Hypolipidaemic & hepatoprotective effects of Psidium guajava raw fruit peel in experimental diabetes.

Background & objective: The study evaluated the hypolipidaemic and hepatoprotective effects of unripe Psidium guajava fruit peel aqueous extract in streptozotocin (STZ) induced severely diabetic rats by assaying their triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), asperate amino transeferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and creatanine (CRTN) levels. Method: Severely diabetic albino Wister rats of same age group were treated orally once a day upto 3wk with a dose of 400 mg/kg bw of lyophilized extract. TG, TC, HDL, ALKP, AST, ALT and CRTN were estimated. LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels were calculated from the above measurements by using Friedwald formula. Results: A significant decrease in TG (P<0.01), TC (P<0.01), HDL (P<0.001) VLDL (P<0.001) and LDL (P<0.01), ALKP (P<0.01), AST (P<0.05), ALT (P<0.05) and CRTN (P<0.001) levels were observed after 21 days treatment of aquous extract of raw fruit peel compared to pre treatment levels. Interpretation & conclusion: The extract showed significant hypolipidaemic activity in addition to its hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activity. In view of its relative non-toxic nature P. guajava raw fruit peel may be a potential antidiabetic agent.

Diabetes melito neonatal: [revisão] / Neonatal diabetes mellitus: [review]

O diabetes neonatal (DN) é uma condição rara caracterizada por hiperglicemia, que necessita de tratamento com insulina, diagnosticado nos primeiros meses de vida. Clinicamente pode ser classificado em DN transitório quando ocorre remissão da doença em poucos meses, podendo haver recorrência posterior; ou permanente quando, como o nome indica, não ocorre remissão. Ambas as condições são geneticamente heterogêneas; entretanto a maioria dos casos de DN transitório é decorrente de anormalidades da região de imprinted no cromossomo 6q24. Mutações ativadoras em heterozigose no gene KCNJ11, que codifica a subunidade Kir6.2 do canal de potássio ATP-sensível, são a causa mais comum de DN permanente. No presente artigo, discutimos as características clínicas do DN, os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos e suas implicações terapêuticas.

Neonatal diabetes is a rare condition characterized by hyperglycemia, requiring insulin treatment, diagnosed within the first months of life. The disorder may be either transient, resolving in infancy or early childhood with possible relapse later, or permanent in which case lifelong treatment is necessary. Both conditions are genetically heterogeneous; however, the majority of the cases of transient neonatal diabetes are due to abnormalities of an imprinted region of chromosome 6q24. For permanent neonatal diabetes, the most common causes are heterozygous activating mutations of KCNJ11, the gene encoding the Kir6.2 sub-unit of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. In this article we discuss the clinical features of neonatal diabetes, the underlying genetic defects and the therapeutic implications.

Infuencia de la velocidad de la ingestion de la comida en la glucemia postprandial / The influence of speed on the ingestion of food in postpradina glucemia

Para valorar la influencia de la velocidad de la ingestión de la comida en la glucemia postprandial, se estudiaron a 10 voluntarios sanos y a 10 pacientes con diabetes mellitus no dependientes de insulina (DMNID). Todos ingirieron dos comidas idénticas (1890 J, carbohidratos 37 por ciento, proteínas 23 por ciento, lípidos 40 por ciento) en diferentes días. Una de las comidas fue ingerida en 10 minutos (ingestión rápida), la otra en 20 minutos (ingestión lenta). Se midieron los niveles de glucosa sérica inmediatamente antes de la comida y durante los siguientes 189 minutos. Los pacientes con DMNID tuvieron cifras de glucemia de los 30 a los 90 minutos significativamente mayores con la ingestión rápida que con la lenta. La máxima glucemia (MG) y el área bajo la curva de glucosa (ABC), también fueron significativamente mayores con la ingestión rápida: MG 15.8 ñ 4.3 y 12.9 ñ 2.6 mmol/L (XñSD) (p<0.05), ABC 13 ñ 2.4 y 11.3 ñ 2.9 mmol/L/h (p<0.05) con ingestión rápida y lenta respectivamente. En los individuos sanos no hubo diferencia entre las pruebas. La ingestión lenta de las comidas podría ser recomendable en los pacientes con DMNID.

Effect of sulphonylurea therapy on insulin sensitivity in non insulin dependent diabetics.

Insulin tolerance test was done to assess the insulin sensitivity in a group of untreated non insulin dependent diabetic subjects before and after sulfonylurea (tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glipizide) therapy. The parameters studied were KITT, slope of the blood glucose fall, summation values, and area under the curve of glucose response. All the three commonly used sulphonylurea drugs improved insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks of therapy.