Actividad antibacterial y larvicida sobre Aedes aegypty L. de extractos de Ambrosia peruviana Willd (Altamisa) / Antibacterial and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti L. of extracts from Ambrosia peruviana Willd (altamisa)

Introducción: en la actualidad, nuevas tendencias tecnológicas e iniciativas se están presentando en el desarrollo de productos insecticidas derivados de productos naturales, y de nuevos agentes antimicrobianos, dado que poseen bioactivos que son selectivos, biodegradables y tienen menores efectos adversos. La especie Ambrosia peruviana Willd. es de gran interés en el estudio por su gran potencial biológico y etnobotánico. Objetivo: evaluar la actividad larvicida sobre Aedes aegypty L. y la actividad antibacteriana sobre bacterias Gram positivas y Gram negativas de extractos de A. peruviana. Métodos: a partir del material vegetal seco (hojas), se obtuvieron cinco extractos de diferente polaridad en hexano (H), diclorometano (D), acetato de etilo (A) y etanol (E) y aceites esenciales (AE), los cuales fueron evaluados mediante la inhibición del crecimiento de larvas por el método recomendado de la OMS y la inhibición de las bacterias por el método de difusión en agar de Kirby-Bauer. Resultados: la tasa de mortalidad encontrada a las 24 h a una concentración de 200 ppm para todos los extractos fue del 10 por ciento. Al evaluar el paso de los insectos de larvas a adultos a las 144 h se observó a esta misma concentración una mortalidad del 100 por ciento con todos los extractos. Por otra parte, los extractos de A. peruviana presentaron inhibición sobre Bacillus cereus Frankland & Frankland y Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn con halos de inhibición del extracto de diclorometano (APExtD) de 10,5 y 15,0 mm de diámetro respectivamente, al contrario sobre las cepas Serratia marcescens Bizio, Proteus mirabilis Hauser, Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan) Hormaeche & Edwards y Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach no se presentó actividad antibacteriana. Conclusiones: esta investigación es el primer reporte de actividad larvicida sobre A. aegypty y de actividad antibacteriana sobre B. cereus y B. subtilis de varios extractos de A. peruviana con promisorios resultados en estos modelos(AU)

Introduction: New technological trends and initiatives are currently being put forth concerning the development of insecticidal products and antimicrobial agents of natural origin, since their bioactive components are selective and biodegradable, and cause fewer adverse effects. The species Ambrosia peruviana Willd. was of great interest to the present study, due to its great biological and ethnobotanical potential. Objective: Evaluate the larvicidal activity of A. peruviana extracts against Aedes aegypti L., and its antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Methods: Dry plant material (leaves) was processed to obtain five extracts of different polarity in hexane (H), dichloromethane (D), ethyl acetate (A), ethanol (E) and essential oils (AE), which were evaluated for larval growth inhibition with the method recommended by WHO, and for bacterial inhibition with the Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method. Results: The mortality rate at 24 h and a concentration of 200 ppm was 10 percent for all extracts. Examination of the transition of larvae into adults at 144 h and the same concentration revealed a mortality of 100 percent with all extracts. On the other hand, the extracts of A. peruviana displayed inhibition capacity against Bacillus cereus Frankland & Frankland and Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn with inhibition haloes for the dichloromethane extract (APExtD) of 10.5 and 15.0 mm in diameter, respectively, whereas no antibacterial activity was found against the strains Serratia marcescens Bizio, Proteus mirabilis Hauser, Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan) Hormaeche & Edwards and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: This study is the first report of larvicidal activity againstA. aegypti and antibacterial activity against B. cereus and B. subtilis by several extracts of A. peruviana with promising results in these models(AU)

Extraction of saponins and toxicological profile of Teucrium stocksianum boiss extracts collected from District Swat, Pakistan

