Cuando no todo es lo que parece_: masa extracardíaca en la aurícula izquierda: reporte de un caso en Uruguay / When not everything is what it seems_: extra-cardiac mass in the left atrium: a case report in Uruguay / Quando nem tudo é o que parece_: massa extracardíaca em átrio esquerdo: relato de um caso no Uruguai

La hernia hiatal es una entidad relativamente frecuente y puede ser un hallazgo incidental en un estudio ecocardiográfico. Describimos el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de masa en la aurícula izquierda (AI) sin clara etiología, a quien se le realiza el diagnóstico de hernia hiatal por resonancia magnética cardíaca (RMC) y luego se demuestra mediante ecocardiografía de contraste el contenido gástrico de la masa tras la ingestión de una bebida carbonatada, lo que permite de forma rápida y sencilla aclarar el diagnóstico.

Hiatal hernia is a relatively common entity, and may be an incidental finding in an echocardiographic study. We describe the case of a patient with a diagnosis of a mass in the left atrium with no clear etiology, in whom the diagnosis of hiatal hernia is made by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and then demonstrated by contrast echocardiography the gastric content of the mass after the ingestion of a carbonated drink, which allows quickly and easily to clarify the diagnosis.

A hérnia de hiato é uma entidade relativamente comum, e pode ser um achado incidental em um estudo ecocardiográfico. Descrevemos o caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de massa em átrio esquerdo sem etiologia definida, em que o diagnóstico de hérnia de hiato é feito por ressonância magnética cardíaca e posteriormente demonstrado por ecocardiografia contrastada com uma bebida gaseificada, permitindo esclarecer de forma rápida e fácil o diagnóstico.

Late cardiac tamponade in a patient victim of penetrating trauma - case report

Abstract Case Presentation: A case of a 49-year-old patient, male, victim of stab wound, developing belatedly cardiac tamponade and hemodynamic stability was reported. The patient underwent a pericardial window with drainage of pericardial effusion of blackened aspect; however, without visualization of the cardiac lesion, enlargement of the incision by median sternotomy was opted for. A hematoma was spotted at the left ventricle with epicardial lesion and a patch of pericardium was made with 3-0 polypropylene. The patient developed acute pulmonary edema and atrial fibrillation, which improved after the intensive care unit clinical management, with hospital discharge in the 7th postoperative day.

Taponamiento cardíaco como forma de debut del lupus eritematoso sistémico / Cardiac tamponade as a debut form of systemic lupus erythematosus

Introducción: El lupus eritematoso sistémico tiene múltiples formas de presentarse. La afectación del pericardio es la manifestación cardíaca más frecuente. El taponamiento cardíaco es muy raro, pero se presenta como un síndrome clínico hemodinámico potencialmente mortal. Objetivo: Mostrar una forma muy rara de presentación del lupus eritematoso sistémico; el taponamiento cardíaco. Caso clínico: Paciente blanca de 47 años con anasarca, disnea, palpitaciones, polipnea, ortopnea, tiraje intercostal, dolor torácico intenso, punzante, toma del estado general, ansiedad, fiebre, artralgia, artritis, lesiones dermatológicas, acrocianosis, ingurgitación yugular e hipotensión marcada. Comentarios: El paciente con taponamiento cardíaco debe ser asumido por un equipo multidisciplinario que defina el diagnóstico preciso y la conducta, sobre todo cuando se trata del debut del lupus eritematoso sistémico, que con los fenómenos autoinmunitarios, afecta a todos los órganos y sistemas(AU)

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus has multiple ways of presentation. Pericardium involvement is the most frequent cardiac manifestation. Cardiac tamponade is very rare, but it presents as a life-threatening clinical hemodynamic syndrome. Objective: To show a very rare form of presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus; cardiac tamponade. Clinical case: 47-year-old white patient with anasarca, dyspnea, palpitations, polypnea, orthopnea, intercostal retraction, throbbing severe chest pain, bad general condition, anxiety, fever, arthralgia, arthritis, dermatological lesions, acrocyanosis, jugular engorgement and severe hypotension. Comments: Cardiac tamponade patient must be assumed by a multidisciplinary team that defines the precise diagnosis and behavior, especially when it comes to the debut of systemic lupus erythematosus, which with its autoimmune phenomena, affects all organs and systems(AU)

Epicardial atrial fibrillation ablation and left atrial appendage amputation in a patient with congenital bicuspid aortic valve and catheter-induced cardiac tamponade

Abstract Early recognition and rapid and appropriate treatment of cardiac tamponade are mandatory to prevent the irreversible deterioration of cerebral perfusion and other important organs. In this study, cardiac tamponade was induced by inadvertent transseptal puncture, which was managed with pericardial drainage and surgical repair in a patient with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Epicardial atrial fibrillation ablation and left atrial appendage amputation were also performed at the same time.

