Content analysis of Islamic Republic of Iran television food advertising related to oral health: appeals and performance methods

Today, electronic mass media such as television [TV], influence behavioral patterns of their audiences. This study aimed to evaluate what messages on food advertisements related to oral health were transmitted [appeals] and how they were transferred [performance methods and artistic techniques] in Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting [IRIB]. In this cross sectional study, broadcasted advertisements on 4 important channels of Iran TV were recorded for a week from 8 am to 12 pm in 2012. The content and volume of food advertisements were investigated using a researcher-made check list. Advertisement group [food, non-food], food group [non-cariogenic, cariogenic], advertisement appeals [rational, emotional, and humor content], advertisement performance methods [hard-sell, soft-sell, presenting confirmation of Ministry of Health and Medical Education], and artistic technique were assessed. For variable comparison in groups a chi squared test and t-tests were used via SPSS software. Frequency of food advertisements [14.9%] were less than non-food advertising. Non-cariogenic food advertisements had higher frequency [12.09%] compared to cariogenic food [2.8%]. Rational appeal in advertising of non-cariogenic food had the most frequency [64.9%]. In contrast emotional appeal for cariogenic food was used more frequently [85.5%]. For cariogenic foods, a soft-sell approach was used more frequently [95.5%]. The most common artistic technique used in food advertising was music. Chemical and mechanical dental plaque control materials had a very low frequency [0.2%]. Advertising of cariogenic foods in Iran TV has low frequency

Analisis del Campo Electromagnetico en Ciudad de La Habana / Analysis of the electromagnetic field in Havana City

Con el objetivo de valorar la exposicion de la poblacion al campo electromagnetico, a cuenta de las transmisiones civiles en Ciudad de La Habana, se efectuaron los calculos teoricos de propagacion de ondas en la gama de frecuencias medias, cortas y ultracortas en modulaciones de amplitud, frecuencia y pulso, y se obtuvieron estimaciones de las zonas de proteccion sanitaria y limite de construccion a partir de normas europeas para los transmisores instalados que operaban a su maxima capacidad. Con la tecnica de reconocimiento de patrones se observo que el riesgo sanitario era de igual modo mayor en los transmisores de television del oeste de la ciudad, en los emisores de frecuencia modulada del centro y en una de las frecuencias de radar del este de la ciudad, se hallaron multiples edificaciones civiles en areas de presunta restriccion. El riesgo seria minimo en las emisiones de ondas medias. Los valores que resultan de la situacion real y los valores medidos indican que en ningun momento llega a transgredirse el nivel permisible de campo para la salud humana. El calculo teorico de los campos asociados a las lineas de alta tension que se hallan en zonas aledanas y dentro de la ciudad delimita una extension de la zona de proteccion sanitaria del orden hasta de las centenas de metros