S100B level and cognitive dysfunction after robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy procedures: a prospective observational study / Nível de S100B e disfunção cognitiva após prostatectomia radical laparoscópica assistida por robô: estudo observacional prospectivo

Abstract Background: The present study investigated the association between Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) and increased serum S100B level after Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (RALRP). Methods: The study included 82 consecutive patients who underwent RALRP. Serum S100B levels were determined preoperatively, after anesthesia induction, and at 30 minutes and 24 hours postoperatively. Cognitive function was assessed using neuropsychological testing preoperatively, and at 7 days and 3 months postoperatively. Results: Twenty four patients (29%) exhibited POCD 7 days after surgery, and 9 (11%) at 3 months after surgery. Serum S100B levels were significantly increased at postoperative 30 minutes and 24 hours in patients displaying POCD at postoperative 7 days (p = 0.0001 for both) and 3 months (p = 0.001 for both) compared to patients without POCD. Duration of anesthesia was also significantly longer in patients with POCD at 7 days and 3 months after surgery compared with patients without POCD (p = 0.012, p = 0.001, respectively), as was duration of Trendelenburg (p = 0.025, p = 0.002, respectively). Composite Z score in tests performed on day 7 were significantly correlated with duration of Trendelenburg and duration of anesthesia (p = 0.0001 for both). Conclusions: S100B increases after RALRP and this increase is associated with POCD development. Duration of Trendelenburg position and anesthesia contribute to the development of POCD. Trial Registry Number: Clinicaltrials.gov (N° NCT03018522).

Resumo Introdução: O presente estudo investigou a associação entre Disfunção Cognitiva Pós-Operatória (DCPO) e aumento do nível sérico de S100B após Prostatectomia Radical Laparoscópica Assistida por Robô (PRLAR). Métodos: O estudo incluiu 82 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à PRLAR. Os níveis séricos de S100B foram determinados: no pré-operatório, após indução anestésica, e aos 30 minutos e 24 horas do pós-operatório. A função cognitiva foi avaliada com testes neuropsicológicos no pré-operatório, no 7° dia pós-operatório (7 DPO) e aos 3 meses após a cirurgia (3 MPO). Resultados: Observamos 24 pacientes (29%) com DCPO no 7 DPO e 9 pacientes com DCPO (11%) após 3 meses da cirurgia. Quando comparados com os pacientes sem DCPO, os níveis séricos de S100B estavam significantemente aumentados aos 30 minutos e às 24 horas do pós-operatório nos pacientes que apresentaram DCPO no 7 DPO (p= 0,0001 para os dois momentos) e 3 meses após a cirurgia (p= 0,001 para os dois momentos) A duração anestésica também foi significantemente maior em pacientes com DCPO no 7 DPO e 3 MPO em comparação com pacientes sem DCPO (p= 0,012, p= 0,001, respectivamente), assim como a duração da posição de Trendelenburg (p= 0,025, p= 0,002, respectivamente). O escore Z composto nos testes realizados no 7 DPO foi significantemente correlacionado com a duração da posição de Trendelenburg e a duração da anestesia (p= 0,0001 para ambos). Conclusão: S100B aumenta após PRLAR e o aumento está associado ao desenvolvimento de DCPO. A duração anestésica e o tempo decorrido em posição de Trendelenburg contribuem para o desenvolvimento de DCPO. Número de registro do estudo: Clinicaltrials.gov (n° NCT03018522)

Efecto de la oxitocina en los niveles de malondialdehído, óxido nítrico y proteína s100b en el recién nacido / Effect of oxytocin on the levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and s100b protein in newborns

RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar los efectos de la administración de oxitocina en la conducción del parto en los niveles de malondialdehído (MDA), óxido nítrico (ON) y proteína S100B en el recién nacido. Material y Métodos. Se seleccionó a 80 gestantes a término sin patología obstétrica y fetal, formando dos grupos: Gestantes con parto normal y conducidas con oxitocina. Se extrajo sangre inmediatamente después del parto de la vena de cordón umbilical para medir MDA, ON y de la arteria para la proteína S100B. Se cuantificó la concentración de MDA y ON por métodos espectroscópicos y la proteína S100B por ELISA. Resultados. Se tuvo valores de 3,4 uMol/L y 3,6 uMol/L de MDA y 1,4 uMol/Ly 1,8 uMol/L de ON en el grupo conducido con oxitocina y control respectivamente sin diferencia significativa, los niveles de S100B fueron mayores en el grupo conducido con oxitocina, con una mediana de 1,36 μg/L comparado con el grupo de parto normal 1,11 μg/L (p=0,03). No hubo relación entre la dosis de oxitocina administrada y los niveles de MDA, ON y S100B. Conclusiones. No hay diferencia entre los niveles de MDA y ON entre las gestantes con parto normal y conducidas. Hay diferencia significativa en los niveles de proteína S100B en recién nacidos de parto con oxitocina. No hay relación entre la dosis de oxitocina y los niveles de estrés oxidativo y proteína S100B.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To assess the effects of the administration of oxytocin during labor management on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and S100B protein in newborns. Materials and Methods. We selected 80 term pregnant women without obstetric and fetal pathology, forming two groups: pregnant women with normal delivery and pregnant women conducted with oxytocin. Blood was collected immediately after delivery from the umbilical cord vein to measure MDA, ON and from the artery for protein S100B. The concentration of MDA and ON was quantified by spectroscopic methods and the protein S100B by ELISA. Results. Values of 3.4 uMol/L and 3.6 uMol/L of MDA and 1.4 uMol/L and 1.8 uMol/L of NO were obtained in the oxytocin and control group, respectively, without significant difference; S100B levels were higher in the oxytocin managed group, with a median of 1.36 μg/L compared to the normal delivery group 1.11 μg/L (p=0.03). There was no relationship between the dose of oxytocin administered and the levels of MDA, ON, and S100B. Conclusions. There is no difference between MDA and NO levels between pregnant women undergoing a normal or managed birth. There is a significant difference in S100B protein levels in newborns born via an oxytocin-managed delivery. There is no relationship between oxytocin dose and levels of oxidative stress and S100B protein

Analyzing the neuropsychological characteristics and changes in serum markers of patients with chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency

Summary Objective: To investigate the neuropsychological characteristics and changes in CRP, S100B, MBP, HSP-7, and NSE in serum. Method: Sixty-six (66) patients treated in our hospital as CCCI group were chosen for our study, and 90 patients with depression were selected as the depression group. The patients in both groups were examined with CT perfusion, depression, anxiety and cognition evaluation. Their serum CRP, S100B, MBP, HSP-70 and NSE levels were detected. Neuropsychological and serum markers characteristics were compared. Results: The CBF and CBV in bilateral basal ganglia, frontal lobes, greater oval center, brain stem, and left and right regions of occipital lobes of the patients in CCCI group were significantly lower than in the depression group. The HAMD and HAMA scores of CCCI group patients were significantly lower than in the depression group; CCCI group performed better regarding attention, memory, abstract terms and delayed recall. CCCI also had significantly higher total scores than the depression group. Serum CRP, S100B, MBP, HSP-70 and NSE levels in CCCI group were significantly higher than in the depression group. The differences reach statistical significance (p<0.05). Conclusion: CCCI patients who are accompanied by minor depressive disorder have different degrees of cognitive impairment and experience a significant rise in serum CRP, S100B, MBP, HSP-70 and NSE.

Elevated plasma concentrations of S100 calcium-binding protein B and tumor necrosis factor alpha in children with autism spectrum disorders

Objective: To investigate plasma concentrations of S100B (a calcium-binding protein derived primarily from the glia) and inflammatory cytokines in children with autism and the relationship between S100B and cytokine concentrations. Methods: Plasma levels of S100B, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A were measured in 40 unmedicated children with autism and 35 normally developing healthy children. The severity of autism was assessed using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Results: Concentrations of both S100B and TNF-α were higher in children with autism before and after adjusting for a priori-selected confounders (age, sex, and body mass index). S100B concentrations were higher in children with severe autism compared to children with mild-moderate autism. However, this association remained as a trend after adjusting for confounders. S100B concentrations correlated positively with TNF-α concentrations. Conclusion: Our findings showing an increase in peripheral concentrations of S100B and TNF-α provide limited support to the hypothesis about the roles of altered immune function and S100B in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies of larger numbers of well-characterized individuals with ASD are needed to clarify the potential role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of this disorder.

