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1.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2012 Mar; 60(2): 105-107
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-138802

RESUMO

Purpose: To evaluate whether transformation of the naso-lacrimal passage as happens after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) operation has any effect on the systemic adverse effects of topically administered timolol maleate. Materials and Methods: Fifty otherwise healthy adult patients without any prior history of cardiac or pulmonary problems scheduled for elective DCR surgery received a drop of timolol maleate 0.5% on the healthy eye. This eye served as a control. Six weeks after successful DCR surgery, the operated eye received the same medication. Parameters compared included intraocular pressure (IOP), pulse rate, blood pressure and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) findings. Observations: Post DCR patients showed an increased incidence of reduced pulse rate and FEV1. Conclusion: Timolol maleate ophthalmic preparation should be used with caution in post-DCR patients.


Assuntos
Administração Tópica , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacocinética , Adulto , Dacriocistorinostomia/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Hipertensão Ocular/induzido quimicamente , Soluções Oftálmicas , Timolol/efeitos adversos , Timolol/farmacocinética
2.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2010 Nov; 58(6): 477-181
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-136110

RESUMO

Background: Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic, polymeric networks capable of imbibing large amounts of water or biological fluids on stimulation, such as pH, temperature and ionic change. Aim: To develop hydrogels that are sensitive to stimuli, i.e. pH, in the cul-de-sac of the eye for providing a prolonged effect and increased bioavailability with reduction in frequency of administration. Materials and Methods: Hydrogels were formulated by using timolol maleate as the model drug, polyacrylic acid as the gelling agents, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose as the viscolizer and sodium chloride as the isotonic agent. Stirring of ingredients in pH 4 phosphate buffer at high speed was carried out. The dynamic dialysis technique was used for drug release studies. In vivo study for reduction in intraocular pressure was carried out by using albino rabbits. Statistical Analysis: Drug release studies data were used for statistical analysis in first-order plots, Higuchi plots and Peppas exponential plots. Student t-test was performed for in vivo study. Results: Viscosity of the hydrogel increases from 3.84 cps to 9.54 cps due to change in pH 4 to pH 7.4. The slope value of the Peppas equation was found to be 0.3081, 0.3743 and 0.2964. Up to 80% of drug was released in an 8 h drug release study. Sterile hydrogels with no ocular irritation were obtained. Conclusions: Hydrogels show increase in viscosity due to change in pH. Hydrogels were therapeutically effacious, stable, non-irritant and showed Fickian diffusion. In vivo results clearly show a prolonged reduction in intraocular pressure, which was helpful for reduction in the frequency of administration.


Assuntos
Animais , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Hidrogéis , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Soluções Oftálmicas/administração & dosagem , Soluções Oftálmicas/farmacocinética , Coelhos , Timolol/administração & dosagem , Timolol/farmacocinética , Viscosidade
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