Study of the fibrinolytic activity of serrapeptase and its in vitro thrombolytic effects

Abstract Serrapeptase, a proteolytic enzyme, has been used for the adjuvant treatment of many diseases. However, its fibrinolytic activity is still uncertain. Herein, the fibrinolytic activity of serrapeptase and its in vitro thrombolytic effects were investigated. The results showed that the fibrinolytic activity of serrapeptase was 1295 U/mg, and the specific activity was 3867 U/mg of protein when its proteolytic activity toward casein was 2800 U/mg. The optimum temperature and pH for serrapeptase activity were 37-40°C and 9.0, respectively. At 1 mmol/L, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ could activate the fibrinolytic activity of serrapeptase, while K+, Cu2+, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) inhibited it. In vitro tests showed that serrapeptase could completely prevent blood coagulation at 150 U/mL, and the percentage of blood clot lysis reached 96.6% at 37°C after 4 h at 300 U/mL. These results indicate that serrapeptase has excellent fibrinolytic activity, and can be used as a health food or candidate drug for the prevention or treatment of thrombotic diseases.

Clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological study of caudal vena cava thrombosis in cattle / Estudo clínico, laboratorial e anatomopatológico da trombose da veia cava caudal em bovinos

This paper aimed to describe the main clinico-epidemiological, laboratory, and anatomopathological findings in 10 cattle affected with caudal vena cava thrombosis. The main clinical signs observed were decreased milk production, reduced appetite, apathy, impairment of ruminal motility, cardiorespiratory disorders (tachycardia and tachypnea), epistaxis, hemoptysis, and ascites. Intercurrent diseases such as mastitis, metritis, and phlebitis were verified. The hematological findings were mild anemia, leukocytosis due to neutrophilia with regenerative left shift, and hyperfibrinogenemia. The pathological exams revealed thrombi in the caudal vena cava, hepatomegaly, ascites, liver abscesses, pulmonary edema and emphysema, and abscesses in the lungs. The association of epidemiological information, clinical signs such as respiratory distress, epistaxis or hemoptysis, in addition to anemia and leukocytosis due to neutrophilia, as well as the occurrence of thrombus in the caudal vena cava as pathological findings, are indicative elements of the clinical picture of vena cava thrombosis in cattle. It is reiterated that this disease has an unfavorable prognosis and, when diagnosed, the animal must be culled.(AU)

Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever os principais achados clínico-epidemiológicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos de 10 bovinos diagnosticados com trombose da veia cava caudal. Os principais achados clínicos foram redução da produção leiteira, diminuição do apetite, apatia, comprometimento da dinâmica ruminal, alterações cardio-respiratórias (taquicardia e taquipnéia), epistaxe, hemoptise e ascite. Foi constatada a ocorrência de doenças intercorrentes como mastite, metrite e flebite. O hemograma revelou discreta anemia, leucocitose por neutrofilia com desvio para esquerda regenerativo e hiperfibrinogenemia. No exame anatomopatológico revelou trombos localizados na veia cava caudal, hepatomegalia, ascite e abscessos hepáticos; além de abscessos, enfisema e edema pulmonares. A associação de informações epidemiológicas, sinais clínicos como desconforto respiratório, epistaxe ou hemoptise, além de anemia e leucocitose por neutrofilia, bem como a ocorrência de trombo na veia cava caudal como achados patológicos são elementos indicativos do quadro clínico de trombose de veia cava em bovinos. Reitera-se que essa doença tem prognóstico desfavorável e, quando diagnosticada, o animal deve ser abatido.(AU)

Presencia de trombosis y hallazgos anatomopatológicos post mortem en 109 pacientes con COVID-19 / Presence of thrombosis and post-mortem pathological findings in 109 patients with COVID-19

