Analysis and interventions of common sports injuries in college basketball players / Análise e intervenções dos acidentes esportivos comuns em universitários jogadores de basquete / Análisis e intervenciones de accidentes deportivos comunes en jugadores de baloncesto universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction As college basketball continues to develop, more and more college students are joining the sport, and the resulting sports injuries have also gradually increased, affecting the quality of life and academic performance. Objective Analyze the most common sports injuries and offer solutions for the safe practice of college basketball. Methods This article studies, through interviews and literature review, the basketball injuries of college students, analyze the main causes of sports injuries, and presents corresponding countermeasures to promote the safe development of sports education in colleges. Results The main injuries were during training, excessive force, and inadequate preparation. Deficient muscle work is also associated with most of these injuries. Conclusion Basketball is highly competitive and popular on college campuses. It is a sport that can exercise and enrich the extracurricular life of college students, requiring from its practitioners greater attention in the pre-training warm-up phase and parallel muscle strengthening to reduce its major injuries in college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes

RESUMO Introdução Com o desenvolvimento contínuo do basquetebol universitário, cada vez mais estudantes universitários aderem ao esporte e as lesões esportivas resultantes também tem aumentado gradualmente, afetando a qualidade de vida e o desempenho nos estudos. Objetivo Analisar as lesões esportivas mais comuns e oferecer soluções visando a prática segura do basquetebol universitário. Métodos Este artigo estuda por meio de entrevistas e revisão literária as lesões no basquetebol dos estudantes universitários, analisa as principais causas das lesões no esporte e apresenta as contramedidas correspondentes para promover o desenvolvimento seguro do ensino esportivo em faculdades. Resultados As principais lesões encontradas foram durante o treino, excesso de força e preparo inadequado. O trabalho muscular deficitário também está associado a maior parte dessas lesões. Conclusão O basquetebol é um esporte altamente competitivo, muito popular nos campi universitários. É um esporte que pode exercitar e enriquecer a vida extracurricular dos estudantes universitários, requerendo de seus praticantes uma maior atenção na fase de aquecimento pré-treino e fortalecimento muscular paralelo para redução das suas principais lesões em universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Con el continuo desarrollo del baloncesto universitario, cada vez más estudiantes universitarios se incorporan a este deporte y las lesiones deportivas resultantes también han aumentado gradualmente, afectando a la calidad de vida y al rendimiento en los estudios. Objetivo Analizar las lesiones deportivas más comunes y ofrecer soluciones orientadas a la práctica segura del baloncesto universitario. Métodos Este artículo estudia, mediante entrevistas y revisión de la literatura, las lesiones de baloncesto de los estudiantes universitarios, analiza las principales causas de las lesiones deportivas y presenta las correspondientes contramedidas para promover el desarrollo seguro de la enseñanza deportiva en los colegios. Resultados Las principales lesiones encontradas fueron durante el entrenamiento, la fuerza excesiva y la preparación inadecuada. El trabajo muscular deficiente también está asociado a la mayoría de estas lesiones. Conclusión El baloncesto es un deporte altamente competitivo, muy popular en los campus universitarios. Es un deporte que puede ejercitar y enriquecer la vida extraescolar de los universitarios, requiriendo de sus practicantes una mayor atención en la fase de calentamiento previo al entrenamiento y el fortalecimiento muscular paralelo para reducir sus principales lesiones en los universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Lesiones de cadera relacionadas con la actividad deportiva / Sports-Related Hip Injuries

