This evidence supports the need for specific nutritional guidelines for gestational hypertensive disorders, as well as great public attention for overweight women in the fertile age.

Resumo Objetivo Diferentes ambientes intrauterinos podem influenciar a variação de peso corporal pré-gestacional materno até 6 meses pós-parto. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a associação de fatores sociodemográficos, obstétricos, nutricionais e comportamentais com a variação de peso em mulheres divididas em quatro grupos: hipertensas (HM), diabéticas (DM), tabagistas (SM) e controles (CM). Métodos Amostra de conveniência de 124 puérperas recrutadas em 3 hospitais públicos da cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, entre 2011 e 2016. Regressões lineares múltiplas e modelos de equações de estimativas generalizadas (GEE) foram realizados para identificar os fatores associados à variação do peso materno. Para todas as GEE, as medidas de peso materno foram ajustadas para a estatura materna, paridade, escolaridade e tipo de parto, e três medidas de peso (prégravidez, anterior ao parto e 15 dias pós-parto) foram fixadas. Resultados Um modelo hierárquico associou o diagnóstico materno de hipertensão e o índice de massa corporal (IMC) pré-gestacional de sobrepeso com ganho de peso materno medido até o 6° mês pós-parto (diferença entre o peso materno aos 6 meses pós-parto e o peso pré-gestacional). Estes resultados mostraram que o grupo HM e mulheres comsobrepeso aumentaram o peso corporal em ~ 5,2 kg 6 meses pós-parto, em comparação com os demais grupos. Além disso, as mulheres classificadas com sobrepeso tiveram uma variação maior de peso corporal, de 3,150 kg. Conclusão Evidenciou-se a necessidade de diretrizes nutricionais específicas para distúrbios hipertensivos gestacionais, bem como de maior atenção dos serviços de saúde públicos para mulheres com excesso de peso em idade fértil.

Pregnancy of unknown location: the value of frozen section analysis and its relation to Beta-hCG levels and endometrial thickness

Abstract Objective Frozen section examination is a rapid method for identifying products of conception in endometrial curetting, yet its accuracy is inconclusive. The purposes of this study is to determine the accuracy of frozen section analysis of endometrial curetting in pregnancies of unknown location, and to verify the relation of β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) level and endometrial thickness to the assessed accuracy. Methods We reviewed data from January 2009 to December 2014 of diagnostic curettages from women with suspected ectopic pregnancies sent for frozen section examination at a medical center. A frozen section diagnosis was considered accurate if it concurred with the final pathologic diagnosis. Results Of 106 frozen section studies, the diagnosis was accurate in 94 (88.7%). Of 79 specimens interpreted as negative on frozen sections (no products of conception noted), 9 (11.4%) were positive on final pathologic review. Three of the 27 (11.1%) specimens interpreted as positive by a frozen section failed to demonstrate products of conception on a final pathologic section. The sensitivity of frozen sections in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was 72.7%, specificity 95.9%, positive predictive value 88.9%, negative predictive value 88.6%, and accuracy 88.6%. A statically significant correlation was found between β-hCG level and high accuracy of the frozen section technique (p< 0.001). No correlation was found between endometrial thickness and the accuracy of the frozen section technique. Conclusion The accuracy of frozen section examination was high and was found to correlate with β-hCG level, but not with endometrial thickness.

Acurácia da biópsia de congelação no câncer de pele não-melanoma / Accuracy of frozen section biopsy in non-melanoma skin cancer

Os carcinomas basocelular e espinocelular juntos respondem por mais da metade dos casos novos de câncer. A biópsia de congelação é frequentemente usada em áreas como cabeça e pescoço, nas quais uma margem ampla poderia ocasionar cicatrizes desfigurantes ou dificuldades de reconstrução, porém o resultado da biópsia de congelação nem sempre corresponde ao da parafina. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a correlação do resultado da biópsia de congelação intraoperatória e o resultado final do exame anatomopatológico da peça cirúrgica (exame de parafina), pela sua importância na ressecção curativa e na reconstrução do local acometido. Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico, tendo como base artigos científicos publicados a respeito da acurácia da biópsia de congelação nos últimos 10 anos. A biópsia de congelação é um método eficiente e confiável, que deve ser aplicado em áreas em que a ressecção deve ser a mais econômica possível. Em áreas com tumor pequeno e sobra de pele a biópsia de congelação é pobre, dispensável e não altera resultados. A biópsia de congelação se mostrou um método eficiente, de custo acessível e de boa reprodutibilidade quando realizada por profissionais experientes e em casos bem indicados.

Together, basal cell and squamous carcinomas account for more than 50% of all new cases of cancer. Frozen section biopsy is often used in areas such as the head and neck, in which a wide margin could cause disfiguring scars or difficulties with reconstruction, but the results of frozen biopsy do not always correspond to the results of paraffin sections. This paper aims to review existing literature on the correlation between the results of intraoperative frozen biopsy and final pathological examination of surgical specimens (examination of paraffin sections), because of the importance of frozen biopsy in curative resection and reconstruction of affected sites. A literature review was conducted, based on scientific articles published over the previous 10 years about the accuracy of intraoperative frozen sections. Frozen section biopsy is an efficient and reliable method that should be applied in areas where resection should be as economical as possible. However, in cases with small tumors and excess skin, the results of frozen biopsy are poor, dispensable, and not meaningful. Frozen biopsy is an efficient, affordable, and reproducible method when performed by experienced staff in well-selected cases.

Validez diagnóstica de la biopsia intraoperatoria en cirugía de lesiones mamarias palpables / Diagnostic value of frozen section biopsy during surgery for breast lesions or neoplasms

Background: During the surgical treatment of breast neoplasms (benign or malignant), frozen section biopsy is frequently requested to assess the kind of lesion and determine the surgical margins. Aim: To assess the diagnostic yield of frozen section breast biopsy. Material and methods: AH the pathological reports of frozen section biopsies and definitive biopsies of 337 women aged 26 to 88 years, operated for suspected breast neoplasms between 2002 and 2006, were reviewed. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of frozen section biopsy, were calculated using the definitive biopsy as the gold standard. Results: The definitive biopsy confirmed the presence of cancer in 290 women (86 percent). There were two false negative (0.59 percent) and no false positive frozen section biopsies for cancer detection. The sensibility for cancer detection was 99.3 percent and the specificity 100 percent. The positive predictive value was 100 percent and the negative predictive value 96.1 percent. The diagnosis of phyllodes tumor was missed by frozen section biopsy in three cases. The margins were informed in the 258 frozen section biopsies (79 percent) and in 59 cases (18 percent), these were positive for cancer. Conclusions: Frozen section biopsy is useful and reliable for cancer detection and margin status assessment in breast cancer surgery (RevMéd Chile 2009; 137: 1173-8).