Autoria, subjetividade e poder: devolução de dados em um centro de saúde na Guariroba (Ceilândia/DF) / Authority, subjectivity and power: data devolution at a primary care unit in Guariroba (Ceilândia/Federal District/Brazil)

ResumoA devolução, restituição ou compartilhamento pode significar, dentre outras possibilidades, entregar produtos aos partícipes de um empreendimento de pesquisa/extensão. A entrega de resultados não é uma prática nova na antropologia, embora ainda seja pouco usual, sistematizada e valorizada. Neste artigo, relato e discuto uma experiência de devolução de materiais de um projeto de extensão da antropologia, que foi desenvolvido dentro de um centro de saúde, na região periférica do Distrito Federal. As reações aos materiais foram muito diferentes do esperado pela equipe do projeto, mas ainda assim permitiu fazer avançar o diálogo entre os envolvidos e, mais do que isso, permitiu que o conhecimento sobre as relações de trabalho dentro dessa instituição de saúde fosse aprofundado. Não é somente porque foi logrado o aval de comitês de ética que as negociações sobre a entrada e permanência em projetos acadêmicos estão garantidas continuamente. As relações de subjetividade, poder e autoria permeiam qualquer iniciativa antropológica, antes de começá-la e muito depois de, supostamente, terminá-la.

AbstractDevolution, restitution or sharing can mean, within other possibilities, to offer products to participants of a research or an extension project. Far from a new practice in Anthropology, returning results is still unusual, little organized and valued. This paper presents and discusses a devolution experience by an extension project in Anthropology that was developed in a primary care unit in the outskirts of Distrito Federal (Brazil). Local reactions were very different from what was expected by the project's staff, but still permitted dialogue with the health professionals and, more important, deepened our knowledge about work relations in this health institution. Even though IRB approval has been granted, negotiations about starting and continuing academic projects have to be negotiated continuously. Subjectivity, power and authority permeate any anthropological initiative from its beginning and much after it supposedly has been concluded.

Significados de las prácticas de cuidado que las madres con experiencia de VIH positivo brindan a sus hijos recién nacidos / Meanings of the care practices that mothers with HIV positive experience provide to their newborn children

Tipo de estudio: estudio de tipo etnográfico y enfoque cualitativo, aplicando el método del enfoque transcultural de Madeleine Leininger. Objetivo: Describir el significado que tienen las prácticas de cuidado ofrecido a su recién nacido para la madre con experiencia de VIH positivo dentro del contexto cultural de una ciudad de la Costa Caribe. Metodología: se utilizaron los parámetros éticos para la investigación con seres humanos, las opiniones de las diez madres entrevistadas fueron grabadas y transcritas para su posterior sistematización. Resultados: se identificaron 177 unidades de significado, 26 descriptores emicos, los cuales se consolidaron en siete patrones y tres temas a saber: el cuidado del recién nacido mantiene fuerte y retroalimenta los vínculos materno-filiales, la experiencia de seropositividad para VIH afecta los actos de cuidado al promover sobreprotección para proteger al recién nacido y el conocimiento formal recibido y el conocimiento etno-cultural se relacionan en el cuidado de los recién nacidos. En el contexto de las madres entrevistadas, se interpreta el "cuidado" en el sentido de actividades de prevención y también se le interpreta en el sentido de protección entendida como alejarlo de cualquier situación que le implique riesgo para la salud; tienen temor a la censura y estigmatización social, que acompaña a las personas que conviven con la enfermedad; situaciones de miedo al rechazo se hicieron evidentes para sí mismas y las extienden al acto de cuidado con clara orientación sobreprotectora, la supresión de la lactancia materna así como la asistencia a los controles no fueron reconocidas como una forma eficiente de cuidados en la situación de convivencia con el virus; para las madres entrevistadas el cuidado que ofrecen a sus recién nacidos es un acto de amor, en el cual disponen de los espacios y momentos para expresar a sus hijos su amor, estrechar su relación con ellos y simultáneamente cuidarlos las hace sentir vivas. Existe un componente etnocultural propio de la región que se transmite por tradición oral, al respecto se pudo reconocer que las creencias populares, influyen en la práctica de cuidados que las madres bajo la situación del VIH brindan a sus hijos recién nacidos.

Type of study: ethnographic study and qualitative approach, applying the method of the Madeleine Leininger transcultural approach. Objective: describe their meaning care practices offered to her newborn to the mother with HIV positive experience within the cultural context of a city on the Caribbean coast. Methodology: used ethical standards for research involving human subjects, the views of the ten mothers interviewed were recorded and transcribed for later systematization. Results: We identified 177 units of meaning, 26 descriptors emic, which were consolidated into seven patterns and three issues namely: newborn care and feedback remains strong mother-child ties, seropositivity experience acts of care affects to promote overprotection to protect the newborn and received formal knowledge and ethno-cultural knowledge related to the care of newborn. In the context of the mothers interviewed have means the "care" in the sense of prevention activities and is also interpreted to mean protection understood as away from any situation that involves a risk to health, have fear of censorship and social stigma that accompanies people living with the disease of fear of rejection situations were evident for themselves and care extend to act with clear guidance overprotective, suppression of breastfeeding as well as assistance to controls were not recognized as an efficient way to care for the situation of living with the virus, the mothers interviewed for the care they provide to their newborn is an act of love, which have the space and time to express their children their love, strengthen your relationship with them and look after them simultaneously makes them feel alive. There is an ethnocultural component of the region itself is transmitted by oral tradition, the matter could recognize that popular beliefs influence the practice of care that mothers in providing HIV status to their newborn children.

Comparative evaluation of HIV infected foreign students and Indian with AIDS in Chandigarh, India.

Out of a total of 1,600 foreign students who came to India between June 1989 and October 1990, 22 were seropositive for HIV-1. Ten showed antibodies to all the gene products. Antibodies to gp160 and p24 were present in all the seropositives while antibodies to p53, p15/17 were significantly higher in healthy seropositives than in patients with full blown AIDS. Absence of antibodies to p15/17 and p53 thus appeared to be a more sensitive criterion of end stage disease than absence of anti- p24 antibodies. When seropositive samples from African students were checked for HIV-2 antibodies by ELISA, 13/22 were found to be positive. Further, 2/10 Indians with full blown AIDS were also strongly positive for HIV-2. These data could be of relevance for formulating future strategies for population-based screening for HIV-2.