Introducción: Las lesiones de la cadera relacionadas con las actividades deportivas han sido poco abordadas; sin embargo, han ido en aumento y su diagnóstico suele ser difícil o retardado. Incluyen múltiples afecciones y su recuperación suele ser larga. Objetivo: Actualizar conocimientos sobre algunas de las afecciones deportivas que afectan la cadera. Métodos: Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sistemática y detallada sobre el tema, para lo cual se emplearon métodos teóricos, analítico-sintético, histórico-lógico e inductivo-deductivo y el análisis documental como método empírico. Se hizo una búsqueda sistemática sobre la temática en las bases de datos PubMed, Medscape y Google Academics desde junio de 2016 hasta la fecha. Se revisaron 500 artículos referentes al tema, de los cuales se seleccionaron 45 artículos para este trabajo. Análisis y síntesis de la información: Las lesiones de la cadera relacionadas con el deporte ocurren entre 5 y 9 por ciento de atletas adultos. Las actividades con movimientos rápidos, aceleraciones, desaceleraciones, y los cambios direccionales son la principal causa de tales lesiones. Provocan daños corporales provocados por una transferencia de energía, que excede la capacidad para mantener la estructura y/o la función íntegra, durante el entrenamiento o competición. Conclusiones: Las lesiones de la cadera relacionadas con el deporte pueden ser múltiples y son responsables de dolor en un gran número de atletas, fundamentalmente en el fútbol, la gimnasia y el beisbol. El diagnóstico precoz es fundamental para evitar la progresión de la lesión. Las mejoras en el diagnóstico radiológico y las posibilidades del uso de la artroscopia han mejorado la evolución y el pronóstico para los atletas(AU)

Introduction: Sports injuries of the hip have been little addressed; however, they have been increasing and their diagnosis is often difficult or delayed. They include multiple conditions and their recovery is usually long. Objective: To bring up to date knowledge on some of the sports conditions that affect the hip, which is particularly important to improve medical care. Methods: A systematic and detailed bibliographic review is carried out on the subject, for which theoretical, analytical-synthetic, historical-logical and inductive-deductive methods were used, as well as documentary analysis as an empirical method. A systematic search on the subject was carried out in PubMed, Medscape and Google Academics databases from June 2016 to date. Five hundred articles referring to the topic were reviewed. Forty-five articles the total were selected for this paper. Analysis and synthesis of the information: Sports-related hip injuries occur between 5 and 9 percent of adult athletes. Activities with rapid movements, accelerations, decelerations, and directional changes are the main cause of such injuries. They cause bodily harm produced by a transfer of energy, which exceeds the capacity to maintain the entire structure and, or function, during training or competition. Conclusions: Sports injuries of the hip can be multiple and are responsible for pain in a large number of athletes, mainly in soccer, gymnastics and baseball. Early diagnosis is essential to avoid progression of the lesion. Improvements in radiological diagnosis and the possibilities of the use of arthroscopy have improved the evolution and prognosis for athletes(AU)

Triathlon-related musculoskeletal injuries: a study on a Portuguese Triathlon Championship