BACKGROUND: The current era is facing challenges in the management of neoplasia and weeds control. The currently available anti-cancer and herbicidal drugs are associated with some serious side effects. Therefore numerous researchers are trying to discover and develop plant based alternative particularly for the rational management of cancer and weed control. Teucrium stocksianum possess antioxidant and analgesic activities. The current study was designed to evaluate crude saponins (CS), methanolic extract and sub-fractions of T. stocksianum for cytotoxic and phytotoxic potentials. CS, methanolic extract and sub-fractions were extracted from powdered plant material using different solvents. Cytotoxic potential of the extracts at a dose of 10, 100 and 1000 µg/ml were evaluated against Brine shrimp's nauplii. Phytotoxic assay also performed at the same concentration against Lemna minor. Etoposide and Paraquat were used as positive controls in cytotoxic and phytotoxic assays respectively. RESULTS: The percent yield of crude saponins was (5%). CS demonstrated tremendous brine shrimp lethality showing < 10 µg/ml LC50. The n-hexane (HF) and chloroform fractions (CF) demonstrated excellent cytotoxicity with 80 and 55 µg/ml LC50 respectively. Whereas the methanolic extract (TSME), ethyl acetate (EAF) and aqueous fractions (AF) revealed moderate cytotoxicity showing 620, 860 and 1000 µg/ml LC50 values respectively. In phytotoxic assay profound inhibition was displayed by HF (96.67%) and TSME (95.56%, 30 µg/ml LC50) against the growth of Lemna minor at 1000 µg/ml respectively. Both CF and EAF demonstrated profound phytoxicity (93.33%) respectively at highest concentration (1000 µg/ml), while AF and CS demonstrated weak phytotoxicity with 1350 and 710 µg/ml LC50 values respectively. CONCLUSION: Cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity assays indicated that the crude saponins, n-hexane and chloroform fractions of T. stocksianum could play a vital role in the treatment of neoplasia and as potential natural herbicides. Therefore these sub-fractions are recommended for further investigation with the aim to isolate novel anti-cancer and herbicidal compounds.

[ effect of four medicinal plants on performance and concentration of serum lipids in broiler chicks]

The usage of "growth promoter" antibiotics has been banned recently. This is due to the possibility of bacterial resistance and the risk of transferring to consumers. Herbs with antimicrobial and hypolipidemic properties can suggest as proper alternatives for antibiotic. Comparative investigation of growth promoting effect of four medicinal plants [Cuminum L., Mentha piperita L., Achillea L., Teucrium Polium L.] on performance and concentration of serum lipids of broiler. Total 280 day-old male Ross broiler chicks were used in a CRD design with 5 treatments, and 4 replicates and 56 birds per each treatment. Cuminum, Mentha piperita, Achillea and Teucrium Polium was added to diets in levels of 1.5, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.2 percent, respectively. A treatment without any additive was considered as control group. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were recorded weekly. Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL and HDL were measured at 35 days of age. Among the medicinal plants that used in this study, inclusion Mentha piperita in finisher diets increased feed intake [2196.4 g] and weight gain [1005.3 g], significantly [p < 0.05]. At total rearing period, addition of Teucrium Polium to diets decreased weight gain [1821.3 g] of chicks compared to control [1963.7 g], decreased total cholesterol [151.33 mg/dl] and LDL [29.06 mg/dl]; but it increased HDL [120.16 mg/dl] of serum [p < 0.05]. The results of this experiment suggest that Mentha piperita L., in diet, improves broiler performance compared to control and it can be used as growth promoter in broiler nutrition

In vitro modulation of pancreatic min6 insulin secretion and proliferation and extrapancreatic glucose absorption by paronychia argentea, rheum ribes and teucrium polium extracts

The present study design investigated the effects of crude aqueous extracts [AE] of Paronychia argentea Lam., Rheum ribes L. and Teucrium polium L., traditionally utilized in diabetes treatment in Jordan, on the pancreatic beta-cell MIN6 proliferation and insulin secretion and extrapancreatic glucose diffusion. In an ascending order, R. ribes, T. polium and P. argentea concentrations induced a MIN6 monolayers expansion by respective 118-136%, 158-175% and 140-200% [P<0.001], thus exceeding GLP-1 [5 nM] pancreatic proliferative capacity. Like Lalanine [10 mM] insulinotropic efficacy and without exerting cytotoxicity, glucose stimulated insulin secretion was potentiated by AEs of R. ribes [373-736%, P<0.001] and T. polium [503-1190% P<0.001]. P. argentea AE was inactive at used doses. The potent plants' insulin secretory bioactivities were abolished in the depleted Ca[2+] conditions [P<0.001]. Comparable to guar gum [50 mg/ml] diffusional hindrance in a simple dialysis model, P. argentea inhibited overnight glucose movement in vitro [by 38.1 +/- 1.9% AUC reductions, P<0.001], while R. ribes and T. polium AEs proved inactive. This in vitro evaluation has revealed that all three plants augmented beta- cell expansion, P. argentea inhibited carbohydrate absorption and R. ribes and T. polium stimulated insulin secretion. These actions depend on their intact absorption in vivo. Future directives may assess the use of P. argentea, R. ribes and T. polium as new potential sources with functional properties for food or nutraceutical products or active leads into anti-diabetes pharmacotherapy

cytotoxic activity of various herbals against different tumor cells: an in vitro study

