Fetal malnutrition assessment program / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the application of ponderal index (PI), body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference/head circumference (MAC/HC), and Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status (CANS) score in assessing the nutritional status of neonates at birth, and to find a simple and reliable scheme for the assessment of fetal nutritional status.@*METHODS@#PI, BMI, MAC/HC, and CANS were used to assess the nutritional status of full-term infants and preterm infants shortly after birth. The assessment results of these methods were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 678 full-term infants, 61, 102, 47, and 131 were diagnosed with malnutrition by PI, BMI, MAC/HC, and CANS respectively. Among the 140 preterm infants, 30, 87, 9, and 112 were diagnosed with malnutrition by PI, BMI, MAC/HC, and CANS respectively. The combination of BMI and CANS had a detection rate of 99.3% in full-term infants and 100% in preterm infants. Compared with the single method, the combination significantly improved the detection rate of malnutrition (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The combination of BMI+CANS can reduce the rate of missed diagnosis of fetal malnutrition. It is therefore a simple and reliable method for the assessment of fetal malnutrition.

Detection of fetal malnutrition using “CAN score”.

Objective. Use of clinical assessment of nutrition status (CAN) score to assess the prevalence of fetal malnutrition among term newborns and to compare other anthropometric criteria used to assess fetal growth. Methods. Prospective study of 529 term healthy newborns assessed using CAN score .Complete anthropometric assessment and determination of weight for gestation was done. Using CAN score as a standard, the usefulness of birth weight, weight for gestation, length, head circumference (HC), mid arm circumference (MAC), MAC/HC ratio and Ponderal index to assess fetal nutrition was determined. Results. With a cut off value of 25, CAN score identified 148 (27.97%) malnourished neonates. 4% of appropriate for gestational age neonate were malnourished and 42.9 % of small for gestational age neonates were well nourished. When CAN score was taken as a standard, weight for gestation and MAC/HC had the highest sensitivity to identify malnourished neonates (92.5% & 90.5%). Conclusion. CAN score identifies malnourished neonates which can be missed by other methods and identifies well nourished neonates classified as growth retarded by other methods.

Comparison between CANSCORE and other anthropometric indicators in fetal malnutrition.

OBJECTIVE: Early detection of malnutrition in newborn babies is of major importance in order to prevent associated serious sequelae. Main objective of the study was to compare various anthropometric methods with Clinical assessment of nutritional status score (CANSCORE) in assessing fetal malnutrition. METHODS: Subjects were consecutive, live, singleton, full term neonates delivered in the hospital. The mean weight, chest circumference, mid arm circumference, and Ponderal index of babies and CANSCORE described by Metcoff were assessed and compared. RESULTS: A total of 442 term singleton live born neonates were assessed. They consisted of 228 [51.6%] males and 214 [48.4%] females. Eighty-three [18.8%] of the 442 babies had fetal FM. The mean weight, mid arm circumference, and Ponderal index of babies with FM were significantly lower than those of babies without FM (p < 0.0001). Though the mean head circumference and the length of the babies with FM were also lower, the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.50 and 0.79 respectively). However, using intrauterine growth standard alone, 41 (49.4%) of the 83 babies with fetal malnutrition would have been missed while Ponderal Index would also have missed 51 (61.4%) of the babies with FM. CONCLUSION: CANSCORE is likely to be very useful in the routine screening of babies for anticipatory care.

Medidas e índices antropométricos de recém-nascidos a termo com peso insuficiente / Anthropometric measures and indices of the term newborns weighing insufficient