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: A triathlon consists of 3 modalities: swimming, cycling and running. Its higher training frequency, the environmental factors and extrinsic factors (technique and equipment) may lead to injuries. This study aimed to determine injury epidemiology in triathletes, as well as their type, location, mechanism of injury, and risk factors. METHODS: The sample was constituted of 174 triathletes who participated in the Triathlon Club Portuguese Championship, being 131 (75.3%) male, aged 18 to 70 years old (36.09±11.03). The measurement instrument was a questionnaire concerning the characterization of the population and aspects related to the modality and injuries. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty (69%) athletes reported one injury since the beginning of their practice, and 95 (54.6%) had an injury in the previous year, with a total of 130 injuries. There were 2.39 injuries per 1,000 hours of triathlon training. The most common injuries were muscle contusion (31.5%) and inflammatory injuries (19.2%), located in the knee (22.3%) and the leg (18.5%). Overtraining (43.1%) was the mechanism that led to the highest occurrence of injuries. Fourteen (10.8%) injuries occurred during swimming, 23 (17.7%) during cycling, and 93 (71.5%) during running. No statistical significance was observed between the risk factors analyzed and the occurrence of injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Triathlon practice is associated with a high prevalence of injuries, being contusions, knee, and overtraining the most common type, location, and mechanism of injury respectively. It is necessary to create injury prevention strategies, including specific training and suitable materials for use by athletes.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: O triatlo é constituído por três modalidades: natação, ciclismo e corrida. Uma maior frequência de treinamento, fatores ambientais e fatores extrínsecos (técnica e equipamento) podem levar a lesões. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a epidemiologia de lesões em triatletas, bem como seu tipo, localização, mecanismo de lesão e fatores de risco. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída por 174 triatletas que participaram do Campeonato Português de Clubes de Triatlo, sendo 131 (75,3%) do sexo masculino, com idades entre 18 e 70 anos (36,09 ± 11,03). O instrumento de medida foi um questionário referente à caracterização da população e aspectos relacionados à modalidade e lesões. RESULTADOS: Cento e vinte (69%) atletas referiram ter tido uma lesão desde que iniciaram a sua prática e 95 (54,6%) sofreram uma lesão no último ano, totalizando 130 lesões. Verificaram-se 2,39 lesões por 1.000 horas de treinamento em triatlo. As lesões mais comuns incluíram contusão muscular (31,5%) e lesões inflamatórias (19,2%), localizadas no joelho (22,3%) e na perna (18,5%). O excesso de treinamento (43,1%) foi o mecanismo que levou à maior ocorrência de lesões. Quatorze (10,8%) lesões ocorreram durante a prática de natação, 23 (17,7%) durante o ciclismo e 93 (71,5%) durante a corrida. Não foi observada significância estatística entre os fatores de risco analisados com a ocorrência de lesões. CONCLUSÕES: A prática de triatlo esteve associada a uma alta prevalência de lesões, sendo a contusão, o joelho e o excesso de treinamento, o tipo, a localização e o mecanismo mais comuns de lesão. É necessário criar estratégias de prevenção de lesões, incluindo treinamento específico e adequação do material utilizado pelo atleta.

Odontología en el deporte: ¿sólo un protector bucal?: [Editorial] / Sports dentistry: just a mouthguard deal?: [Editorial]

Muchas veces se interpreta que entre los odontólogos y los deportistas media sólo un protector bucal. Hoy se considera que la odontología es tan importante como la nutrición y la psicología, las cuales integran el equipo médico de entidades deportivas, sobre todo en los ámbitos de alto rendimiento y profesionalismo. La odontología que se practica a los deportistas no difiere de la que se presta a cualquier otro paciente. Las prácticas odontológicas dependen, en todo caso, de las características propias de esa población, las que determinan una atención diferenciada o adaptada. Nuestra tarea abarca la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de las distintas patologías y lesiones. La actuación en el área de la atención primaria de la salud nos conecta con deportistas, lo cual aporta experiencias que guían nuestras acciones. En cuanto a los protectores bucales, necesarios en los deportes de contacto, existen diferentes tipos, espesores y características que se adaptan al deporte en cuestión y a la edad de quien lo practica; y también existen diferentes procedimientos para su confección. Por todo esto, debemos apuntar a que los pacientes acudan a nosotros, en lugar de adquirir directamente en los comercios los dispositivos que pueden no ser apropiados.

Many times, it is believed that a mouthguard is all thatseparates athletes from dentists. Dentistry is nowadays consideredto play an important role in medical support of high performance sport teams as well as nutrition or psychologyand more so in professional practice. Dental care providedto athletes is obviously not different from that performed inregular patients.The difference is given by the distinctive features presentedby them, which will require treatment adapted to their specialneeds. As dentists, we also know that our work includesprevention, diagnosis and subsequent treatment of differentlesions and pathologies. Since our field of action is withinprimary health care, an initial consultation with the athletewill provide the information that will guide our counseling, treatment, and regular controls. Regarding physical contact sports where a mouthguard might be indicated, differenttypes, thicknesses and materials are available as well as different processing techniques. All of these possibilities can beused to motivate athletes for dental consultation leading themto avoid standard devices that are sold in sport stores.