Medicinal plants have been investigated for possible anti-cancer effects. The aim of the present study was to examine the cytotoxic activity of several medicinal native plants on different tumor cell lines. Plants including Salvia santolinifolia, Salvia eremophil, Salvia macrosiphon, Salvia reuterana, Teucrium persicum, Anvillea gracini and Francoeuria undulate were collected from different sites of Fars Province in southern Iran. The methanolic extracts of the plants were prepared and their effects at concentrations of 5-200 micro g/ml on various tumor cell lines were examined using a colorimetric assay. Among the extracts of Salvia species, the strongest inhibitory effect was observed for S. reuterana extract. This extract showed a strong cytotoxic effect on the Raji lymphoma cell line. More than 50% of Raji cells growth was inhibited by 21 micro g/ml of this extract. S. macrosiphon extract also showed a strong inhibitory effect on this tumor cell line [IC50=77 +/- 1 micro g/ml]. The greatest inhibitory effect of T. persicum extract was on Hela tumor cell line. This extract at concentration of 69 +/- 2 micro g/ml causes 50% inhibition of Hela cell growth. Corresponding data for A. gracini extract was obtained at concentrations of 83.5 +/- 2 and 86 +/- 3 micro g/ml on Jurkat and Hela cells, respectively. F. undulata reduced the proliferation of all the tumor cell lines used in this study but this inhibition did not reach 50%. All the extracts, more and less, showed inhibitory effects on the tumor cell lines. The most cytotoxic activity was observed in S. reuterana with an IC50 value less than 25 micro g/ml towards Raji cell line

Chemical constituents and bioactivity of Teucrium pilosum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents and bioactivity of Teurium pilosum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various column chromatographic techniques were used to isolate the constituents. A combination of EI-MS, NMR spectroscopy and X-Ray were applied to identify the structures. The anti-microorganism was accomplished by disk diffusion method, the antioxidant activity was assayed by the DPPH microanalysis models and the inhibitory activity of alpha-glucosidase was screened In vitro.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight compounds were isolated and identified as: glyceryl tristearate (1), 2,5-dioxolanone (2), fernenol (3), stigmasta-5,22-dien-3P-ol (4), 24-nor cholesta-5,22 (E)-dien-3beta-ol (5), ca-spinasterol (6), (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylate (7), 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl acrylic acid (8).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All compounds have been isolated from the genus for the first time. Compound 3 [IC50 = (37.63 +/- 3.45) mg +/- L(-1)], 6 [IC50 = (178.92 +/- 4.99) mg x L(-1)] and 8 [IC50 = (44.32 +/- 7.02) mg x L(-1)] are of higher inhibitory alpha-glucosidase activity than that of acarbose [IC50 = (1081.27 +/- 12.3) mg x L(-1)]. Compound7 [IC50 = (4.81 +/- 0.96) mg x L(-1)] and 8 [IC50 = (4.16 +/- 0.11) mg L(-1)] showed higher antioxidant activity than that of BHT [IC50 = (35.64 +/- 0.36) mg x L(-1)] and BHA [IC50 = (8.74 +/- 0.39) mg x L(-1)]. Compound 5-8 exhibited inhibitory activity against Fusarium graminearum. Compound 5 and 8 showed inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea.</p>

ethnopharmacological study on antibacterial activity of some selected plants used in Iranian traditional medicine

Iran is a land of great heritage of ancient medical scholars. Herbal medicines, as a basement of treatment of diseases have been clearly described in the medical texts of these scholars including Rhazes, Avicenna, and others. Numerous plants are introduced in these texts to treat those diseases likely to be infective ones. Few attempts have been made to evaluate ethnopharmacological aspects of these plants. In the present study selected specimens of plants described in ancient Iranian medical texts to treat infective conditions were evaluated for antibacterial activity. The hypothesis of this study was that the plants described in the ancient medical texts possess antibacterial properties. In this study, ten specimens of these plants were selected from various texts. Their scientific terminologies were prepared based on various respected sources. The antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of these herbs, as well as their MICs and MBCs were evaluated according to standard techniques. Results of this study showed that almost all of 10 specimens showed considerable antibacterial activity. The MIC and MBC of some herbs showed strong activity against gram positive and gram negative microorganisms. MICs and MBCs of Heracleum persicum and antibacterial activity of Zea mays are reported for the first time in this study. The antibacterial activity of the selected plants supports their old uses as anti-infective agents. The results of this survey also showed antibacterial activity of Arnebia euchroma [Royle] Johst. and Teucrium polium L. traditionally used as poultice for infective wounds. H. persicumi traditionally used in Iran as spice can play a valuable role in preventing food poisoning. The data of this study supported the importance of ethnopharmacological approach and opened also the new doors to future researches in this field

[In vitro susceptibility of Fluconazole, Clotrimazole and Toucrium Polium smoke product on Candida isolates of vaginal candidiasis]

