In Vitro Activity of Medicinal Plants of the Venda region; South Africa; against Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonas vaginalis is an important and common cause of urogenital infections in both developed and in developing countries. In view of the high prevalence; increase in resistance to drug therapy and associated risk of acquisition and transmission of HIV; we screened the aqueous extracts of 29 plants. These plants are used to treat venereal diseases and infections in the Venda region. Extracts of four plants showed trichomonicidal activity: Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen. (Polygalaceae; 0.10 mg/ml); Solanum aculeastrum Dun. (Solanaceae; 1.06 mg/ml); Piper capense L.f. (Piperaceae; 11.19 mg/ml) and Cassine transvaalensis (Burtt. Davy) Codd (Celastraceae; 9.69 mg/ml). Further investigations are required to determine whether these plants possess the potential to be developed as new drugs for the treatment of trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal smears of women using intrauterine contraceptive device

To detect the association between the use of an intrauterine contraceptive device [IUCD] and the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis [Tv] in the vaginal smears. Vaginal smears were collected from 800 women who attended the Gynaecology and Obstetrics unit at Federal Government Hospital [Polyclinic] Islamabad, between June 1995 ' June 1997. Among 45 IUCD users, 15 women were positive for Tv [33.33%]. Forty two of 755 non-users were also positive for Tv [5.56%]. There was a significant correlation between the use of IUCD and the presence of Tv [p<0.05]. The data also indicated that the prolonged use [>3 years] of copper-IUCD may promote the growth of Tv in the vaginal mucosa. The use of copper IUCD for a long period causes growth of Tv on the genital mucosa so special attention should be paid to women who have prolonged copper-IUCD for the possible presence of Tv

prevalence of trichomonans vaginalis in association with other micro-organisms among women with vaginal discharge in Mosul

To screen women with vaginal discharge for Trichomonas vaginalis as well as other pathogens and to follow them up. Outpatient Gynaecologic Clinic, Family Planning Clinic, and Antenatal Clinic at Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 440 women with vaginal discharge [July 1997 to June 1999]. Full medical, gynaecologica, sexual and social history was recorded. Clinical examination was carried out. Laboratory investigations including vaginal, cervical and urethral swabs for direct examination, gram-stained smear, as well as culture on appropriate media. The total number of Trichomonas vaginalis infection was 68 [15.5 percent]. The isolated microorganisms in association with Trichomonas vaginalis were Candida albicans in 19 wmoen [27.9 percent]. Staphylococcus epidemidis in 10 women [14.7 percent], and Lactobacilli in six women constituting [8.8 percent]. Both Diphtheroids and Neisseria gonorrheae showed lower incidences, as only eight women were positive [5.9 percent] for each Escherichia. Coli was present in one patient [1.5 percent] 24 patients were positive for Trichomonas vaginalis only [35.3 percent]. The remaining 372 women who were negative for Trichomonas vaginalis showed a high rate of infection with Candida species [21.5 percent], followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis [18.3 percent] and lactobacilli [15.3 percent]. Other isolates included Streptococcus species [8.6 percent]., E. coli [5.9 percent], Klebsiella [3.8 percent], Enterococcus fecalis [3.0 percent], Gardnerella vaginalis [2.6 percent], Neisseria gonorrheae [2.4 percent], Proteus [2.2 percent], Diphtheroid [1.9 percent], Staphylococcus aureus [1.3 percent] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [0.8 percent]. Moreover, 46 [10.5 percent] of women showed no growth. 50.0 percent of infection with Trichomonas vaginalis was at age 26-35 years. Considering marital status, the highest rate [76.4 percent] of infection was among married women followed by divorced [14.7 percent], windows [5.8 percent] and singles [2.9 percent]. Pregnant women positive for Trichomonas vaginalis represented [45.6 percent] of cases. 61.7 percent of infection was among illiterate women. Metronidazole [flagyl] was given to all in a dose of 250mg orally thrice daily for seven days. Metronidazole was prescribed at the same time to husbands of infected women. Other specific medications [antifungal, antimicrobial agents] were given when indicated either alone or in combination with metronidazole. Two weeks later only 112 women came for reassessment clinical and by repeating direct smear and culture, that showed fifteen positive cases. Five of them still having Trichomonas vaginalis, eight were having Candiada albicans, and two showed normal smears. Further courses of treatment were given as indicated. Vaginal discharge is common among women in reproductive life. Culture is indicated for precise diagnosis