Luxación de tobillo sin fractura asociada: caso clínico y nueva clasificación / Luxation de cheville sans fracture associée: cas clinique, nouvelle classification / Ankle dislocation with no associated fracture: a case and new classification

La luxación cerrada sin fractura asociada de tobillo es una entidad extremadamente rara. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 35 años que se lesionó mientras jugaba fútbol. El tratamiento consistió en reducción cerrada seguido de inmovilización con una botina de yeso durante 6 semanas y descarga de la extremidad las primeras 10 semanas. A los 12 meses de seguimiento, el paciente había retomado la práctica deportiva con un rango de movimiento completo. Se revisó la bibliografía existente y se propone una nueva clasificación(AU)

Closed dislocation of ankle with no associated fracture is an extremely rare entity. A case of 35 year-old man who was injured while playing soccer is presented. The treatment consists of closed reduction followed by immobilization with a walking cast for 6 weeks and unloading of the injured extremity the first 10 weeks. At 12 months follow-up, the patient had reinitiated sport at full range of motion. The literature was reviewed and a new classification is proposed(AU)

La luxation fermée de cheville sans fracture associée est une affection très rare. Le cas d’un homme (35 ans) lésé en jouant au football est présenté. Le traitement a consisté en réduction fermée, suivie d’immobilisation par botte plâtrée pendant 6 semaines, et mise en décharge du membre inférieur les dix premières semaines. Douze mois après, le patient a repris la pratique sportive en un rang de mouvement complet. On a fait une revue de la littérature, et on propose une nouvelle classification(AU)

comparative study on shoulder rotational strength, range of motion and proprioception between the throwing athletes and non-athletic persons

The repetitive micro traumatic stresses placed on the athletes shoulder joint complex during the throwing motion challenge the surrounding tissues. The purpose of this study was to compare shoulder rotational strength, range of motion and proprioception between the throwing athletes and non-athletic persons. Fifteen throwing athletes and 15 non-athletes participated in a nonrandom case - control study. Strength of shoulder rotational movements was tested with a hand held dynamometer. The ranges of internal and external rotation of shoulder were measured by a standard goniometer. The ability of subjects to replicate the target position and kinesthetic sense was examined on the subjects' right shoulder by using a continuous passive motion device. Independent and paired t tests were used to statistically analyze between and within group differences. No significant difference was detected on the range of internal rotation between throwing athletes and non-athletic candidates [P=0.3]. The range of external rotation was significantly more in athletic subjects [P=0.03]. The results also showed that throwing athletes demonstrated a significantly higher isometric strength of shoulder external and internal rotation than the nonathletic group [P<0.05]. However, the comparison of the internal and external rotation strength of dominant side in each group showed that throwing athletes showed a significant lower isometric strength of shoulder external rotation than internal rotation [P<0.001]. It was also demonstrated higher joint position acuity in the throwing athletes than non athlete subjects [P=0.01]. The repetitive nature of overhead throwing and the high forces that it causes result in adaptive changes of the dominant extremity. Throwing can lead to mobility, strength and neural adaptation

Risk factors associated with facial fractures

The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for facial fractures in patients treated in the emergency department of a hospital. The medical charts of 1121 patients treated in an emergency ward over a three-year period were analyzed. The independent variables were gender, age, place of residence (urban or rural area) and type of accident. The dependent variables were fractured mandible, zygoma, maxilla, nasal bone and more than one fractured facial bone. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test (a < 0.05), univariate and multivariate Poisson distributions and the logistic regression analysis (p < 0.20). Maxillofacial trauma was recorded in 790 charts (70.5%), with 393 (35.1%) charts reporting facial fractures. Motorcycle accidents were found to be the main risk factor for mandibular fractures (PR = 1.576, CI = 1.402-1.772) and simultaneous fractures of more than one facial bone (OR = 4.625, CI = 1.888-11.329) as well as the only risk factor for maxillary bone fractures (OR = 11.032, CI = 5.294-22.989). Fractures of the zygomatic and nasal bones were mainly associated with accidents involving animals (PR = 1.206, CI = 1.104-1.317) and sports (OR = 8.710, CI = 4.006-18.936), respectively. The determinant for the majority of facial fractures was motorcycle accidents, followed by accidents involving animals and sports.