It has been estimated that up to 75% of women in their child-bearing age have been affected by vulvovaginal candidiasis at least once in their life time. Almost 45% of women experience this infection two or more times. The antifungal azole group, in topical and oral forms, is the common way of therapy. Herbal products are often used for vulvovaginal therapy. Nowadays, Toucrium polium [TP] products are being used as traditional medicine to reduce signs of Candida vaginitis. There is no study regarding to antifungal activity of TP smoke product in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the In vitro activity of TP smoke product against Candida, isolated from women with Candida vaginitis, compared with antifungal drugs which are ordinary used to cure Candida vaginitis. The present study was conducted at the University of Medical Sciences of Shiraz in 1387 [2008]. During seven months, samples were taken from 450 patients suffering from urogenital infections and 105 Candida vaginitis were detected. Germ tube test was used for identification of fungal species. TP smoke product was prepared in suitable potency. Antifungal activity of fluconazole, clotrimazole and TP product were evaluated by disk diffusion method. Sterile blank disks were loaded by TP smoke product in potency of 10-240 microliter/disk. Inhibition zone around the disks were measured and compared with each other. 105 Candida species were isolated from the patients. Candida species were identified by germ tube test as Candida albicans 74 [70.5%] and Candida non-albicans 31[29.5%].The mean of inhibition zone around the clotrimazole disks was 22 +/- 5.39 along with one case of resistance. Forty seven species had resistance to fluconazole while 94% and 55.2% of all samples were sensitive to clotrimazole and fluconazole respectively. All of the clinical isolates and standard Candida species were sensitive to TP smoke product. Considering the resistance of Candida species to antifungal drugs and good antifungal activity of TP smoke product, it is necessary to analyze the main compounds and chemical contents of TP extract for better evaluation of its antifungal activity

Acute cholestatic hepatitis associated with teucrium polium

Diabetes mellitus [DM] is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in Insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Despite the fact that it has a worldwide high prevalence, morbidity and mortality, it is regarded as a non-curable but controllable disease. In addition to different synthetic drugs, plant remedies and dietary traditions play an effective role in treatment. Teucrium polium L. is one of the 300 species of the genus Teucrium and found mainly in the Mediterranean and Western Irano- Turanian sphere. It is widely distributed in Jordan and Palestine. The leaves, 1-3 cm long, are sessile, oblong or linear, the stems are ending in shortly paniculate or corymbose inflorescences, and corolla is white or pale cream colored. This case describes a 74year old man with diabetes since 20 years. He was treated by glibenclamide 5mg/day. He stopped this drug and started daily consumption of tea containing the medicinal plant, teucrium polium. One month after initiation of this therapy, he developed an acute icteric hepatitis like illness. After 8 weeks, the patient recovered clinically and bilirubin, ALT and AST levels were normal

Folk utilization of traditional medicinal plants among rural population in Wadi Mujib - Jordan

The use of herbal medicine among the inhabitants of Jordan is an inherent practice. Over 100 inhabitants from 7 villages around Wadi Mujib area, 120 km south of the capital Amman, were interviewed to fill a specially designed questionnaire. The analysis of the questionnaire indicated that the inhabitants utilize about 20 plant species for treating at least 18 different ailments. The 5 most commonly used herbs -cited by more than 50% of the informants- were; Germ and er, Teucrium polium L.; Golden chamomile, Matricaria aurea L.; Worm wood, Artimisia herba - alba Asso; Origano thyme, Origanum syriacum L.; and Sage, Salvia triloba L. Our results show that Germ and er is used for treating gastro-intestinal disorders with the highest Rank Order Priority [ROP = 255]. Results also indicate that the majority of inhabitants practice folk medicine without referring to herbalists. Moreover, the number of herbalists in the study area is limited. Around half of the population [57.3%] collects and grows medicinal plants. Collection of medicinal plants starts from late winter to early summer; 83.6% of inhabitants collect medicinal plants during spring [from March to June]

Would Sacaca, Croton cajucara Benth (Euphorbiaceae) be an hepatotoxic plant like Germander, Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Labiatae)? / Será a Sacaca, Croton cajucara Benth (Euphorbiaceae) uma planta hepatotóxica semelhante à Germander, Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Labiatae)?

Clinical and experimental studies have consistently incriminated the medicinal plant germander (Teucrium chamaedrys L.) in epidemic and sporadic cases of liver diseases. The sacaca (Croton cajucara Benth), a common plant in Brazilian Amazon region also comes being incriminated in similar clinical cases. Of both plants were isolated diterpenoid coumpounds with similar chemical structures.

Estudos clínicos e experimentais tem incriminado, de forma consistente, na França, a planta medicinal germander (Teucrium chamaedrys L.) em casos esporádicos ou epidêmicos de hepatopatias. A Sacaca (Croton cajucara Benth), uma planta comum na Amazônia brasileira, também vem sendo incriminada em casos clínicos semelhantes. De ambas as plantas, foram isolados diterpenóides com estruturas químicas semelhantes.