INTRODUCCIÓN: En 6 meses se notificaron más de 400 mil fallecidos por COVID-19. Han surgido múltiples investigaciones para comprender su etiopatogenia, siendo la autopsia médica uno de los mejores procedimientos para obtener información. Presentamos una revisión respecto a hallazgos post mortem publicados hasta mayo, 2020. RESULTADOS: Se recolectaron 12 estudios, de un total de 109 pacientes cuyo deceso fue por complicación respiratoria, predominó el sexo masculino, edad avanzada y con múltiples comorbilidades. El estudio PCR se realizó principalmente para diagnóstico. Se demostró ARN viral en riñón, hígado, corazón, cerebro y otros órganos. Los autores relataron presencia de micro y/o macro trombosis, en 50 de 109 casos, sobre todo a nivel pulmonar y renal, de tipo microscópica y relacionados a signos de shock. Desde la perspectiva anatomopatológica, se centra en alteraciones pulmonares y renales: daño alveolar difuso, injuria tubular aguda, microtrombos y otros signos de alteración microcirculatoria. Los estudios inmunohistoquímicos, de inmunofluoresencia y microscopía electrónica sugieren tropismo del virus por células epiteliales y estromales a nivel pulmonar y renal. En otros órganos se encuentran elementos morfológicos inespecíficos, atribuibles a patologías de base o shock. CONCLUSIÓN: El patrón histopatológico de daño alveolar difuso es frecuente, principalmente en fase exudativa o temprana. En el tejido renal destaca la injuria tubular aguda y daño microcirculatorio. El número y la descripción de muestras en otros órganos es reducida, siendo necesaria mayor casuística. La trombosis, es un trastorno prevalente en pulmones y riñones de pacientes con signos de shock. El tipo de trombo con más frecuencia descrito, es el microtrombo. Si bien se puede explicar como gatillante del fenómeno trombótico la interacción entre agente y huésped, otros factores deben ser estudiados para dilucidar la patogenia.

Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy: A case report and literature review / Vasculopatia trombótica fetal: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Summary Introduction: Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy is a recently described placental alteration with varying degrees of involvement and often associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. The diagnosis is made histologically and therefore is postnatal, which makes it a challenge in clinical practice. Method: Case report and review of literature on the subject. Results: The present case refers to a pregnant woman presenting fetal growth restriction, with poor obstetrical past, and sent late to our service. Even with weekly assessments of fetal vitality (fetal biophysical profile and Doppler velocimetry) and prenatal care, the patient progressed with fetal death at 36 weeks and 1 day. There was no association with inherited and acquired thrombophilia. Pathological examination of the placenta revealed fetal thrombotic vasculopathy. Conclusion: The fetal thrombotic vasculopathy may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes including fetal death, but much remains to be studied regarding its pathogenesis. Diagnosis during pregnancy is not possible and there is still no proven treatment for this condition. Future studies are needed so that strategies can be developed to minimize the impact of fetal thrombotic vasculopathy.

Resumo Introdução: a vasculopatia trombótica fetal é uma alteração placentária recentemente descrita, com espectro variado de acometimento e, muitas vezes, associada a resultado perinatal adverso. Trata-se de diagnóstico histopatológico e, portanto, pós-natal, o que a torna um desafio para a prática clínica. Método: apresentação de um relato de caso e revisão da literatura. Resultados: o caso apresentado é de uma gestante com restrição do crescimento fetal, encaminhada tardiamente ao serviço, com histórico obstétrico ruim. Apesar da avaliação semanal da vitalidade fetal (perfil biofísico fetal e dopplervelocimetria) e dos cuidados pré-natais, o caso evoluiu a óbito fetal com 36 semanas e 1 dia. Não houve associação com trombofilias hereditárias e adquiridas. O anatomopatológico da placenta revelou vasculopatia trombótica fetal. Conclusão: sabe-se que a vasculopatia trombótica fetal pode estar associada a resultado perinatal adverso, incluindo óbito fetal. Ainda há muito a ser estudado acerca de sua etiopatogenia. Não é possível o diagnóstico durante a gestação e não existe ainda qualquer tratamento comprovado para essa condição. Estudos futuros são necessários para que estratégias que minimizem o impacto da vasculopatia trombótica fetal sejam desenvolvidas.

Rare Complication of non-Treated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Extensive Thrombus in Right Cardiac Chambers / Complicação Rara de Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal não Tratado: Trombo Extenso em Câmaras Cardíacas Direitas

Abstract A 78-year-old patient presented with shortness of breath after falling down. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed an extensive thrombus in the right atrium (RA), extensive thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC), and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). A magnetic resonance confirmed the thrombosis of the RA extending to the IVC, which was apparently fused to the abdominal aortic aneurysm (compression? erosion?). This case illustrates a severe and rare complication of a non-treated AAA. There probably was IVC erosion by the aortic aneurysm, leading to blood stasis and extensive thrombosis of the IVC and right cardiac chambers.

