RESUMO
Preeclampsia is the second cause of maternal death in Ecuador. The etiology of this condition is probably a placental alteration, although the details are not well known. The development of the placenta is closely related to the availability of oxygen. A defect in the differentiation of trophoblastic cells due to a faulty sensitization to changes in oxygen pressure, could be the cause of the alteration in placental development. The role of iron and local environmental conditions of a susceptible population, should be considered in the study of the etiology of preeclampsia. In the Andrean area of Ecuador, the high incidence of preeclampsia could be explained by the high prevalence of anemia and high altitude. However more studies are required to establish a close link between the environmental conditions of this area and the imperfect placental development.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Altitude , Anemia Ferropriva/complicações , Ferro/metabolismo , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Placentação/fisiologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/etiologia , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Hipóxia/fisiopatologia , Equador , Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/fisiologia , Oxigenoterapia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/metabolismo , Pré-Eclâmpsia/fisiopatologia , Trimestres da Gravidez/metabolismo , Trimestres da Gravidez/fisiologiaRESUMO
Basal energy expenditure (BEE) was determined in 291 pregnant women, age 20-35 years, using Benedict Roth Metabolism Apparatus. A control study was undertaken in 38 non pregnant women during both follicular and luteal phases of menstrual cycle respectively. The mean +/- SD of BEE were found to be 34.04 +/- 3.05, 35.85 +/- 2.60 and 39.69 +/- 2.75 Kcal/m2/hr during first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy respectively. BEE was progressively and significantly increased (P < 0.01). However, increase in BEE during first trimester of pregnancy compared to that of luteal phase of menstrual cycle was insignificant. The results indicate that Indian pregnant women should maintain energy requirements by increasing caloric intake throughout the gestation.