Associação entre discinesia escapular e dor no ombro de praticantes de natação / Association between scapular dyskinesia and shoulder pain in swimmers

A escápula possui funções essenciais no ombro do atleta de arremesso. Qualquer desequilíbrio presente entre as estruturas responsáveis pela sua estabilidade originará uma condição denominada discinesia escapular, a qual é comumente acompanhada de dor no ombro. Este estudo tem o objetivo de verificar se há associação entre a discinesia escapular e a dor no ombro de praticantes de natação. Foi realizado um estudo analítico observacional de corte transversal, incluindo 36 praticantes de natação do sexo masculino, com idade de 18 a 36 anos. Como métodos diagnósticos sugestivos de discinesia escapular foram utilizados o Slide Lateral Scapular Test e a filmagem proposta por Kibler. A existência de proporções significativas entre as variáveis nominais foi comprovada pelo teste do qui-quadrado ou pelo teste exato de Fisher. Para identificar associações entre as variáveis contínuas e os grupos de estudo foi utilizado o teste t de Student. Um p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante. O grau de concordância interexaminador (Kappa; p < 0,0001) foi considerado substancial, correspondendo a 86,1 por cento (0,7656) no ombro direito e 83,3 por cento (0,6412) no esquerdo. Constatou-se que a grande maioria (80 por cento) dos indivíduos que apresentaram positividade no Slide Lateral Scapular Test relatou dor no ombro. Dentre os nadadores que apresentaram discinesia escapular durante a filmagem, em 70,8 por cento também foi constatada a presença dessa condição no teste estático. Este é um estudo original no que diz respeito à abordagem da discinesia escapular em nadadores e em relacioná-la com a presença de dor no ombro. Porém, a hipótese inicial de que haveria uma associação significante não foi correspondida.

The scapula plays an essential role in the throwing motion performed by athletes. Scapular dyskinesia is a condition characterized by imbalance in the structures responsible for the joint stability, which is often accompanied by shoulder pain. The main objective of this study is to assess the relationship between scapular dyskinesia and shoulder pain in swimmers. A total of 36 male swimmers aged between 18 and 36 years were diagnosed for scapular dyskinesia utilizing two different methods: the Lateral Slide Scapular Test and the video recording method suggested by Kibler. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Comparisons between groups were performed using the t-test. The degree of p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Significance was set at á=0.05. There was a high inter-rate reliability concerning the video analysis (Kappa; p<0.0001), corresponding to 86.1 percent (0.7656) on the right shoulder and 83.3 percent (0.6412) on the left shoulder. The majority of the individuals that had positive diagnosis assessed by the Lateral Slide Scapular Test (80 percent) reported pain on the shoulder. Furthermore, 70.8 percent of the subjects who had positive diagnosis by the video recording also had positive diagnosis in the static test. Although a significant association between scapular dyskinesia and shoulder pain was not found, this is an important study to approach these conditions in swimmers.

Análisis de condicionantes físicas influyentes en el rendimiento o posibles lesiones durante partidos oficiales de cadetes en un club profesional de fútbol Chileno / Physical determiners that could generate alterations in the perfomance or a possible injury in cadets players during official football games

Propósito: El fútbol es un deporte de contacto con alto riesgo de lesión, que puede afectar al jugador, al equipo y la institución. Situación que adquiere mayor relevancia en el ámbito profesional, tanto en planteles de honor como en el área cadetes de un club. A nivel nacional, el comportamiento de las lesiones en divisiones menores ha sido escasamente descrito. El propósito del estudio fue establecer condicionantes físicas que pudieran generar alteraciones en el rendimiento o una posible lesión en jugadores cadetes durante partidos oficiales de fútbol. Además, identificar zonas anatómicas más afectadas y la relación entre éstas condicionantes con la posición de juego. Diseño y muestra: Se registraron todos los incidentes de orden físico que requirieran atención por parte de los jugadores de 4 categorías (Sub 15, Sub 16, Sub 17 y Juvenil), en 293 partidos oficiales correspondientes aproximadamente al 50 por ciento de los encuentros desde el 2003 al 2007. Resultados: Las EEII fueron las más afectadas con un 60 por ciento, los incidentes físicos relativos al sistema osteoarticular concentraron el 50 por ciento de las atenciones, las contusiones fueron la principal situación de atención con un 47 por ciento. Defensas y volantes presentaron mayor porcentaje de incidentes con 37por ciento y 32 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las EEII son las zonas anatómicas más afectadas, las contusiones fueron la principal causal de solicitud de atención. Defensas y volantes registraron mayor porcentaje de incidentes físicos durante partidos oficiales.

