A U-shaped Association between Body Mass Index and Psychological Distress on the Multiphasic Personality Inventory: Retrospective Cross-sectional Analysis of 19-year-old Men in Korea

Objective personality tests, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), might be more sensitive to reflect subclinical personality and be more state-dependent in an individual's lifetime, so they are good scales to predict the psychological distress regarding certain states. The aim of this study was to identify the specific pattern between body mass index (BMI) and psychological distress using the objective personality test. For this study, we investigated BMI and the Korean Military Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MPI). A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 19-yr-old examinees who were admitted to the Military Manpower Administration in Korea from February 2007 to January 2010. Of 1,088,107 examinees, we enrolled 771,408 subjects who were psychologically apparent healthy possible-military-service groups. Afterwards, we reviewed and analyzed directly measured BMI and MPI results. In terms of the validity scales, the faking-good subscale showed an inverted U-shaped association, and faking-bad and infrequency subscales showed a U-shaped association with BMI groups. In terms of the neurosis scales, all clinical subscales (anxiety, depression, somatization, and personality disorder) also showed a U-shaped association with BMI groups. For the psychopath scales, the schizophrenia subscale showed a U-shaped association, and the paranoia subscale showed a near-positive correlation with BMI. In conclusion, a specific U-shaped pattern was observed between BMI and the MPI in 19-yr-old men in Korea. Underweight and obesity are related to psychological distress, so supportive advice and education are needed to them.

Challenges Faced by Older Women in Botswana in Accessing Services that Address Sexual and Reproductive Health; and Family Planning Needs; in Botswana

Objective: This study explored the challenges that older women from selected sites in Botswana face in accessing services that address sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and family planning (FP) needs. Design; setting and subjects: Two rural and two urban health districts were randomly selected for the study. A statistically determined sample of 454 older women was allocated to the different districts (strata); using probability proportional to size. Outcome measures: The study estimated the percentage use of sexual and reproductive health services (including family planning services); unmet need for family planning and factors inhibiting use of these services. Results: The study revealed that 25 of the older women used some type of FP method. Of this number; 67.9 were aged 50-59 years; 17.4 60-69 years; 10.1 70-79 years; and 72 had unmet needs for FP. The older women used natural FP methods mainly. The main SRH services used by them were screening for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome; sexually transmitted infections and cervical cancer. Obstacles to accessing SRH and FP services were found to include illiteracy; lack of education; financial constraints; a perception that healthcare planners limited SRH needs to antenatal and obstetrical services; a cultural reluctance to discuss SRH in public and domestic issues.Conclusion: The study recommends comprehensive public health education for older women on human sexuality and fertility; contraceptive use; access to services; effective training programmes for healthcare providers on how to deal with older women's issues and better access to STI and cervical cancer screening services

Health survey of plant workers for an occupational exposure to ammonium perchlorate / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the occupational hazards of ammonium perchlorate dust on operating workers and to provide the basis preventive measures for protecting the workers' health.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>36 workers exposed to ammonium perchlorate dust and 48 unexposed workers from one factory were selected as the exposure and control groups. Investigations on the general condition, sampling of dust in the workplaces and a special medical examination were conducted for two groups, including occupational history, clinical manifestations, blood routine test, hepatic and renal functions, indexes of thyroid hormone, spirometric test and chest X-ray.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total dust concentration of AP in the batch plant reached to 51.63 ± 43.27 mg/m(3), exceeding the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permission exposure limits. The systolic blood pressure in the exposure group was higher than that of the control group (146.14 ± 21.03 VS 134.67 ± 18.58), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The detection rates of the cumulative total symptoms, short of breath and skin itch symptoms in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group (86.11% VS 66.67%; 30.56% VS 12.50%) (P < 0.05), respectively. FT(3) level in the exposure group significantly lowered than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01); The pulmonary function result showed that FEV1/FVC% in the exposure group was lower than that in the control group (106.50 ± 28.99 VS 111.70 ± 19.72), but the difference was not significant. X-ray examination revealed one case of pulmonary X-ray abnormalities in the exposure group, diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, and one case with about 1.0 × 1.0 small nodules detected on the left of lung door area in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The systolic blood pressure of workers in the exposure group was significantly higher, which could not exclude related to the exposure to AP dust; The T(3) levels in the exposure workers were lower than those in the control group, which may due to AP exposure, suggesting that long-term chronic exposure to AP dust may affect thyroid function.</p>

