Can a Nasal/Oral/Ocular Spray Inactivate and Prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection? A hypothesis / ¿Puede un Spray Nasal/Oral/Ocular Inactivar y Prevenir la Infección por SARS-CoV-2?: Una hipótesis

ABSTRACT: The COVID-19 pandemic has created challenges that have been dealt with adopting measures such as prolonged or intermittent social distancing, which may even be necessary until 2022. Furthermore, it has been described that a SARS-CoV-2 contagion route corresponds to the inhalation of the virus. Medications via nasal/eye spray and inhalers, therefore, could fulfill the function of inactivating SARS-CoV-2. Due to the abovementioned reasons, we suggest the following hypothesis: The use of Ocular/Nasal/Oral sprays could prevent the infection and the further spread of SARS-CoV-2.

RESUMEN: La pandemia de COVID-19 propone desafíos que han sido manejados con medidas como distanciamiento social prologado o intermitente, el cual podría ser necesario hasta 2022. Se ha descrito que la ruta de contagio de SARS-CoV-2 corresponde a la inhalación del virus. La medicación a través de un spray nasal/ocular podría cumplir la función de inactivar SARS-CoV-2. Por las razones antes presentadas, los autores sugerimos la siguiente hipótesis: El uso de un spray ocultar/nasal/oral previene la infección y replicación de SARS-CoV-2.

Effect of Oral Spray on Dental Plaque Bacteria and Oral Epithelial Cells / 치위생과학회지

BACKGROUND: Good oral health is important for systemic body health and quality of life. Spray oral cleansers are increasingly preferred because of their convenience of carrying and the ease of oral hygiene management. In addition, many kinds of oral cleanser products containing various ingredients with antibacterial, washing, and moisturizing effects are being manufactured. However, concerns about the safety and side effects of oral sprays are increasing, and there is very little information regarding the use and care of oral sprays is available to consumers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral spray on oral bacteria and tissue to elucidate the factors that need to be considered when using oral sprays. METHODS: The effects of oral spray on the growth of dental plaque bacteria was assessed using disk diffusion assays. Cytotoxicity and morphological changes in oral epithelial cells were observed by microscopy. The effects of oral spray on dental plaque growth were also confirmed on specimens from permanent incisors of bovines by Coomassie staining. RESULTS: The pH of spray products, such as Perioe Dental Cooling, Cool Sense, and Dentrix, were 3.65, 3.61, and 6.15, respectively. All tested spray products showed strong toxicity to dental plaque bacteria and oral epithelial cells. Compared with those on the control, dental plaque bacteria deposits on the enamel surface increased following the use of oral spray. CONCLUSION: Three types of oral spray, namely Perioe Dental Cooling, Cool Sense, and Dentrix, strongly inhibited the growth of dental plaque bacteria and oral epithelial cells. The oral spray ingredient enhanced dental plaque growth on the enamel surface. Users should be informed of precautions when using oral sprays and the need for oral hygiene after its use.

Avaliação da solução de clorexidina em spray para controle dobiofilme em crianças com deficiência mental / Evaluation of chlorhexidine spray for dental plaque control inchildren with mental disabilities

Introdução: As crianças com deficiência mental apresentam pobres níveis de higiene bucal, com presença constante de gengivite e grande acúmulo de biofilme dental, em razão da limitação mecânica e falta de habilidade psicomotora. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar em um estudo paralelo, duplo-cego, a eficiência clínica da clorexidina a 0,12% aplicada como spray no controle do biofilme dental em crianças com deficiência mental. Materiais e métodos: A amostra foi composta por 30 pacientes com deficiência mental e idades entre 7 e 14 anos, distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo experimental, no qual foi aplicado o spray de digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%, e o grupo controle, o qual utilizou o spray placebo. Os dois grupos receberam duas aplicações diárias associadas à escovação dental com dentifrício placebo. A avaliação da higiene bucal dos pacientes foi realizada pelo índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (IHOS) de Greene & Vermillion. E para quantificar e avaliar a gengiva, foi empregado o índice gengival (IG) de Lõe & Silness em diferentes períodos (inicial, 7 dias, 30 dias e 60 dias). Resultados: Em relação ao índice de IHOS, foi observado que apenas o grupo experimental apresentou alteração significativa ao longo das avaliações (p < 0,001). Em relação ao IG, observou-se que ambos os grupos apresentaram alterações significativas ao longo das avaliações. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a solução de clorexidina a 0,12% aplicada em spray reduziu significativamente os índices de placa, índice gengival e o número de sítios com sangramento gengival à sondagem.

Introduction: Children with mental disabilities have low levels of oral hygiene, with constant gingivitis presence and large accumulations of dental plaque, because of mechanical limitation and lack of psychomotor skill. Therefore, this research main objective was to evaluate in a parallel study, double-lind, clinical efficiency of chlorhexidine spray 0.12% applied on the plaque of children with mental disabilities. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 30 patients with mental disabilities and age between 7 and 14 years old, divided into two groups: experimental group, which received the spray of chlorhexidine digluconate 0.12%, and control group, which used a placebo spray. Both groups received two daily applications of spray associated with placebo dentifrice toothbrushing. The assessment of the patient´s oral hygiene was performed by index of Oral Simplified (OHIS) of Greene & Vermillion and to quantify and evaluate the gum was employed gingival index (GI) of Lõe & Silness in different periods (early, 7 days, 30 days and 60 days). Results: For the OHIS index was observed that only the experimental group showed significant change during the evaluations (p < 0.001). Regarding the IG, both groups showed significant changes during the evaluations. Conclusion: It is concluded that the solution of chlorhexidine to 0.12% applied through spray significantly reduced the plaque index, gingival index and the number of sites with gingival bleeding on probing.

Efficacy of antimicrobial sprays for disinfection of children's toothbrushes: a randomized clinical trial

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three spray antimicrobial solutions for the disinfection of childrenÆs toothbrushes. A 4-stage changeover system was used. The solutions studied were: BrushtoxTM (Spray 1), CosmocilTM + basic formula (Spray 2), basic formula (Spray 3), and control û sterile water (Spray 4). Forty children used the solutions in all stages. In each stage, the children received a new toothbrush and performed a single 1-min brushing. Thereafter, the solutions were sprayed six times at different positions on the toothbrush bristles. After four hours, microbiologic culture of the toothbrushes was performed. BrushtoxTM, CosmocilTM + basic formula, and basic formula presented a similar effect on prevention of cariogenic biofilm formation which was better than basic formula alone or sterile water. BrushtoxTM showed the best antimicrobial efficacy.