Purpose: Football for being a sport of contact has an important risk of injury and could affect the team and the Institution. This situation acquires major relevancy in the professional area, both in the staffs of honor and in the cadets of a club. The purpose of the study was to establish physical determiners, that could generate alterations in the performance or a possible injury in cadets players during official football games. In addition, to identify the most affected anatomical zones well as the relation among these determiners and game position. Design and sample: We registered physical incidents that needed the attention of 4 categories (Sub 15, Sub 16, Sub 17 and young), in 293 official games ,corresponding approximately to 50 percent of the meetings from 2003 to 2007. Results: The IIEE were most affected in a 60 percent, the physical incidences relative to the osteoarticular system concentrated 50 percent of the attentions, the contusions were the principal situation of attentions with 47 percent, defenses and midfielders obtained major percentages of incidents with 37 percent and 32 percent respectively. Conclusions: The IIEE are the most affected anatomical zones, the contusions were the principal grounds of request of attention. Defenses and midfielders registered major percentages of physical incidents during official games.

Relación entre flexibilidad y fuerza muscular en isquiotibiales y su incidencia en lesiones musculares en jóvenes futbolistas / Relationship between flexibility and muscular strength and its incidence of hamstrings muscular injuries in young football players

Dentro de las lesiones en deportistas, las de tipo muscular corresponden al grupo de mayor frecuencia, sobre todo en futbolistas. Los isqulotibiales (IQT) son uno de los grupos musculares con mayor predisposición e incidencia de lesiones por sus características propias. Los factores de riesgo y mecanismos de lesión asociados a dicha injuria son numerosos, por In que se estima necesario jerarquizarlos con el fin de prevenir y disminuir la tasa de este tipo de lesiones. El objetivo de este estudio es asociar el factor fuerza, flexibilidad muscular o ambos, a la incidencia de lesiones musculares en IQT en futbolistas jóvenes, para intentar determinar cual de los dos prepondera sobre el otro. Para esto se realizó un estudio de tipo no experimental, longitudinal y prospectivo. La muestra (N=35) pertenece a las divisiones de fútbol joven del Club de Deportes Cobresal. Se evaluó: fuerza muscular de IQT (método dinámico de Delorme), flexibilidad pasiva (Test SLR) y flexibilidad activa (Test de AKE). Todas las mediciones fueron realizadas en ambas EEII. Tras un seguimiento post 6 meses en su temporada regular, se constataron las distintas lesiones musculares que aparecieron en este periodo. Utilizando t-student, se busca determinar la existencia de diferencias en ambos factores en relación a los futbolistas sanos y lesionados. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que no existe relación alguna entre flexibilidad adecuada y la prevención de lesiones musculares en IQT de futbolistas jóvenes. Sin embargo, se observa una leve tendencia en los jugadores lesionados a presentar mayores valores de flexibilidad en ambos tests (AKE y SLR) con mayor influencia en el componente activo.

In the sportsmen injuries, those of muscular type correspond to the group of major frequency, especially in football players. The hamstrings, because of its own characteristics, are ones of the muscular groups with more predisposition to injuries and incidence. The risk factors and injury mechanisms associated with the above mentioned damage are several, for what it is necessary to rank them in order to prevent and reduce the rate of this type of injuries. The objective of this study is to associate the force factor, muscular flexibility or both to the incidence of hamstring muscular injuries in young football players, to try to determine which one prevails on the other one. Therefore, a non experimental, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out. The sample (N=35) belongs to the young football divisions of Club Deportes Cobresal. It was evaluated: hamstring muscular force (Delorme’s dynamic method), passive flexibility (Test SLR) and active flexibility (AKE’s Test). All the measurements were performed in both EEII. After a follow-up of 6 months in its regular season, the different muscular injuries appeared in this period was stated. To determine the existence of differences in both factors related to healthy and injured football players, the t-Student was carried out. The obtained results demonstrate that there is no relation between adequate flexibility and the muscular injuries prevention in hamstring of young football players. However, a slight trend is observed in the injured players to show more flexibility values in both tests (AKE and SLR) with more influence in the active component.