Clinical characteristics of the patients with occupational chronic carbon disulfide poisoning in a chemical fiber factory of Nanjing / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical characteristics of 267 cases with occupational chronic carbon disulfide (CS(2)) poisoning and to provide the basis for revising the items of periodical medical examination of workers occupationally exposed to CS(2).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The subjects of present study were 267 patients with mild CS(2) poisoning diagnosed according to "Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Chronic Carbon Disulfide Poisoning (GBZ4-2002)" from April in 2006 to May in 2010. All patients were from the same chemical fiber factory. When a subject was diagnosed as patient with CS(2) poisoning, who should interview with questionnaire which included the illness and occupational history, symptoms, individual habits. The physical examination, nervous test, cardiovascular test, biochemical test and electromyogram were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of decreased motor conduction velocity was 87.3% (233/267 roots). The highest detection rate of slowing conduction velocity was the common peroneal motor nerve which was 48.6% (138/248 roots) and the second was median motor nerve with delay rate of 37% (155/419 roots). The main symptoms of the patients were neurasthenia, numbness and paresthesia. The rates of abnormal achilles tendon reflex and knee jerk reflex in patients were were 79.4% and 49.8%, respectively. The detected rates of patients with ST-segment changes and hypertension were 19.1% and 27.5%, respectively. The rates of hypertension, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were 27.3%, 22.5% and 21.1%, respectively. The rates of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were high. The detected rates of urine acid, indirect bilirubin and total bilirubin in male patients were higher than those in female patients. In addition, the abnormal detected rate of urea nitrogen and indirect bilirubin increased with exposure years.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Occupational chronic CS(2) poisoning mainly affects the nervous system, as well as liver and kidney function. Detecting the median and common peroneal motor nerve conduction velocities could be the screening indicators for the peripheral nerve injury induced by CS(2) in the occupational exposure population during the periodical occupational medical examinations.</p>

Studing the health status of workers occupationally exposed to carbon disulfide / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of carbon disulfide (CS(2)) on the health of workers, and to provide the basis for the further preventive measures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The occupational health examination of 881 workers exposed to CS(2) in a chemical fiber factory was carried out according to the national technical standard of occupational health surveillance. The time weighted average concentrations (TWA) of CS(2) in the workshops of short silk and long silk exceeded the national standard, The workers in these two workshops served as the high exposure group. The workers of the other workshops were classified as low exposure group, in which TWA met the national standard. All exposed workers were also divided into long-term exposure group and short-term exposure group on the basis of average exposure years (16 years). The statistical analysis was used by t test, χ(2), and fisher exact test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The symptom rates of numbness, fatigue, dizziness, insomnia and headache were 12.5%, 8.5%, 8.2%, 7.5%, and 7.2% respectively. The abnormal rates of superficial sensation, three fibrillation, achilles tendon reflex, patellar reflex, EMG, hypertension, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein B were 33.0%, 26.1%, 20.8%, 18.6%, 10.8%, 33.4%, 24.5%, 17.0% and 9.3% respectively. Among the high exposure group, the abnormal detectable rates of dizziness, headache, fatigue, insomnia, numbness, achilles tendon reflex, superficial and deep sensation, EMG, hypertension, ECG, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein in long-term exposure group were significantly higher than those in short-term exposure group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). However, among the low exposure group, the abnormal rates of the insomnia achilles tendon reflex and superficial sensation in long term exposure group were significantly higher than those of short term exposure group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The detected rates of hypertension, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, creatinine and uric acid were in males significantly greater than those in females (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Long-term exposure to high concentrations of CS(2) could lead to the damage of nervous system, elevate blood pressure and promote the development and progression of hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, CS(2) had greater effects on blood pressure and lipid in males than in females.</p>