Tamponamento cardíaco por cateter central de inserção periférica em prematuros: papel da ultrassonografia à beira do leito e abordagem terapêutica / Cardiac tamponade by peripherally inserted central catheter in preterm infants: role of bedside ultrasonography and therapeutic approach

RESUMO Objetivo: determinar a incidência de derrame pericárdico com tamponamento cardíaco em recém-natos prematuros em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, com ênfase na relação entre o derrame pericárdico e a inserção de cateter central de inserção periférica, e avaliar o papel da ultrassonografia à beira do leito na abordagem desses casos. Métodos: análise retrospectiva dos pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, entre julho de 2014 e dezembro de 2016, que apresentaram derrame pericárdico com repercussão hemodinâmica, avaliados por ultrassonografia. Resultados: foram estudados 426 pacientes admitidos na unidade neonatal de cinco leitos, com realização 285 ultrassonografias à beira do leito. Foram encontrados seis casos de derrame pericárdico, sendo quatro casos com choque obstrutivo e necessidade de realização de drenagem pericárdica, sem mortalidade relacionada ao procedimento e com melhora hemodinâmica em todos os pacientes após o procedimento. A incidência de derrame pericárdico foi de 2,4 casos por ano. Conclusão: a incidência de derrame pericárdico é baixa em neonatos, porém o diagnóstico precoce é fundamental devido à alta morbimortalidade, especialmente nos casos de instalação abrupta. Todos os casos foram diagnosticados pela ultrassonografia à beira do leito, demonstrando sua importância no rastreio desses casos, especialmente em nos quadros de choque de etiologia incerta e neonatos com instabilidade hemodinâmica de início súbito que estão em uso de acesso venoso central.

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the incidence of pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade in preterm infants in a pediatric intensive care unit, with emphasis on the relationship between pericardial effusion and peripherally inserted central catheter, and to evaluate the role of bedside ultrasound in approaching these cases. Methods: we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit between July 2014 and December 2016, who presented pericardial effusion with hemodynamic repercussion, evaluated by ultrasonography. Results: we studied 426 patients admitted to the five beds of the neonatal unit. In the period, there were 285 bedside ultrasound exams. We found six cases of pericardial effusion, four of which with obstructive shock and need for pericardial drainage. There was no procedure-related mortality, and all patients evolved with hemodynamic improvement after the procedure. The incidence of pericardial effusion was 2.4 cases per year. Conclusion: the incidence of pericardial effusion is low in neonates, but early diagnosis is fundamental due to high morbidity and mortality, especially in cases of abrupt onset. All cases were diagnosed by bedside ultrasonography, demonstrating its importance in the screening of these cases, especially in shocks of uncertain etiology and neonates with sudden onset hemodynamic instability who are using central venous access.

Cardiac tamponade in a patient with severe dengue fever

Abstract A 26-year-old postpartum female presented with symptoms characteristic of dengue fever on the 16th day of puerperium. On the third day of the illness, the patient presented a clinical picture consistent with shock. Tests determined primary infection with dengue virus serotype 2. Cardiac tamponade was confirmed by echocardiography. This rare manifestation is described in a patient without any associated comorbidity.

Tratamiento con sirolimus y prednisona en enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester con compromiso cardiaco: caso clínico / Sirolimus and prednisone for the treatment of Erdheim-Chester disease with cardiac involvement: report of one case

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans histiocytic disorder. We report a 76-years-old man who suffered a cardiac tamponade secondary to ECD. A pericardial window was made and during the operation the surgeons observed that the myocardium was diffusely infiltrated. Twenty-eight months before, ECD was clinically diagnosed and prednisone and methotrexate were prescribed. Due to disease progression which culminated in the cardiac tamponade, methotrexate was changed to sirolimus aiming to obtain plasma levels between 5-8 ng/ml. This treatment stabilized his cardiac function allowing a survival of 52 months after its initiation, with fewer side effects.

Localized pericardial tamponade: Does it always need exploration.

A 48-year-old female patient underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. One‑hour after surgery, the patient developed hemodynamic instability. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was inconclusive. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed and it revealed localised collection around right atrium. In spite of the evidence of localized tamponade, wait and watch policy was employed rather than re‑exploring the patient emergently. The patient recovered uneventfully. If hemodynamics remain stable and there is no fall in hematocrit and no increase in effusion on TEE/TTE examination, then localized tamponade can be managed conservatively without reexploring the patient.