Resumo Uma paciente de 78 anos procurou o serviço de emergência apresentando dispneia após sofrer queda da própria altura. O ecocardiograma transtorácico mostrou um extenso trombo no átrio direito (AD), trombose extensa da veia cava inferior (VCI), e aneurisma de aorta abdominal (AAA). A ressonância magnética confirmou a trombose do AD estendendo-se até a VCI, a qual aparentemente apresentava fusão ao aneurisma da aorta abdominal (compressão? erosão?). Este caso ilustra uma complicação grave e rara de um AAA não tratado. Provavelmente houve uma erosão da VCI pelo aneurisma da aorta resultando em estase sanguínea e trombose extensa da veia cava inferior e cavidades cardíacas direitas.

Evaluation of facial morphology and sagittal relationship between dental arches in primary and mixed dentition

OBJECTIVE: To assess facial morphology (Pattern) and sagittal relationship between dental arches (Class), and establish a potential association between them and the variables sex, age and ethnicity, among schoolchildren aged between 4 and 9 years old (mean age of 6.7 years) in primary and mixed dentitions.METHODS: The sample comprised 875 children (457 males and 418 females) attending schools in Descalvado, São Paulo, Brazil. An attempt was made with a view to establish a potential association between children's morphological features with sex, age and ethnicity.RESULTS: Descriptive analysis revealed a predominance of facial Pattern I (69.9 %) and Class I (67.4 %). Statistical tests (p < 0.001) showed that Class I was more frequent among Pattern I children, whereas Class II prevailed among Pattern II, and Class III was frequent among Pattern I and III children. Ethnicity was the only variable associated with facial pattern.CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that facial pattern and sagittal relationship between dental arches tend to be correlated. Ethnicity was associated with facial pattern, with Pattern I being the most recurrent among Caucasians and facial Pattern II being recurrent among Afro-descendant subjects.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a morfologia facial (Padrão) e a relação sagital entre as arcadas dentárias (Classe) e determinar a associação entre sexo, idade e etnia, em escolares com 4 a 9 anos de idade (média de 6,7 anos), nas fases de dentadura decídua e mista.MÉTODOS: a amostra constou de 875 crianças (457 do sexo masculino e 418 do sexo feminino) de escolas do município de Descalvado/SP, que tiveram suas características morfológicas relacionadas ao sexo, idade e etnia.RESULTADOS: com base na análise descritiva dos dados, constatou-se que há predominância do Padrão I (69,9%) e da Classe I (67,4%). Nos testes estatísticos (p < 0,001), ficou evidente que a Classe I foi mais frequente no Padrão I; a Classe II, no Padrão II; e a Classe III, igualmente frequente nos Padrões I e III; apenas a raça teve associação com o padrão facial.CONCLUSÃO: o padrão facial e a relação sagital entre as arcadas dentárias tendem a estar relacionados, e a etnia tem associação com o padrão facial, sendo mais recorrente o Padrão I nos leucodermas e o Padrão II nos melanodermas.

Assessments of the associations of thrombus localization with accompanying disorders, risk factors, D-dimer levels, and the red cell distribution width in pulmonary embolism

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary embolisms occur as a wide spectrum ranging from clinically asymptomatic thrombi to massive thrombi that lead to cardiogenic shock. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations of thrombus localization with risk factors, accompanying disorders, D-dimer levels and the red blood cell distribution width in patients with pulmonary embolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 148 patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, the presence and anatomical localization of the thrombus were assessed via computed tomographic pulmonary angiography. The accompanying disorders, risk factors, serum D-dimer levels, and red blood cell distribution width of the patients were retrospectively evaluated. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02388841. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 54±16.0 years, and 48 patients were ≥65 years of age. The most frequent accompanying disorders were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (22%) and malignancy (10.1%), and the most frequent risk factors were recent operation (14.1%) and immobilization (18.2%). Thrombi were most frequently observed in the right pulmonary artery (37.8%). In 31% of the patients, the thrombus was localized to the main pulmonary arteries. Immobile patients exhibited a higher proportion of thrombi in the main pulmonary arteries than mobile patients. The mean D-dimer level and the mean red blood cell distribution width in the patients with thrombi in the main pulmonary arteries were higher than those in the patients with thrombi in more distal pulmonary arterial branches. CONCLUSION: Significant associations of proximally localized thrombi with immobilization, the D-dimer levels, and the red blood cell distribution width were observed. .