Exploration of screening scores for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the feasibility of screening for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) according to OSA-18,physical examination and electronic nasopharyngoscopy.@*METHOD@#Outpatients with snoring received questionnaire, physical examination and electronic nasopharyngoscopy in Pediatric Sleep Center of Beijing Children's Hospital from 2009.1 to 2009.12. All children were divided into OSAHS or non-OSAHS group based on the results of polysomnography (PSG). The material was compared between these two groups.@*RESULT@#The differences of age,tonsil scores, adenoid scores,total OSA-18 sores, the loudness of snoring scores, sleep asthma or suffocation scores, worrying lack of oxygen scores were significant (P < 0.05). And then put them into the logistic equation Y and make ROC analysis, if Y is higher than 0. 735, these children were more likely with OSAHS. The sensitivity was 62.7% and the specificity was 79.4%.@*CONCLUSION@#It is feasible to screen for pediatric OSAHS according to questionnaire, physical examination and electronic nasopharyngoscopy.

Early NPC detection through serologic risk stratification and clinical follow-up of high risk subjects / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) can be successfully treated by radiotherapy, if the tumor is confined to nasopharynx, but clinical onset is usually delayed to more advanced stages, when prognosis is poor. The objective is to determine efficacy of a new program for early NPC detection, which entails stratification of the NPC risk of target population according to serum levels of 3 Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) antibodies.@*METHOD@#The sera of 1373 healthy adult residents from Zhongshan were collected and analyzed in this study from Mar 16, 2007 to Dec 31, 2007. The levels of EBNA1/IgA, zta/IgG and EBNA1/IgG were tested by ELISA. To stratify the subjects of 1373 adults into high, moderate and normal NPC risk groups by regression analysis of the levels of the EBV antibody. The high-risk groups of nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk could be followed-up every 3-6 month.@*RESULT@#NPC risk of 1379 adults was stratified according to serum levels of the 3 EBV antibodies. Eleven (0.8%) were identified to be of high risk for NPC, having high levels of all three antibodies and/or IgA EBNA level > 3 rod. Clinical examination of high risk subjects detected 5 NPC cases, 3 cases detected in the first instance and 2 in follow-up examination 3 to 6 months hence. Three cases were diagnosed with UICC Stage I tumor (60%), one in the first instance and 2 in follow-up, and the 5 cases account for all NPC cases detected from the entire cohort over 28 months(100%).@*CONCLUSION@#The new program affords an efficient and efficacious means for early NPC detection.

La consulta por chequeo médico en adultos / Periodic health checkup in adult

La medicina preventiva clínica nos provee de los fundamentos para realizar un chequeo médico individual en forma sistemática y profesional. Las recomendaciones de la USPSTF son un referente a tener en cuenta porque, están construídas sobre evidencias, pero deben ser adaptadas a la epidemiología y a la cultura de donde proviene el consultante. Junto con las alteraciones biológicas (biomédicas), deben ser considerados los determinantes psico-sociales dentro de los factores de riesgo, ya que pueden ser tanto o más importante para la salud de las personas, que aquellos biológicos

Preventive medicine provide a unique perspective useful, to get effective and professional clinical screening. USPSTF provide important evidence based recommendations to be considered in clinical practice; but it should be adapted according local epidemiological conditions. The psychosocial perspective should be considered together with the biomedical approach in order to improve the screening effectiveness

Directiva sanitaria para la implementación de tamizaje de prueba rápida para VIH en mujeres en edad fértil en los servicios de planificación familiar / Healthcare Directive to implement rapid screening test for HIV in women of childbearing age in family planning services

La publicación define los procesos para la implementación de la orientación/consejería y tamizaje serológico mediante la prueba rápida para VIH en mujeres en edad fértil que acudan a los servicios de planificación familiar en los establecimientos del Ministerio de Salud, DISAs y DIRESAs

Implementación del tamizaje de prueba rápida para VIH en mujeres en edad fértil en los servicios de planificación familiar / Implementation of rapid screening for HIV in women of childbearing age in family planning services

La publicación define los procesos para la implementación de la orientación/consejería y tamizaje serológico mediante la prueba rápida para VIH en mujeres en edad fértil que acudan a los servicios de planificación familiar en los establecimientos del Ministerio de Salud, DISAs y DIRESAs.