Introdução: O recém-nascido de termo com peso insuficiente (2500 - 2999 g) apresenta fatores de risco para restrição do crescimento fetal, mas sua condição nutricional ao nascimento é pouco conhecida. Objetivos: Investigar se as medidas e índices antropométricos de recém-nascidos de termo com peso insuficiente mostram comprometimento do crescimento intra-uterino e avaliar sua utilidade como complementação da avaliação nutricional ao nascimento. Método: Estudo observacional, prospectivo, de corte transversal, no Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba, incluindo 247 recém-nascidos de termo distribuídos em 3 grupos, conforme o peso de nascimento: grupo I Peso insuficiente (2500 a 2999g; n igual 106), grupo II Baixo peso (menor que 2500g; n igual 39) e grupo III Controle (3000-3500g, n igual 102). Foram avaliados medidas e índices antropométricos maternos e neonatais. Análise estatística: univariada e multivariada com modelos de regressão linear simples e múltipla, com significância em 5%. Resultados: Os parâmetros antropométricos maternos pré-gestacionais não se associaram com os dados antropométricos neonatais. Não houve correlação entre IMC materno e neonatal nos 3 grupos. A antropometria neonatal (peso; comprimento; perímetros cefálico, torácico e braquial; espessura de prega cutânea; perímetro braquial/perímetro cefálico; peso/ comprimento; perímetro cefálico/ comprimento; índice ponderalde Rohrer; IMC; área do braço; área muscular e de gordura do braço) diferiu nos 3 grupos, sendo GIII maior que GI maior que GII. A idade gestacional influenciou as medidas que refletem a incorporação fetal de músculo: perímetro braquial, área do braço e área muscular do braço, e não influenciou as medidas que traduzem depósito de gordura subcutânea, nem os índices de proporcionalidade corporal. A relação perímetro braquial/perímetro cefálico do grupo de peso insuficiente foi semelhante ao de baixo peso e diferente do controle...

Fatores de risco para ocorrência de restrição do ganho de peso extra-uterino de prematuros de muito baixo peso ao nascer / Risk factors for in-hospital undernutrition in preterm very low birthweight infants

A desnutrição em recém-nascidos prematuros de muito baixo peso ao nascer (MBPN) é um fenômeno universal e vem aumentando nas últimas décadas. A restrição do crescimento extra-uterino (RCEU) é um importante indicador do estado nutricional nestes pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores de risco para RCEU durante a internação hospitalar. Foi realizado estudo de coorte retrospectiva que incluiu 188 recém-nascidos MBPN adequados para idade gestacional (AIG), no período de 2002 a 2004. A análise constituiu-se em um modelo de regressão linear longitudinal de efeitos mistos, sendo observada a diferença na taxa de variação do peso para crianças com e sem RCEU na alta hospitalar. Oitenta e sete (46%) dos recém-nascidos incluídos no estudo apresentaram RCEU na alta hospitalar. Influenciaram a taxa de variação do peso ao longo da internação hospitalar: o menor peso ao nascer, sexo masculino, menor Apgar de 50 minutos, o maior escore CRIB; persistência do canal arterial, doença metabólica óssea, hemorragia intracraniana, displasia broncopulmonar e sepse. O maior tempo em oxigenioterapia, as transfusões sanguíneas, o uso de diurético, o maior tempo para atingir dieta plena e de uso de nutrição parenteral também foram preditores do crescimento. A desnutrição de recém-nascidos prematuros MBPN nas Unidades Neonatais é um problema freqüente e influenciado tanto pelo cuidado neonatal quanto pelas características individuais de cada criança.

Undernutrition in preterm very low birth weight infants is a major problem andit has been raising during the past decades. Posnatal weight gain restriction (PWGR) is an important nutritional indicator in these patients. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for PWGR during hospitalization. A retrospective cohort study was done and included 188 very low birth weight preterm and adequate for gestationalage infants, during 2002-2004. The analysis included longitudinal linear regression modeling, considering weight variation among children with and without PWGR at discharge. Eighty seven (46%) infants had PWGR at discharge. The following variables influenced (negative) weight variation during hospitalization: lower birthweight, sex, lower 5th minute Apgar, higher CRIB score, persistent ductus arteriosus, metabolic bone disease, intracranial hemorrhage, broncopulmonary dysplasia and sepsis. The longer oxygen exposure time, blood transfusions, diuretic use, the longer time to achieve enteral full feeding and of use of parenteral nutrition were also important growth predictors. Undernutrition among very low birth weight preterm infants is a frequent problem; it is influenced by neonatal care but also, by individual characteristics.