Study of serum levels and skin expression of S100B protein in psoriasis

Abstract Background: S100B protein was reported to be elevated in psoriatic patients' serum, with no previous evaluation of its skin expression, in contrast to the extensively studied S100 protein. Objective: To evaluate the serum level and skin expression of S100B in psoriasis to assess its possible involvement in its pathogenesis. Methods: Serum level of S100B protein was estimated in 40 psoriatic patients of different clinical varieties and 10 healthy controls. S100B protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically in lesional and non-lesional skin of patients and in normal skin of controls. Relation to disease severity was also evaluated. Results: Serum level of S100B protein was significantly higher in psoriatic patients (0.15±0.03 µg/l) than in controls (0.03±0.007 µg/l) (P-value <0.001) with no significant correlation with PASI score. On comparing grades of S100B protein skin expression in lesional and non-lesional skin biopsies, a statistically significant difference was found (P=0.046) with higher percentage of strong S100B skin expression (60%) in non-lesional than in lesional (42%) skin. All the control biopsies showed negative expression. Study limitations: Relatively small sample size with a limited range of low PASI scores. Conclusion: This study points to a potential link between psoriasis and S100B protein with higher serum and skin expression in patients than in controls.

Negative correlation between serum S100B and leptin levels in schizophrenic patients during treatment with clozapine and risperidone: preliminary evidence

Recently, extensive efforts have been made to understand the rate of energy expenditure and the weight gain associated with atypical antipsychotic treatment, including identification of markers of obesity risk. In recent years, leptin, an adipocyte hormone, has gained significant interest in psychiatric disorders. S100B has been considered as a surrogate marker for astrocyte-specific damage in neurologic disorders. Also, S100B has been detected in adipose with concentration as high as nervous tissue as a second release source. In this study we evaluated the relationship between S100B and leptin in schizophrenic patients under treatment with clozapine and risperidone. This study included 19 patients meeting the DSM-IV-TR criteria for schizophrenia, having body mass index [BMI] of 16- 25 kg/m[2] and suffering schizophrenia for more than 3 years and from this study. Twenty five healthy controls were group matched for age and gender whose BMI was 16-25 kg/m[2]. Serum S100B and leptin levels and positive and negative symptom scale [PANSS] were assessed at admission and after six weeks. During the study, S100B showed a strong and negative correlation with leptin [r = -0.5, P = 0.01]. Also, there were negative correlation between serum S100B level and PANSS negative subscale after 6 weeks of treatment [r = -0.048, P = 0.8]. Positive correlation between leptin level and PANSS suggested a potential role for leptin which can mediate the link between antipsychotic induced weight gain and therapeutic response in schizophrenia

Serum neuron-specific enolase and S-100β levels as prognostic follow-up markers for oxygen administered carbon monoxide intoxication cases.

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β levels are considered novel biochemical markers of neuronal cell injury. In this study, the initial and post-treatment levels of NSE and S-100β were compared in carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning patients, who received normorbaric oxygen (NBO) or hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. Forty consecutive patients with acute CO poisoning were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. According to their clinical symptoms and observations, twenty patients were treated with NBO, and the other twenty with HBO. Serum S-100β and NSE levels were measured both at time of admission and 6 h later (post-treatment). Serum NSE and S-100β values decreased significantly in both of the therapeutic modalities. The initial and post-treatment values of NSE and S-100β in NBO or HBO patients were comparable. A clear negative correlation was observed between the decrease of NSE and S-100β levels and initial blood carboxyhemoglobin levels. In conclusion, the present results suggested the use of serum S-100β and NSE levels as indicators for brain injury. Due to the significant increase of their values with oxygen therapy, they may also be useful as prognostic follow-up markers. However, the current findings reflected no difference between the efficacy of NBO or HBO therapy.