Unconfirmed reactive screening tests and their impact on donor management

To determine the percentage of false positive testing for transfusion transmitted infections [TTIs] using immunochromatographic test [ICT] as first line of screening tests and its effect on loss of volunteer blood donors. Over a period of three months, samples from blood bags of donors undergoing phlebotomy at teaching hospital blood banks in Lahore were screened for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], hepatitis B [HBV] and hepatitis C [HCV] by immunochromatographic tests. Those found positive on initial screening were re-tested by ELISA method at the screening laboratory of the Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Service, Punjab. Lahore. Out of a total of 62090 voluntary blood donors, 469 donors were found to be initially reactive for either HIV, HBV or HCV. Amongst these 96 [0.15%] blood donors were found to have tested falsely positive for HIV, HBV or HCV as compared to testing by ELISA. False positive testing rate of 0.15% or 96 out of a total of 62090 donors is rather small in terms of loss of voluntary donors and appropriate utilization of available resources. Although immunochromatographic testing is not the gold standard, however it serves an important purpose of initial donor screening

Validación de la encuesta SCOFF para tamizaje de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en mujeres universitarias / Validation of the SCOFF questionnaire for screening of eating disorders in university women

Introducción. La prevalencia de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria ha aumentado en los últimos años, creando la necesidad de detectar precozmente los casos en poblaciones en riesgo. Objetivo. Determinar la consistencia interna, la reproducibilidad y la validez de criterio del cuestionario SCOFF (del acrónimo en inglés, sick, control, one, fat, food) en universitarias para el tamizaje de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de validación con muestreo transversal al azar de 385 estudiantes entre 1.587 elegibles de 6 facultades de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Se aplicó de manera independiente el cuestionario SCOFF y la entrevista diagnóstica internacional compuesta. Resultados. 149 (38,7 por ciento) estudiantes fueron positivos en la puntuación del cuestionario SCOFF para los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. La sensibilidad fue de 78,4 por ciento(IC95 por ciento, 64,3 por ciento-88,2 por ciento), la especificidad de 75,8 por ciento(IC95 por ciento, 68,9 por ciento-81,6 por ciento), el valor pronóstico positivo de 46,5 por ciento(IC95 por ciento, 35,8 por ciento-57,5 por ciento) y el valor pronóstico negativo de 92,9 por ciento(IC95 por ciento, 87,3 por ciento-96,2 por ciento). El área bajo la curva ROC fue de 0,823 (IC95 por ciento, 0,760-0,887), el alfa de Cronbach de 0,480 y la kappa media de Cohen de 0,433 (IC95 por ciento, 0,315-0,552). La concordancia prueba-reprueba fue de 91,6 por ciento(IC95 por ciento, 85,5 por ciento-95,7 por ciento). Conclusión. El cuestionario SCOFF parece ser una buena alternativa como instrumento de tamizaje para detectar los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en mujeres universitarias de Colombia, por su sencillez y rapidez de administración

Influência do volume de sangue no exame de hemocultura utilizando sistema automatizado em hospital de ensino / Influence of the volume of blood in the hemocultura examination using system automatized in hospital of education

A bacteriemia se tornou a principal infecção nosocomial na maioria dos centros e representa uma fonte formidável de morbidade e mortalidade. Em um breve estudo nós avaliamos o sistema automatizado BACTREC 9120 de cultura de sangue (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instruments, Sparks, Md.) e obtivemos 1,84 porcento de sinal falso positivo. O volume de sangue inoculado em 295 amostras (frascos BACTREC Plus Aerobic/F ou BACTREC Plus Anaerobic/F) foi analisado usando as ferramentas do CEP (Controle Estatístico de Processo) a fim de controlar a qualidade do processo. O resultado deste trabalho mostrou que 17 porcento das amostras não seguiam as especificações determinadas pelo fabricante, com respectivamente 41 (13,9 porcento) e 10 (3,4 porcento) dos frascos contendo baixo ou alto volume de sangue. Conclui-se que o processo pode ser considerado fora de controle e que de fato, o volume de sangue é a variável mais importante para a recuperação de microrganismos presentes no sangue.