CT Findings of Intrarenal Yolk Sac Tumor with Tumor Thrombus Extending into the Inferior Vena Cava: A Case Report

Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare germ cell neoplasm of childhood that usually arises from the testis or ovary. The rare cases of YST in various extragonadal locations have been reported, but the primary intrarenal YST is even more uncommon. Here, we report a case of a primary intrarenal YST with tumor thrombus of the inferior vena cava and left renal vein in a 2-year-old boy, with an emphasis on the CT features. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an intrarenal YST with intravascular involvement.

Trombo aortico intraluminal e hematoma intramural apos manobra de ressuscitacao cardiopulmonar / Aortic luminal thrombus and intramural hematoma after cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Descrevemos o caso de um paciente com hematoma intramural e trombo flutuante após ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Esse homem, de 92 anos de idade, teve uma parada cardíaca causada por fibrilação atrial e testemunhas iniciaram imediatamente manobras manuais de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Ao ser admitido no hospital, o paciente apresentava-se em choque cardiogênico, sendo, então, imediatamente submetido a ecocardiografia transesofágica. Além de uma parede anterior acinética, o exame da aorta torácica descendente mostrou um hematoma intramural e um trombo intra-aórtico flutuante a uma distância de 40cm do arco dental. Não havia dissecção da aorta. O trombo foi atribuído à compressão aórtica durante a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Embora o trombo aórtico e o hematoma intramural não tenham se associado a qualquer complicação nesse paciente, a inserção de um balão intra-aórtico poderia ter levado a uma ruptura da aorta ou a eventos embólicos. Recomenda-se a realização de ecocardiografia transesofágica, quando disponível, antes da inserção de um balão intra-aórtico de contrapulsação em pacientes submetidos à ressuscitação cardiopulmonar.

We describe the case of a patient with an intramural hematoma and floating thrombus after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The 92-year old man had a cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation and witnesses immediately initiated manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed immediately on hospital admission because the patient was in cardiogenic shock. In addition to an akinetic anterior wall, examination of the descending thoracic aorta demonstrated an intramural hematoma and a floating intra-aortic thrombus at a distance of 40cm from the dental arch. There was no aortic dissection. The thrombus was attributed to aortic compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Although the aortic thrombus and intramural hematoma were not associated with any complications in this patient, insertion of an intra-aortic balloon may have led to aortic rupture or embolic events. Transesophageal echocardiography should be performed, when available, prior to insertion of an intra-aortic balloon for counterpulsation in patients who have undergone cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

A Newly Formed and Ruptured Atheromatous Plaque within Neointima after Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: 2-Year Follow-Up Intravascular Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography Studies

Late stent thrombosis (LST) which is a life threatening complication has emerged as a serious problem of drug-eluting stents (DES). Several studies have suggested that incomplete neointimal coverage of stent struts contributes to LST. Progressive atherosclerosis within the neointima is an another possible cause of LST, but this phenomenon has seldom been reported in DES. We present a case of LST following DES implantation after a period of 28 months due to ruptured atheromatous plaque, despite complete neointimal coverage of stent struts proven by optical coherence tomography.

Trombose em artérias pulmonares pequenas e médias em granulomatose de Wegener: um estudo com microscopia confocal por varredura a laser / Thrombosis in small and medium-sized pulmonary arteries in Wegener's granulomatosis: a confocal laser scanning microscopy study

OBJETIVO: A granulomatose de Wegener (GW) pode causar dano nas células endoteliais e fenômenos tromboembólicos. Entretanto, poucos estudos analisaram a microcirculação pulmonar - artérias pulmonares de pequeno/médio calibre (APPMC) - em pacientes com GW. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar trombos de fibrina em amostras de APPMC de pacientes com GW. MÉTODOS: Analisamos 24 APPMC de seis pacientes com GW e 16 APPMC de quatro pacientes controles sem WG. Utilizamos CD34 para a marcação do endotélio em todas as amostras e microscopia confocal a laser para detectar trombos de fibrina intravasculares. Calculamos a área total do vaso, a área livre do lúmen e a área trombótica. RESULTADOS: A média da área total do vaso foi similar no grupo GW e no grupo controle (32.604 µm² vs. 32.970 µm², p = 0,8793). Trombos foram identificados em 22 das 24 APPMC (91,67 por cento) no grupo GW, e em nenhuma do grupo controle (p < 0,0001; OR = 297 (IC95 por cento: 13,34-6.612). A média da área trombótica foi maior no grupo GW do que no grupo controle (10.068 µm² vs. 0.000 µm², p < 0,0001). Em contraste, a média da área livre do lúmen foi menor no grupo GW que no grupo controle (6.116 µm² vs. 24.707 µm², p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: A microscopia confocal a laser mostrou uma associação significante entre trombose microvascular pulmonar e GW. Isso sugere um possível papel da trombose microvascular na fisiopatologia da GW pulmonar, evocando o potencial benefício da anticoagulação na GW pulmonar. Entretanto, novos estudos são necessários para confirmar nossos achados, assim como um ensaio clínico randomizado a fim de testar o papel da anticoagulação no tratamento de pacientes com GW pulmonar.

