Caracterización y resultados de la pleurodesis con talco en derrame pleural neoplásico / Characterization and result of talc pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusion

INTRODUCCIÓN: El derrame pleural neoplásico o maligno (DPN) es una complicación frecuente de las neoplasias metastásicas. La pleurodesis con talco es un tratamiento paliativo local efectivo, que tiene por objetivo mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente. OBJETIVOS: Describir características de pacientes con DPN y los resultados inmediatos y alejados del tratamiento quirúrgico con pleurodesis con talco. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo transversal, se describieron características clínicas, morbimortalidad, resultados inmediatos y alejados de pacientes con DPN tratados con pleurodesis con talco, desde enero del 2011 hasta noviembre del 2015, en Hospital Clínico de Concepción. Datos extraídos de protocolos quirúrgicos, fichas clínicas y registro de anatomía patológica, previa aprobación por el comité ético-científico. RESULTADOS: Total 70 pacientes; 47 (67,1%) mujeres, edad promedio 60,5±14,3 años (Rango 15- 85). Síntomas: disnea 67 (95,7%), dolor torácico 50 (71,4%); 43 (61,4%) correspondieron al lado derecho; 55 (78,6%) se clasificaron como derrames pleurales masivos. Tipo de cáncer: cáncer de mama 20 (28,6%), cáncer broncogénico 12 (17,1%). Procedimiento quirúrgico: videotoracoscopía 53 (75,7%), pleurotomía 14 (20,0%). Se realizó biopsia pleural en 52 (74,3%). Complicaciones post-operatorias en 7 (10,0%) pacientes. Presentaron reexpansión radiológica al alta 62 (88,6%) pacientes. Necesitaron nuevo procedimiento de evacuación pleural 6 (8,6%) pacientes. Supervivencia promedio 8,3 + 9,5 meses (Rango 1-46), con un 55,7% de sobrevida a los 3 meses de seguimiento. DISCUSIÓN: La pleurodesis con talco es un tratamiento paliativo efectivo del DPN, con adecuada reexpansión pulmonar al alta, baja morbimortalidad y baja necesidad de un nuevo procedimiento de evaluación pleural, similar a lo observado en la literatura

Resultados preliminares de la pleurodesis con talco para el tratamiento de los derrames pleurales de causa maligna / Preliminary results of the pleurodesis with talc for the treatment of the spills pleurales of wicked cause

Se realizó un corte preliminar de un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo que se lleva a cabo en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología, con el objetivo de conocer la efectividad de la pleurodesis con talco para evitar las recidivas de los derrames pleurales de causa maligna, aplicado a través de una pleurotomía mínima baja o por videotoracoscopia. Además, para valorar la ocurrencia de efectos adversos y complicaciones. Catorce individuos fueron incluidos tras presentar derrames secundarios a: metástasis de cáncer de mama (7; 50 por ciento), de pulmón (2; 14 por ciento), de colon (1; 7 por ciento), esófago (1; 7 por ciento), de ovario (1; 7 por ciento) de cuello uterino (1; 7 por ciento) y un paciente con mesotelioma (7 por ciento). No hubo recidivas sintomáticas ni efusiones mayores de 500 mL, tampoco efectos adversos menos graves ni graves. Por esta razón valoramos que en estos pacientes fue efectivo y seguro el uso del talco para provocar pleurodesis en los derrames pleurales de causas malignas y que mejoró la calidad de vida de estos(AU)

He/she was carried out a preliminary cut of a descriptive and prospective study that is carried out in the National Institute of Oncología and Radiobiología, with the objective of knowing the effectiveness of the pleurodesis with talc to avoid the relapses of the spills pleurales of wicked cause, applied through a low minimum pleurotomía or for videotoracoscopia. Also, to value the occurrence of adverse effects and complications. Fourteen individuals were included after presenting secondary spills to: cancer metástasis of he/she suckles (7; 50 percent), of lung (2; 14 percent), of colon (1; 7 percent), esophagus (1; 7 percent), of ovary (1; 7 percent) of uterine neck (1; 7 percent) and a patient with mesotelioma (7 percent). there were not symptomatic relapses neither gushes bigger than 500 mL, neither less serious adverse effects neither burden. For this reason we value that in these patients it was effective and sure the use of the talc to cause pleurodesis in the spills pleurales of wicked causes and that it improved the quality of life of these(AU)

Effectiveness of silver nitrate compared to talc slurry as pleural sclerosing agent in rabbits: influence of concomitant intrapleural lidocaine

The ideal agent for producing pleurodesis has not been identified. Talc, the most commonly used, poses several problems. Another possibility is silver nitrate, which was widely used in the past. PURPOSE: To determine the influence of the intrapleural instillation of lidocaine in producing a pleurodesis with silver nitrate, to define the effect of lidocaine in the maturation of the collagen fibers, and to confirm that the pleurodesis after silver nitrate is stronger than after talc. METHODS: We studied three groups of 8 rabbits. Two groups received 0.5 percent silver nitrate; in one we had previously injected 0.5 ml of 2 percent lidocaine. The third group received 400 mg/kg talc (2 ml). The animals were sacrificed 28 days after the injection, and the pleural spaces were assessed grossly for evidence of pleurodesis and microscopically for evidence of inflammation and fibrosis. The total amount of pleural collagen and the distribution of thick and thin collagen fibers were quantified. Collagen was identified using picrosirius red stain. RESULTS: In the two groups that received silver nitrate (without lidocaine: 3.5 + 03 and with lidocaine: 3.2 + 0.3), the macroscopic pleurodesis (scale 0 3/4 4) was significantly (p = 0.001) better than that resulting from talc (1.6 + 0.2). The mean degree of pleural fibrosis induced by silver nitrate (3.5 + 0.2) was significantly (p = 0.004) higher than that induced by talc (1.9 + 0.1). The previous instillation of lidocaine resulted in a tendency for decreased amounts of fibrosis (3.1 + 0.4). The mean amount (10(3)mm2) of pleural collagen was significantly (p = 0.009) greater in the rabbits that received silver nitrate (116.9 + 22.7) than in those that received talc (10.7 + 3.4). The injection of lidocaine slightly reduced the collagen (80.1 + 30.3). The distribution of collagen fibers did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSION: This rabbit model clearly confirms that intrapleural silver nitrate is more effective than talc for producing pleurodesis. The previous intrapleural instillation of lidocaine results in a decreasing trend in the amount of collagen, but does not change the effectiveness of the pleural fusion or modify the process of collagen maturation.

Blockade of transdiaphragmatic absorption of bacteria in rats / Peritonite experimental em ratos: bloqueio da absorçäo transdiafragmática

Foram estudados 110 ratos Wistar do ponto de vista clínico e bacteriológico, no sentido de evidenciar-se até que ponto o bloqueio da absorçäo transdiafragmática de bactérias participa na mortalidade e no índice de hemoculturas positivas após peritonite induzida por lesäo cecal. Utilizou-se como meio de bloqueio da absorçäo, e escarificaçäo da superfície peritoneal do diafragma com gaze seguida de pulverizaçäo de talco e a aplicaçäo de cola cirúrgica (Colagel). Verificou-se que o primeiro método, quando realizado 15 dias antes da induçäo da peritonite diminuiu significantemente a mortalidade e o número de hemoculturas positivas para simultaneamente com a induçäo da peritonite quanto ao aplicar-se 15 dias antes desta (AU)/