Los desgarros del manguito rotador en atletas / Rotator cuff injuries in athletes

La patología del hombro en deportistas de uso dominante del miembro superior son tan habituales como problemáticas, y las lesiones del manguito rotador, especialmente del supraespinoso son las más frecuentes, abarcando desde tendinopatías, desgarros parciales y desgarros completos. Los factores predisponentes en general son la inadecuada utilización del hombro junto con disbalances musculares sometidos a microtraumas o macrotraumas, y en deportistas de mediana edad se agrega el estado degenerativo del manguito rotador. En este trabajo se abordan estas lesiones para comprender su fisiopatología, cuadro clínico, estudios complementarios, y las opciones de tratamiento.

Síndrome do Overtraining / Overtraining syndrome

Os autores fazem uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da etiologia, quadro clínico, critérios diagnósticos e, principalmente, prevenção e tentativas de tratamento da síndrome do overtraining.

In this paper, the authors review the literature regarding to ethiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria and particularly the prevention and the methods of treatment of the overtraining syndrome.

Diagnóstico e tratamento das lesöes musculares parciais e totais / Diagnosis and treatment of partial and total muscular injuries

No período de 15 anos, 18.095 pacientes foram cadastrados na clínica privada, Centro Médico Esportivo Sao Francisco da Penitência e no Serviço Médico do Fluminense Football Clube. Observamos que, entre os 18.095 pacientes tratados, 10.719 (59,23 por cento) foram diagnosticados com lesoes esportivas e 2.670 (24 por cento), portadores de lesoes musculares. Apresentamos os meios de diagnóstico, que sao baseados na observaçao clínica evolutiva de atletas de alto nível, com minucioso registro diário e na escolha de exames complementares para orientaçao do tratamento conservador ou cirúrgico.

Lesöes oculares no esporte / Ocular injuries in sport

O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar a literatura sobre o tema lesöes oculares na prática esportiva. Neste aspecto säo abordados a prevalência das lesöes no esporte, os tipos de lesöes mais comuns, os esportes que mais lesionam o globo ocular, os mecanismos de trauma, as lesöes mais comuns em cada esporte e os protetores oculares. Esta revisäo permitiu observar a alta prevalência e o importante grau de severidade das lesöes oculares no esporte. Os protetores oculares säo método importante de prevençäo dessas lesöes e seu uso deveria ser popularizado

Study of shoulder injuries in athletes

227 male players sharing in different types of sports were examined as regards the shoulder girdle region, the types of injuries and duration of sport participation. It was found that the incidence of shoulder injuries in all players examined was [22.47%] and shoulder affection was common among weight lifters and wrestlers. It was also found that the commonest injuries encountered frequently among players were, respectively, rotator cuff lesion [19.60%], impingement syndrome [15.68%], anterior subluxation of the glenohumeral joint [13.7%], then anterior dislocation, bicipital tendinitis and pectorolis major lesion all had the some percentage [9.80%]

Prevalence of sport injuries among Mansoura athletes

This study was carried out in the sport medical centre at Mansoura Stadium, 832 athletes attended this centre for medical care. Out of them 99 athletes were injured during a period of 6 month. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of sport injuries in each type of selected sport and to know the effect of age, occupation, income, duration of training, frequency of practice, condition of playgrounds and use of protective devices on occurrence of sport injuries. Also to detect any relationship between the type of injury and the type effect of management, which was applied to the cases. The result showed that the commonest injuries were among footballers [40.4%]. The commonest type of injury was joint lesion [51.51%]. There was a significant relationship between duration of training and number of injuries. Most cases were managed by conservative treatment and skin lesions carried the best prognosis