PBL Experience in the Screening of Chronic Disease / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: Problem-based learning(PBL) experiences applied in the field of screening for chronic disease during the course of Community Medicine for the 3rd grade medical students were summarized. This study was aimed to train medical students the health appraisal ability and also the ability for public health education and promotion with health-oriented concept rather than disease-oriented one. And also it was aimed to train students to know what to learn and how to search the informations they need for themselves. STUDY SUBJECT AND METHOD: Three to four students in one team spent one and half days(Friday and Saturday) of one-week practical course of Community Medicine. Assigned materials were the medical records which are the files with the results of automated multiphasic screening tests which were applied to generally healthy people. Students were supposed to find, evaluate, solve or manage the real problems encountered from the multiphasic screening test results. RESULTS: The students accepted this self-directed learning process and small group discussion and also health-oriented human approach as new experiences and stimulants.

Relationship of Level of Stress, Life Style, Subjective Symptoms and Clinical Diagnosis in Clients taken Multiphasic Screening Program / 예방의학회지

To improve wellness and quality of life by recognizing the health effects of stress, the author estimated the relationships between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis through a questionnaire and a battery of specified laboratory tests - electrocardiography, blood pressure, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase(gamma-GTP), fasting blood sugar, gastro-endoscopy or UGI, abdominal sonography, etc. The data was gathered from 337 clients who were undergoing multiphasic screening program at a University Hospital from January to March 1998. The mean age of subjects was 46.5+/-11.2 years and the mean of body mass index was 24.0+/-3.7kg/m2. The mean level of stress was 18.5+/-6.0 expressed as the score out of 40. By general characteristics and life style among male, mean level of stress was significantly higher in case of lower socioeconomic status, habitual drug use, longer daily working time(>10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, irregular meal, skipping breakfast(p10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, smokers, irregular meal, skipping breakfast(p<0.05). Significant correlations were observed between stress and subjective symptoms in all kinds of organ system(p<0.01). Correlation coefficients of stress among male were relatively high with neuro-psychiatric symptom(gamma=0.476) and cardio-vascular symptom(gamma=0.361) in order, and correlation coefficients of stress among female was highest with neuro-psychiatric symptom(gamma=0.371). The prevalence of the diagnosis through the battery of laboratory tests was high in upper gastrointestinal disorders and hypercholesterolemia in order in both sex group. Among male the mean score of stress was significantly high in ulcerative peptic disorder of upper gastrointestine and hepatopathy in order (p<0.05) . Among female that was significantly high in diabetes mellitus. In summary, it is likely that there are associations between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis. To promote wellness and quality of life through, therefore, it would be of value that periodic stress evaluation program and stress management including appropriate control of smoking and drinking, regular exercise and meal.

Avaliaçäo da contagem diferencial de células sangüíneas por metodologia automatizada e microscopia / Diferential blood cells counting evaluation by automated methodology and optical microscopy