OBJECTIVE: Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) can cause endothelial cell damage and thromboembolic events. Nevertheless, there have been few studies on the pulmonary microcirculation-small and medium-sized pulmonary arteries (SMSPA)-in patients with WG. The objective of this study was to quantify fibrin thrombi in the SMSPA of patients with WG. METHODS: We analyzed 24 SMSPA samples collected from six patients with WG and 16 SMSPA samples collected from four patients without WG. In all samples, we used the endothelial cell marker CD34 and confocal laser scanning microscopy in order to detect intravascular fibrin thrombi. We calculated the total vessel area, the free lumen area, and the thrombotic area. RESULTS: The mean total vessel area was similar in the WG and control groups (32,604 µm² vs. 32,970 µm², p = 0.8793). Thrombi were present in 22 (91.67 percent) of the 24 WG group samples and in none of the control group samples (p < 0.0001; OR = 297; 95 percent CI: 13.34-6,612). The mean thrombotic area was greater in the WG group samples than in the control group samples (10,068 µm² vs. 0.000 µm²; p < 0.0001). In contrast, the mean free lumen area was smaller in the WG group samples than in the control group samples (6,116 µm² vs. 24,707 µm²; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a significant association between pulmonary microvascular thrombosis and WG. This suggests a possible role of microvascular thrombosis in the pathophysiology of pulmonary WG, evoking the potential benefits of anticoagulation therapy in pulmonary WG. However, further studies are needed in order to confirm our findings, and randomized clinical trials should be conducted in order to test the role of anticoagulation therapy in the treatment of patients with pulmonary WG.

Flegmasia cerulea dolens: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Flegmasia cerulea dolens: case report and literature review

Phlegmasia Caerulea Dolens is a rare complication of deep vein thrombosis. It presents with a sudden onset of pain, swelling, discoloration and arterial compromise of the affected limb. There’s usually history of prothrombotic events such as malignancy, femoral vein catheterism, antiphospholipid syndrome, recent surgery, pregnancy, etc. Left without treatment, it can evolvein to gangrene, septic shock and death. Diagnosis usually only requires clinical appreciation.Confirmation can be done with ultrasonographic studies with doppler. Treatment can be both medical and surgically based. Medical therapy can be done with heparin and elevation of the affected limb or the use of thrombolytic, whilst surgical therapy can be either venous thrombectomy or amputation. We present the case of a 57-year old smoker, diabetic, and with systemic lupus erythematosus history female patient, that goes to the emergency room with sudden left leg pain, with cyanosis and absence of distal pulses. Besides she presented with lower respiratory symptoms. Diagnosis was confirmed with ultrasound and CT pulmonary angiography was performed showing pulmonary embolism. Medical treatment was initiated with good response.

Alterações histopatológicas em placentas humanas relacionadas às síndromes hipertensivas / Histopathological changes in human placentas related to hypertensive disorders

OBJETIVO: determinar a prevalência de alterações histopatológicas em placentas humanas, relacionadas às síndromes hipertensivas. MÉTODOS: estudo de corte transversal, que comparou as alterações histopatológicas identificadas em 43 placentas oriundas de gestantes do grupo de hipertensas (GrHip) com as de 33 placentas de gestantes do grupo de normotensas (GrNor). Foram analisados o peso, volume e ocorrência macro e microscópica de infartos, coágulos, hematomas, aterose (obliteração parcial, espessamento de camadas e presença de vasos hialinizados) e alterações de Tenney-Parker (ausentes, discretas e proeminentes), bem como a localização de infartos e coágulos (central, periférico ou associação de ambos). Para a análise estatística foram usados os testes do χ2 e t de Student, bem como médias, desvios padrões e percentuais. Considerou-se como significante um p<0,05. RESULTADOS: o estudo macroscópico revelou que as placentas do GrHip, se comparadas às do GrNor, apresentaram menor peso (461,1 versus 572,1 g) e volume (437,4 versus 542,0 cm³) e percentuais aumentados de infartos (51,2 versus 45,5 por cento; p<0,05; OR=1,15) e de coágulos (51,2 versus 15,1 por cento; p<0,05; OR=5,4). Nos GrHip e GrNor, os infartos microscópicos ocorreram em 83,7 e 45,5 por cento; p<0,05; OR=4,3, respectivamente. A aterose e as alterações de Tenney-Parker associaram-se estatisticamente às síndromes hipertensivas (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: os dados obtidos permitem associar menor peso e volume placentário, maior percentual de infartos macro e microscópicos, coágulos, aterose e alterações de Tenney-Parker às placentas relacionadas com gestações que cursaram com síndromes hipertensivas.

PURPOSE: to determine the prevalence of histopathological changes, in human placentas, related to hypertensive syndromes. METHODS: a transversal study that compares histopathological changes identified in 43 placentae from hypertensive pregnant women (HypPr), with the ones from 33 placentae from normotensive pregnant women (NorPr). The weight, volume and macroscopic and microscopic occurrence of infarctions, clots, hematomas, atherosis (partial obliteration, thickness of layers and presence of blood vessels hyalinization) and Tenney-Parker changes (absent, discreet and prominent), as well as the locating of infarctions and clots (central, peripheral or the association of both) have been analyzed. The χ2 and t Student tests have been used for the statistical analysis, as well as medians, standard deviations and ratios. It has been considered as significant, p<0.05. RESULTS: the macroscopic study of HypPr placentae have presented lower weight (461.1 versus 572.1 g) and volume (437.4 versus 542.0 cm³), higher infarction (51.2 versus 45.5 percent; p<0.05: OR=1.15) and clots (51.2 versus 15.1 percent; p<0.05; OR=5.4) ratios, as compared to the NorPr's. In the HypPr and NorPr, microscopic clots have occurred in 83.7 versus 45.5 percent (p<0.05; OR=4.3), respectively. Atherosis and Tenney-Parker changes have been statistically associated to the hypertensive syndromes (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the obtained data allow us to associate lower placentary weight and volume, higher ratio of macro and microscopic infarction, clots, atherosis and Tenney-Parker changes to placentae of gestations occurring with hypertensive syndromes.

Policitemia vera: relato de caso / Polycythemia vera: case report

A policitemia vera (PV) é um transtorno mieloproliferativo das células hematopoiéticas, caracterizada poruma produção anormal e acentuada de eritrócitos, leucócitos e plaquetas. É uma doença rara, com uma incidênciade 2,3/100.000 pessoas por ano. Apresentamos um relato de caso de uma paciente de 45 anos com sintomas,sinais e achados sugestivos de policitemia vera.

The polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative disturb from haematopoietic cells characterized by abnormal and overstated production of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. It is a rare disease with an incidenceof 2.3/100.000 people per year. We present a case report of a 45 years old patient with symptoms, signs andsuggestive results of polycythemia vera.

Inhibición del crecimiento tumoral en ratones induciendo coagulación selectiva de los vasos tumorales / Inhibition of tumor growth in mice by selective coagulation of tumors vessels

El presente estudio se basó en el hecho de que el factor tisular (TF), la proteína humana inductora de la coagulación es el principal disparador de la coagulación sanguínea. El objetivo de este trabajo fue demostrar en un modelo animal la factibilidad de tratar tumores sólidos humanos activando la coagulación e inhibiendo el crecimiento tumoral mediante infarto del mismo. Demostrar que el factor tisular truncado(tTF) recupera su capacidad inductora de la coagulación In vitro como In vivo y que fusionado al péptido RGD (tTF-RGD) en su carbono terminal hace blanco en marcadores de la angiogenesis presentes en el endotelio vascular tumoral no así en tejidos normales, como un novedoso abordaje en cáncer. Utilizando para la investigación dos líneas tumorales humanas (M21 y CCL-185) xenotransplantadas cada una en grupos de 24 ratones cada vez y distribuidos en grupos de 8 cada uno para las terapias con tTF-RGD, tTF y solución salina, respectivamente; En conclusión este trabajo muestra por primera vez que la caracterización específica del tTF-RGD en su carbono terminal le permite activar la coagulación selectiva, trombosis e infarto del tejido tumoral, inhibiendo en 100% el crecimiento de tumores humanos en ratones y sin efectos adversos significativos...