O hemograma é uma importante análise laboratorial de triagem na avaliaçäo dos fatores estimuladores e diferenciadores dos precursores hemopoiéticos medulares. Em condiçöes fisiológicas há equilíbrio entre a produçäo e a destruiçäo das células sangüíneas, realizada através de microscopia óptica e/ou automatizada, pode revelar possíveis variaçöes fisiológicas ou mesmo situaçöes patológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os resultados da contagem de células sangüínas, empregando-se metodologia automatizada, com aqueles obtidos através da avaliaçäo diferencial por microscopia óptica. As análises das células sangüíneas de 558 pacientes atendidos no Hospital Universitário foram realizadas no setor de Hematologia do Laboratório de Análises Clínicas. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que através da metodologia automatizada determinou-se número significamente maior de neutrófilos (p<0,05) e de monócitos (p<0,0001), em relaçäo àqueles determinados por microscopia óptica. Nas determinaçöes de plaquetas, linfócitos, eosinófilos e basófilos, näo foram observadas variaçöes significativas entre os métodos avaliados (p>0,05). Esses dados sugerem que apesar da agilidade dos métodos automatizados, quando o aparelho apresentar alarmes específicos em sua leitura, a análise por microscopia óptica, ainda é indispensável afim de minimizar as limitaçöes na contagem diferencial das células sangüíneas realizadas em aparelhos automatizados, e assim garantir a qualidade do resultado

Asociación de HTLV y HIV / HTLV and HIV association

Introducción: La relación del HTLV con patología neoplásica y neurológica y su capacidad para transmitirse por hemocomponentes ha llevado a la necesidad de su detección en los Bancos de Sangre. También se ha informado acerca de la coinfección de este virus con el HIV. Objetivo: Estudiar la prevalencia de HTLV en nuestra población de donantes de sangre y en una población de pacientes infectados con HIV. Material y método: Se estudiaron 4.125 donantes de sangre y 84 pacientes con reciente diagnóstico de infección por HIV. Se realizó el tamizaje por ELISA o aglutinación de partículas de gelatina y las muestras reactivas se confirmaron por WB. Resultados: La detección en donantes en la fase de tamizaje fue de 0,31 por ciento, no confirmándose resultado por WB. En los pacientes con HIV se encontró una 10,7 por ciento de reactivos por tamizaje, siendo un 8,33 por ciento del total confirmado como positivos. Discusión: La asociación de HTLV e HIV resultó significativa. Si bien en donantes no se confirmó ningún caso, hay argumentos suficientes para realizar su búsqueda en las unidades a transfundir a fin de garantizar mayor seguridad transfusional.

Analysis on the Relationships among the Total Cholesterol, Fasting Blood Sugar, Hypertension and Ischemic heart disease on EKG Findings / 예방의학회지

Since the 1960's, Korea has achieved rapid economic growth, longer life expectancy, accelerated urbanization and a westernization of diet. Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death; however the prevalence of ischemic heart disease(IHD) remains low. A cross-sectional multiphasic screening service for 18,426 persons aged 30 64 years in a Medical Aid Program in Kyonggi-do Province was conducted from 1991 to 1993. Total cholesterol(TC), Fasting blood glucose(FBG), blood pressure(BP), and electrocardiographic(EKG) data were collected. The result as follows; 1. On the EKG findings, the age-adjusted prevalence of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction was 1.45% in men and 2.06% in women. 2. The mean blood pressure was 122.9/78.8mmHg. The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 11.05% in men and 9.02% in women. The prevalence of hypertension showed increasing tendency according to age increase. In all age group, the prevalence of hypertension was higher in men than women. 3. The mean total cholesterol level was 184.4mg/dl in men and 189.2mg/dl in women. The age-adjusted prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 4.88% in men and 5.67% in women. The total cholesterol level showed increasing tendency according to age increase, except 55 64 age group in men. 4. The prevalence of hyperglycemia is 5.8%. The age-adjusted prevalence of hyperglycemia is 6.72% in men and 4.50% in women. The prevalence of hyperglycemia showed increasing tendency according to age increase. 5. On the EKG findings, the prevalence of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction was higher in hypertension than normal, in all age group of men and women less than 40 years-old. Only in women more than 40 years-old, the prevalence of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction was higher in hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. Nevertheless there is not statistical association between ischemic heart disease and previous risk factors in other age group, the prevalence of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction was higher in hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia than normal. The result of this study suggest that relationships between major risk factor of ischemic heart disease and ischemic heart disease is similar to existing theory.